云南禄劝地震对余震有触发作用吗——静态应力触发地震的讨论
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摘要
采用文献[1]计算地震产生的静态应变场的解析表达式,对云南禄劝地震的15次余震,计算了主震在余震节面上产生的正应力和静态库仑破裂应力变化。分析了正应力变化和静态库仑破裂应力变化是否对余震有触发作用。结果表明,主震产生的正应力变化和库仑破裂应力变化并没有明显的证据“有利于”余震的发生。另外,还比较了运用与主震相同的余震机制和反演得到的余震机制在库仑破裂模型中计算结果的差异。使用反演的余震机制得出的结果稍优于假定余震与主震有相同震源机制得到的结果。
The normal stress and static Coulomb's failure stress produced on the nodal plane of aftershocks of the main shock,for 15 aftershocks of the Luquan earthquake,are calculated,by using Okada's(1992) analytical expression of static strain field,caused by earthquake.Whether the normal stress and static Coulomb failure stress have the effect on triggering aftershocks is analyzed.The result shows that there is no obvious evidence that the variations of the normal stress and Coulomb's failure stress caused by main shock are good for occurrence of aftershocks.In addition,the difference of calculated results in Coulomb rupture model between using the which is as same as the main shock's and using focal mechanism of aftershocks from inversion is compared.The result using the focal mechanism of aftershocks from inversion is slightly better than that assuming that the aftershocks have the same focal mechanism as the main shock's.
The normal stress and static Coulomb's failure stress produced on the nodal plane of aftershocks of the main shock,for 15 aftershocks of the Luquan earthquake,are calculated,by using Okada's(1992) analytical expression of static strain field,caused by earthquake.Whether the normal stress and static Coulomb failure stress have the effect on triggering aftershocks is analyzed.The result shows that there is no obvious evidence that the variations of the normal stress and Coulomb's failure stress caused by main shock are good for occurrence of aftershocks.In addition,the difference of calculated results in Coulomb rupture model between using the which is as same as the main shock's and using focal mechanism of aftershocks from inversion is compared.The result using the focal mechanism of aftershocks from inversion is slightly better than that assuming that the aftershocks have the same focal mechanism as the main shock's.
引文
[1]O kada Y.In terna l deform ation due to shear and tens ilefau lts in a ha lf-space[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1992,82(2):1018-1040.
[2]Ch innery M A.T he stress changes that accom pany str-ike-slip fau lting[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1963,53(1):921-932.
[3]Sm ith S W,V an de L indt W.S tra in ad justm en tsassoc iated w ith earthquakes in sou thern C a liforn ia[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1969,59(4):1569-1589.
[4]R yb ich i K.A na lys is of aftershocks on the bas is of d isloc-ation theory[J].Phys E arth P lanet In ter,1973,7(4):409-422.
[5]陈运泰,林邦慧,林中洋,等.根据地面形变的观测研究1966年邢台地震的震源过程[J].地球物理学报,1975,18(3):164-182.
[6]Y am ash ina K.Induced earthquakes in the Izu Pen insu laby Izu-H an to-O k i earthquake of 1974,Japan[J].T ectonophys ics,1978,51:139-154.
[7]黄福明,王廷韫.倾斜断层错动产生的应力场[J],地震学报,1980,2(1):1-20.
[8]罗灼礼.震源应力场、形变场和倾斜场[J].地震学报,1980,2(2):169-185.
[9]H arris R A.In troduction to spec ia l section:S tresstriggers,S tress shadow s,and im p lications for se ism ichazard[J].J G eophys R es,1998,103:24347-24358.
[10]S te in R S.T he ro le of stress transfer in earthquakeoccurrence[J].N ature,1999,402:605-609.
[11]S te in R S,B arka A A,D ieterich J H.P rogress ive fa ilureon the N orth A nato lian fau lt s ince 1939 by earthquakestress triggering[J].G eophys J In t,1997,128:594-604.
[12]N a lban t S S,Hubert A,K ing G C P.S tress coup lingbetw een earthquakes in the northw est T urkey and thenorth A egean Sea[J].J G eophys R es,1998,103:24469-24486.
[13]Hubert-F errariA,B arka A,Jacques E.Se ism ic hazard inthe M arm ara Sea reg ion fo llow ing the 17 A ugust 1999Izm it earthquake[J].N ature,2000,404:269-272.
[14]Parsons T,T oda S,S te in R S.H e igh tened odds of largeearthquakes near Istanbu l:an in teraction-basedprobab ility ca lcu lation[J].Sc ience,2000,288:661-665.
