首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究
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摘要
本研究使用首都圈数字地震台网2002年01月-2003年12月的波形记录资料,采用SAM方法,进行了剪切波分裂的分析,得到首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性的初步结果.根据对有3条以上可靠记录的14个台站的统计分析,得到首都圈西北部地区的剪切波分裂的统计平均结果为:快剪切波平均偏振方向为NE69.9°±44.5°,慢剪切波平均时间延迟为4.44±2.93(ms/km).研究认为,NE69.9°±44.5°的快剪切波平均偏振方向暗示了该区域的水平主压应力方向,快剪切波偏振方向的第一优势取向揭示了NWW近E-W方向的原地水平主压应力的构造意义,凸现了NWW向的张家口—蓬莱断陷带.通过快剪切波偏振方向,本研究进一步证实,位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振方向的优势取向与断裂走向一致,认为南口—孙河断裂和夏垫断裂是两个活动断裂,而八宝山断裂可能是个并不太活跃的活动断裂.华北盆地里的快剪切波偏振方向显示出复杂的分布特征,对应了盆地凹陷区里许多断裂互相交汇造成区域主压应力场受到局部调整的复杂图像.研究还认为慢剪切波时间延迟急剧的梯度变化可能与地壳深部的温度变化有关联.
Seismic anisotropy is obtained in the crust in northwestern capital area by shear-wave splitting analysis,using the SAM technique.The seismic data was recorded by the Capital Area Seismic Network from Jan.2002 to Dec.2003.The results at 14 stations in all,every of which has at least 3 records available,are statistically discussed in this paper.The statistical results show that the average polarization of fast shear-waves is at NE69.9°±44.5° and the time delay of slow shear-waves is 4.44±2.93(ms/km).The average polarization of fast shear-waves of NE69.9°±44.5° suggests the direction of maximum horizontal principal compressive stress in this area.The most predominant polarization direction of fast shear-wave suggests the tectonic implication of horizontal principal compressive stress at the direction NWW or nearly E-to-W,which expose the Zhangjiakou-Penglai depression fault zones with strike NWW.According to the polarization of fast shear-wave,this study verifies that the predominant polarizations of fast shear-wave at stations on active faults are consistent with fault strike.Possibly,both the Nankou-Sunhe fault and Xiadian fault are two active faults while the Babaoshan fault is possibly a less active fault.The polarizations of fast shear-wave in the North China Basin show the complexity,consistent with the complicated pattern of regional principal compressive stress varying locally,induced by many faults crossing in the depression zone within the basin.This study also suggests that the quick change of time delays of slow shear-waves is possibly related to the temperature change in deep crust.
Seismic anisotropy is obtained in the crust in northwestern capital area by shear-wave splitting analysis,using the SAM technique.The seismic data was recorded by the Capital Area Seismic Network from Jan.2002 to Dec.2003.The results at 14 stations in all,every of which has at least 3 records available,are statistically discussed in this paper.The statistical results show that the average polarization of fast shear-waves is at NE69.9°±44.5° and the time delay of slow shear-waves is 4.44±2.93(ms/km).The average polarization of fast shear-waves of NE69.9°±44.5° suggests the direction of maximum horizontal principal compressive stress in this area.The most predominant polarization direction of fast shear-wave suggests the tectonic implication of horizontal principal compressive stress at the direction NWW or nearly E-to-W,which expose the Zhangjiakou-Penglai depression fault zones with strike NWW.According to the polarization of fast shear-wave,this study verifies that the predominant polarizations of fast shear-wave at stations on active faults are consistent with fault strike.Possibly,both the Nankou-Sunhe fault and Xiadian fault are two active faults while the Babaoshan fault is possibly a less active fault.The polarizations of fast shear-wave in the North China Basin show the complexity,consistent with the complicated pattern of regional principal compressive stress varying locally,induced by many faults crossing in the depression zone within the basin.This study also suggests that the quick change of time delays of slow shear-waves is possibly related to the temperature change in deep crust.
