青藏铁路的重要意义、技术难点及力学问题 第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告
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摘要
通过国内外冻土研究现状及青藏铁路修建几十年的历史回顾,结合青藏高原海拔最高、自然环境恶劣、地质条件复杂的特点,阐述了青藏铁路的特殊性、复杂性以及修建的可行性和在西部大开发中的重要意义。通过对路基工程、桥涵工程以及隧道工程等关键技术问题的讨论,使我们对于各种试验研究的目的及针对性有了更清晰的认识,为各种技术或工程措施的应用提供了依据和前提。结合兰州交通大学参与主持的青藏课题,对于部分结构形式在多年冻土条件下的力学特性和机理进行了简述,表明了其力学问题的差异性和特殊性,为进一步深化认识和分析提供了参考。总之,通过青藏公路几十年的运营和近3年青藏铁路的修建,多年冻土地区的三大难点已突出表现和集中在冻土方面。我们对多年冻土的认识和深化也将是一个艰巨的、长期的探索研究过程。
Considering the highest altitude, the severely natural environment and the complex geological conditions of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, recalling about the present research on frozen soil and the history of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, the article explain the specialty, complexity and feasibility of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway as well as its significance in West Development of China. The article discussed the key technical problems of subgrade engineering, bridge engineering and tunnel engineering. Thus gave clearly understanding on the aims and focuses of different tests and researches. These tests and researches provide a foundation for different technology or engineering measure to apply in Qinghai-Tibetan Railway. According to the research task of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, the mechanical character and principle of part of structure shape were discussed under permafrost condition and the difficulty and specialty were compared at the same time. These analyses are useful for further research. In a word, through the operations of Qinghai-Tibetan Highway over past decades and the construction of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in recent three years. The three key technical problems are mainly concentrated on frozen soil. The real research about frozen soil would be a long and tough process.
Considering the highest altitude, the severely natural environment and the complex geological conditions of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, recalling about the present research on frozen soil and the history of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, the article explain the specialty, complexity and feasibility of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway as well as its significance in West Development of China. The article discussed the key technical problems of subgrade engineering, bridge engineering and tunnel engineering. Thus gave clearly understanding on the aims and focuses of different tests and researches. These tests and researches provide a foundation for different technology or engineering measure to apply in Qinghai-Tibetan Railway. According to the research task of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, the mechanical character and principle of part of structure shape were discussed under permafrost condition and the difficulty and specialty were compared at the same time. These analyses are useful for further research. In a word, through the operations of Qinghai-Tibetan Highway over past decades and the construction of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in recent three years. The three key technical problems are mainly concentrated on frozen soil. The real research about frozen soil would be a long and tough process.
引文
[1] H.A.崔托维奇.张长庆,朱元林译.冻土力学.北京:科学出版社,1985
[2] 徐学祖,王家澄等.冻土物理学.北京:科学出版社.2001
[3] 周幼吾,邱国庆等.中国冻土.北京:科学出版社,2000
[4] 吴紫汪,程国栋等.冻土路基工程.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1998
[5] 前苏联科学院西伯利亚分院冻土研究所.普通冻土学.北京:科学出版社,1988
[6] 王志坚.青藏铁路建设中的冻土问题.北京:中国铁路.2002(12) :31～37
[7] 臧恩穆,吴紫汪.多年冻土退化与道路工程.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1999
[8] 中华人民共和国行业标准.冻土地区建筑地基基础设计规范(JGJ 118-98) .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[9] 马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.多年冻土地区主动冷却地基方法研究.冰川冻土24(5) ,2002
[10] 青藏铁路沿线多年冻土区典型地段的多年冻土分布与特征的研究.中科院冰川冻土研究所等,1976
[11] 多年冻土地区铁路路基工程的研究.铁道科学研究院西北所,1980
[12] 青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段预可行性研究.铁道第一勘察设计院,2000
[13] 青藏铁路高原冻土区工程设计暂行规定.铁道第一勘察设计院等,2001
[14] 刘晶波、吕彦东.结构.地基动力相互作用问题分析的一种直接方法.土木工程学报,1998(3)
[15] Lysmer J. and Kulemeyer R.L. Finite dynamic model for infinite media. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division. ASCE, Vol.95,1969
[16] 徐学燕、仲丛利.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定.岩土工程学报,1998(5) .