[15]Hodgk inson K M,S te in R S,K ing G C P.T he 1954 R a i-nbow M oun ta in-F a irv iew Peak-D ix ie V a lleyearthquakes:A triggered norm a l fau lting sequence[J],J.G eophys R es,1996,101:25459-25471.
[16]傅征祥,刘桂萍.海原大地震可能触发古浪大地震的力学机制[C]∥陈运泰.中国地震学会成立20周年纪念文集.北京:地震出版社,1999:234-243.
[17]T ro ise C,D e N ata le G,P ingue F,et a l.Ev idence for sta-tic stress in teraction am ong earthquakes in sou th-cen tra l A ppenn ines(Ita ly)[J].G eophys J In t,1998,134:809-817.
[18]T hatcher W,Savage J C.T riggering of large earthqua-kes by m agm a-cham ber in flation,Izu Pen insu la,Japan[J].G eo logy,1982,10:637-640.
[19]N ostro C,S te in R S,Cocco M,et a l.Tw o-w ay coup lingbetw een V esuv ius eruptions and sou thern A penn ineearthquakes,Ita ly,by e lastic stress transfer[J].JG eophys R es,1998,103:24487-24504.
[20]刘正荣,陈敬.1985年4月18日云南禄劝地震[J],地震学报,1986,8(增刊):161-165.
[21]吴明熙,王鸣,孙次昌,等.1985年禄劝地震部分余震的精确定位[J].地震学报,1990,12(2):121-129.
[22]倪江川,陈运泰,王鸣,等.云南禄劝地震部分余震的矩张量反演[J].地震学报,1991,13(4):412-419.
[23]Chen Y T,Zhou J Y,N i J C.Invers ion of near-source-broadband acce lerogram s for the earthquake source-tim e function[J].T ectonophys ics,1991,197:89-98.
[24]吴忠良,陈运泰,倪江川,等.近震源宽频带记录的地震矩张量反演[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):141-152.
[25]陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,等.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:119-125.
[26]宇津德治.地震事典[M].北京:地震出版社,1987:317-318.
[27]S te in R S,K ing G C P,L in J.Change in fa ilure stress onthe sou thern San A ndreas fau lt system caused by them agn itude7.4 L anders earthquake[J].Sc ience,1992,258:1328-1332.
[28]K ing G C P,S te in R S,L in J.S tatic stress changes andthe triggering of earthquakes[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1994,84:935-953.
[29]R ice J R.F au lt stress states,pore pressure d istribu tion,and the w eakness of the San A ndreas fau lt[C]∥EvansB,W ong T F.F au lt m echan ics and transport propertiesof rock,Eds.London:A cadem ic P ress,1992:475-503.
[30]B eroza G C,Zoback M D.M echan ism d ivers ity of Lom aP rieta aftershocks and the m echan ics of m a inshock-aftershock in teraction[J].Sc ience,1993,259:210-213.
[31]K ilb D,E llis M,G om berg J,et a l.O n the orig in of d ive-rse aftershock m echan ism s fo llow ing the 1989 Lom aP rieta earthquake[J].G eophys J In t,1997,128:557-570.
[32]H ardebeck J L,N azareth J J,H auksson E.T he static st-ress change triggering m ode l:Constra in ts from tw osou thern C a liforn ia aftershock sequences[J].J G eophysR es,1998,103:24427-24437.
[2]Ch innery M A.T he stress changes that accom pany str-ike-slip fau lting[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1963,53(1):921-932.
[3]Sm ith S W,V an de L indt W.S tra in ad justm en tsassoc iated w ith earthquakes in sou thern C a liforn ia[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1969,59(4):1569-1589.
[4]R yb ich i K.A na lys is of aftershocks on the bas is of d isloc-ation theory[J].Phys E arth P lanet In ter,1973,7(4):409-422.
[5]陈运泰,林邦慧,林中洋,等.根据地面形变的观测研究1966年邢台地震的震源过程[J].地球物理学报,1975,18(3):164-182.
[6]Y am ash ina K.Induced earthquakes in the Izu Pen insu laby Izu-H an to-O k i earthquake of 1974,Japan[J].T ectonophys ics,1978,51:139-154.
[7]黄福明,王廷韫.倾斜断层错动产生的应力场[J],地震学报,1980,2(1):1-20.
[8]罗灼礼.震源应力场、形变场和倾斜场[J].地震学报,1980,2(2):169-185.
