高分辨率断层落差图的基本原理及其应用
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摘要
高分辨率断层落差图(简称T-Z图,T表示断层落差,Z表示深度)作为一种相对较新的技术,其最初的发展是用于生长构造的二维地震分析,目前,在国外已广泛应用于研究构造的活动规律和形成机制。T-Z图来源于经时深转换的高分辨率地震资料,由沉积地层的落差与断层上盘所在深度的比值组成,简单地说,就是断层落差与深度的二维折线图,图上坡度的形态和变化特征直接暗示了断层的活动性质。以T-Z图的变化特征为基础,结合地震、钻井等各种基础地质资料,可以有效地查明断层的活动特征和相互关系,鉴别不同类型的断裂构造。随着三维地震解释精度的不断提高及大量实践经验的证实,现已普遍认为,T-Z图在研究生长构造的活动规律方面是一种非常有效的方法。
High resolusion fault throw plot(T-Z plot for short) is a relatively new technique which has been initially developed for the 2D seismic analysis of growth structures.At present,it is used widely for the study of the rules and mechanism of tectonic activity at abroad.T-Z plot is derived from high resolution seismic data through time-depth conversion and it consists of the ratios vertical throw of sedimentary strata and the depth associated in upper wall.In brief,it is the 2D polygonal line plot of fault throw and depth.And the shapes and change characteristics of slope gradient straightly imply the active properties of fault.Based on the change characteristics of T-Z plot,the combination of seismic,drilling and other basic geological data can effectively find out the active characteristics and correlations of faults,distinguishing the various types of faulted structures.With the increasing improvement of 3D seismic interpretation and a great deal of practical experiences,it is considered as an effective way in the research of activity rules of growth structure.
High resolusion fault throw plot(T-Z plot for short) is a relatively new technique which has been initially developed for the 2D seismic analysis of growth structures.At present,it is used widely for the study of the rules and mechanism of tectonic activity at abroad.T-Z plot is derived from high resolution seismic data through time-depth conversion and it consists of the ratios vertical throw of sedimentary strata and the depth associated in upper wall.In brief,it is the 2D polygonal line plot of fault throw and depth.And the shapes and change characteristics of slope gradient straightly imply the active properties of fault.Based on the change characteristics of T-Z plot,the combination of seismic,drilling and other basic geological data can effectively find out the active characteristics and correlations of faults,distinguishing the various types of faulted structures.With the increasing improvement of 3D seismic interpretation and a great deal of practical experiences,it is considered as an effective way in the research of activity rules of growth structure.
引文
[1]Mansfield C S,Cartwright J A.High resolution displacement mappingfrom 3-D seismic data[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18(2/3):249-263.
[2]Tearpock D J,Bischke R E.Applied subsurface geological mapping[M].New York:Prentice-Hall,1991.
[3]Susanna K Taylor,Andrew Nicol,John J Walsh.Displacement loss ongrowth faults due to sediment compaction[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2008,30(3):394-405.
[4]Sebastien Castelltort,Stephane Pochat,Jean Van Den Driessche.UsingT-Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations fromgrowth strata[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(8):1425-1432.
[5]Worrall D M,Snelson S.Evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico[C]//Bally A W,Palmer A R.The geology of North America—An overview.Colorado:Geological Society of America,1989.
[6]Berryhill H L J.Late Quaternary facies and structure,northern Gulf ofMexico[C].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology,1987.
[7]Edwards M B.Differential subsidence and preservation potential ofshallow-water Tertiary sequences,northern Gulf Coast Basin,USA[C]//Plint A G.Sedimentary facies analysis.Houston:International Houston Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,1995.
[8]Joe Cartwright,Renaud Bouroullec,David James,et al.Polycyclicmotion history of some Gulf Coast growth faults from high-resolutiondisplacement analysis[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,26(9):819-822.
[9]Catherine Baudon,Joe Cartwright.The kinematics of reactivation ofnormal faults using high resolution throw mapping[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2008,30(8):1072-1084.
[10]Watterson J.Fault dimensions,displacements and growth[J].Pureand Applied Geophysics,1986,124(1/2):365-373.
[11]Catherine Baudon,Joe A Cartwright.3D seismic characterisation of anarray of blind normal faults in the Levant Basin,Eastern Mediterranean[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,30(6):746-760.
[2]Tearpock D J,Bischke R E.Applied subsurface geological mapping[M].New York:Prentice-Hall,1991.
[3]Susanna K Taylor,Andrew Nicol,John J Walsh.Displacement loss ongrowth faults due to sediment compaction[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2008,30(3):394-405.
[4]Sebastien Castelltort,Stephane Pochat,Jean Van Den Driessche.UsingT-Z plots as a graphical method to infer lithological variations fromgrowth strata[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26(8):1425-1432.
[5]Worrall D M,Snelson S.Evolution of the northern Gulf of Mexico[C]//Bally A W,Palmer A R.The geology of North America—An overview.Colorado:Geological Society of America,1989.
[6]Berryhill H L J.Late Quaternary facies and structure,northern Gulf ofMexico[C].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology,1987.
[7]Edwards M B.Differential subsidence and preservation potential ofshallow-water Tertiary sequences,northern Gulf Coast Basin,USA[C]//Plint A G.Sedimentary facies analysis.Houston:International Houston Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication,1995.
[8]Joe Cartwright,Renaud Bouroullec,David James,et al.Polycyclicmotion history of some Gulf Coast growth faults from high-resolutiondisplacement analysis[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1998,26(9):819-822.
[9]Catherine Baudon,Joe Cartwright.The kinematics of reactivation ofnormal faults using high resolution throw mapping[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2008,30(8):1072-1084.
[10]Watterson J.Fault dimensions,displacements and growth[J].Pureand Applied Geophysics,1986,124(1/2):365-373.
[11]Catherine Baudon,Joe A Cartwright.3D seismic characterisation of anarray of blind normal faults in the Levant Basin,Eastern Mediterranean[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,30(6):746-760.
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