[17] 陆鸣等.青藏铁路四座主要桥梁工程场地地震安全性评价报告.中国地震局工程地震研究中心.2001
[18] 陈兴冲,高峰等.青藏线常用跨度桥梁抗震性能分析研究.2003
[19] 王旭.清水河细颗粒冻土段桥涵关键技术-钻孔灌注桩的应用试验研究.2003
[20] 孙学先.清水河细颗粒冻土段桥涵关键技术-钻孔灌注直孔抗拔、扩底桩的应用试验研究.2003
[21] 吴亚平.清水河细颗粒冻士段桥涵关键技术-钻孔插入桩的应用试验研究.2003
[22] 梁波.厚层地下冰段路桥涵关键技术的研究(北麓河)-L型挡墙试验研究.2003
[23] 梁波等.青藏铁路L型挡土墙的土压力实测与分析.岩土工程学报26(待发),2004
[24] 丁靖康等.水平冻胀力研究.第二届全国冻土学术会议论文集.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1983． 233～239
[2] 徐学祖,王家澄等.冻土物理学.北京:科学出版社.2001
[3] 周幼吾,邱国庆等.中国冻土.北京:科学出版社,2000
[4] 吴紫汪,程国栋等.冻土路基工程.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1998
[5] 前苏联科学院西伯利亚分院冻土研究所.普通冻土学.北京:科学出版社,1988
[6] 王志坚.青藏铁路建设中的冻土问题.北京:中国铁路.2002(12) :31～37
[7] 臧恩穆,吴紫汪.多年冻土退化与道路工程.兰州:兰州大学出版社,1999
[8] 中华人民共和国行业标准.冻土地区建筑地基基础设计规范(JGJ 118-98) .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[9] 马巍,程国栋,吴青柏.多年冻土地区主动冷却地基方法研究.冰川冻土24(5) ,2002
[10] 青藏铁路沿线多年冻土区典型地段的多年冻土分布与特征的研究.中科院冰川冻土研究所等,1976
[11] 多年冻土地区铁路路基工程的研究.铁道科学研究院西北所,1980
[12] 青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段预可行性研究.铁道第一勘察设计院,2000
[13] 青藏铁路高原冻土区工程设计暂行规定.铁道第一勘察设计院等,2001
[14] 刘晶波、吕彦东.结构.地基动力相互作用问题分析的一种直接方法.土木工程学报,1998(3)
[15] Lysmer J. and Kulemeyer R.L. Finite dynamic model for infinite media. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division. ASCE, Vol.95,1969
[16] 徐学燕、仲丛利.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定.岩土工程学报,1998(5) .
[17] 陆鸣等.青藏铁路四座主要桥梁工程场地地震安全性评价报告.中国地震局工程地震研究中心.2001
[18] 陈兴冲,高峰等.青藏线常用跨度桥梁抗震性能分析研究.2003
[19] 王旭.清水河细颗粒冻土段桥涵关键技术-钻孔灌注桩的应用试验研究.2003
[20] 孙学先.清水河细颗粒冻土段桥涵关键技术-钻孔灌注直孔抗拔、扩底桩的应用试验研究.2003
[21] 吴亚平.清水河细颗粒冻士段桥涵关键技术-钻孔插入桩的应用试验研究.2003
[22] 梁波.厚层地下冰段路桥涵关键技术的研究(北麓河)-L型挡墙试验研究.2003
[23] 梁波等.青藏铁路L型挡土墙的土压力实测与分析.岩土工程学报26(待发),2004
[24] 丁靖康等.水平冻胀力研究.第二届全国冻土学术会议论文集.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1983． 233～239
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