[9]H arris R A.In troduction to spec ia l section:S tresstriggers,S tress shadow s,and im p lications for se ism ichazard[J].J G eophys R es,1998,103:24347-24358.
[10]S te in R S.T he ro le of stress transfer in earthquakeoccurrence[J].N ature,1999,402:605-609.
[11]S te in R S,B arka A A,D ieterich J H.P rogress ive fa ilureon the N orth A nato lian fau lt s ince 1939 by earthquakestress triggering[J].G eophys J In t,1997,128:594-604.
[12]N a lban t S S,Hubert A,K ing G C P.S tress coup lingbetw een earthquakes in the northw est T urkey and thenorth A egean Sea[J].J G eophys R es,1998,103:24469-24486.
[13]Hubert-F errariA,B arka A,Jacques E.Se ism ic hazard inthe M arm ara Sea reg ion fo llow ing the 17 A ugust 1999Izm it earthquake[J].N ature,2000,404:269-272.
[14]Parsons T,T oda S,S te in R S.H e igh tened odds of largeearthquakes near Istanbu l:an in teraction-basedprobab ility ca lcu lation[J].Sc ience,2000,288:661-665.
[15]Hodgk inson K M,S te in R S,K ing G C P.T he 1954 R a i-nbow M oun ta in-F a irv iew Peak-D ix ie V a lleyearthquakes:A triggered norm a l fau lting sequence[J],J.G eophys R es,1996,101:25459-25471.
[16]傅征祥,刘桂萍.海原大地震可能触发古浪大地震的力学机制[C]∥陈运泰.中国地震学会成立20周年纪念文集.北京:地震出版社,1999:234-243.
[17]T ro ise C,D e N ata le G,P ingue F,et a l.Ev idence for sta-tic stress in teraction am ong earthquakes in sou th-cen tra l A ppenn ines(Ita ly)[J].G eophys J In t,1998,134:809-817.
[18]T hatcher W,Savage J C.T riggering of large earthqua-kes by m agm a-cham ber in flation,Izu Pen insu la,Japan[J].G eo logy,1982,10:637-640.
[19]N ostro C,S te in R S,Cocco M,et a l.Tw o-w ay coup lingbetw een V esuv ius eruptions and sou thern A penn ineearthquakes,Ita ly,by e lastic stress transfer[J].JG eophys R es,1998,103:24487-24504.
[20]刘正荣,陈敬.1985年4月18日云南禄劝地震[J],地震学报,1986,8(增刊):161-165.
[21]吴明熙,王鸣,孙次昌,等.1985年禄劝地震部分余震的精确定位[J].地震学报,1990,12(2):121-129.
[22]倪江川,陈运泰,王鸣,等.云南禄劝地震部分余震的矩张量反演[J].地震学报,1991,13(4):412-419.
[23]Chen Y T,Zhou J Y,N i J C.Invers ion of near-source-broadband acce lerogram s for the earthquake source-tim e function[J].T ectonophys ics,1991,197:89-98.
[24]吴忠良,陈运泰,倪江川,等.近震源宽频带记录的地震矩张量反演[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):141-152.
[25]陈运泰,吴忠良,王培德,等.数字地震学[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:119-125.
[26]宇津德治.地震事典[M].北京:地震出版社,1987:317-318.
[27]S te in R S,K ing G C P,L in J.Change in fa ilure stress onthe sou thern San A ndreas fau lt system caused by them agn itude7.4 L anders earthquake[J].Sc ience,1992,258:1328-1332.
[28]K ing G C P,S te in R S,L in J.S tatic stress changes andthe triggering of earthquakes[J].Bu ll Se ism Soc Am er,1994,84:935-953.
[29]R ice J R.F au lt stress states,pore pressure d istribu tion,and the w eakness of the San A ndreas fau lt[C]∥EvansB,W ong T F.F au lt m echan ics and transport propertiesof rock,Eds.London:A cadem ic P ress,1992:475-503.
[30]B eroza G C,Zoback M D.M echan ism d ivers ity of Lom aP rieta aftershocks and the m echan ics of m a inshock-aftershock in teraction[J].Sc ience,1993,259:210-213.
[31]K ilb D,E llis M,G om berg J,et a l.O n the orig in of d ive-rse aftershock m echan ism s fo llow ing the 1989 Lom aP rieta earthquake[J].G eophys J In t,1997,128:557-570.
[32]H ardebeck J L,N azareth J J,H auksson E.T he static st-ress change triggering m ode l:Constra in ts from tw osou thern C a liforn ia aftershock sequences[J].J G eophysR es,1998,103:24427-24437.
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