引文
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[2]徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,2002Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,et al.New Crustal StructureMotion and Earthquake in Capital Area(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2002
[3]许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492-501Xu Z H.A present-day tectonic stress map for Eastern Asia region.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2001,23(5):492-501
[4]张国民,马宏生,王辉,李丽.中国大陆活动地块与强震活动关系.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(7):591-599Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,Li L.The relation between activeblocks and strong earthquakes in China.Science in China(Seri.D)(in Chinese),2004,34(7):591-599
[5]段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):362-369Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three-dimensional finite-difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crust in NorthChina.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):362-369
[6]黄金莉,赵大鹏.首都圈地区地壳三唯P波速度细结构与强震孕育的深部构造环境.科学通报,2005,50(4):348-355Huang J L,Zhao D P.Three dimensional P wave velocity tomographyand deep structure related to strong earthquake in Capital area.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),2005,50(4):348-355
[7]嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运等.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1316-1324Jia S X,Qi C,Wang F Y,et al.Three-dimensional crustal griddedstructure of the Capital area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1316-1324
[8]王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):359-366Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,et al.Fine tomographic inversionof the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2):359-366
[9]Crampin S.A review of wave motion in anisotropic and crackedelastic-media.Wave Motion,1981,3:343-391
[10]Fukao Y.Evidence from core-reflected shear wave anisotropy in theearth mantle.Nature,1984,309:695-698
[11]Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid:polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic.Geophys.J.R.astr.Soc.,1978,53:467-496
[12]姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,1992,35(3):305-315Yao C,Wang P D,Chen Y T.Shear wave polarization and uppercrustal crack anisotropy in Lulong.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1992,35(3):305-315
[13]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17(3):283-293Gao Y,Zheng S H,Sun Y.Crustal crack anisotropy in Tangshan.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,17(3):283-293
[14]高原,郑斯华,王培德.海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(2):221-232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Wang P D.Shear wave splitting of smallearthquakes in 1992 in Hainan Dongfang area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1996,39(2):221-232
[15]王椿镛,丁志峰,陈学波等.大别造山带地壳S波分裂和介质各向异性.科学通报,1997,42(23):2539-2542Wang C Y,Ding Z F,Chen X B,et al.Shear wave splitting andanisotropy in the crust of Dabie Mountain Belt.Chinese ScienceBulletin(in Chinese),1997,42(23):2539-2542
[16]Zatsepin S V,Crampin S.Modelling the compliance of crustal rock:I-Response of shear-wave splitting to differential stress.Geophys.J.Int.,1997,129:477-494
[17]Crampin S,Zatsepin S V.Modelling the compliance of crustal rock-Ⅱ.Response to temporal changes before earthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,1997,129:495-506
[18]Gao Y,Wang P D,Zheng S H,et al.Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in 1992 nearDongfang,Hainan Island,southern China.Geophys.J.Int.,1998,135(1):102-112
[19]Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation beforeearthquakes.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,157(2):578-582
[20]高原,梁维,丁香等.云南2001年施甸地震的剪切波分裂参数变化特征.地震学报,2004,26(6):576-582Gao Y,Liang W,Ding X,et al.Shear wave splitting of ShidianEarthquake 2001 in Yunnan.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,26(6):576-582
[21]Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S,et al.Indication of high pore-fluidpressures in a seismically-active fault zone.Geophys.J.Int.,2002,151:F1-F5
[22]Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy alongthe Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian fault.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,159:253-274
[23]石玉涛,高原,吴晶等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性-快剪切波偏振特性的初步研究.地震学报,2006,28(6):574-585Shi Y T,Gao Y,Wu J,et al.Seismic anisotropy in crust inYunnan-preliminary study on polarization of fast shear wave.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(6):574-585
[24]高原,郑斯华,周蕙兰.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图像及其变化.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):228-232Gao Y,Zheng S H,Zhou H L.Polarization patterns of fast shearwave in Tangshan region and their variations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):228-232
[25]雷军,王培德,姚陈,陈运泰.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):791-801Lei J,Wang P D,Yao C,Chen Y T.Near field shear wavecharacteristics and its relation with structure in Jianchuan,Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(6):791-801
[26]马文涛,徐锡伟,于贵华,张兰凤.首都圈地区的地震活动性与断裂的关系.地震地质,2004,26(2):293-304Ma W T,Xu X W,Yu G H,Zhang L F.The relationship betweenseismic activity and fault activity in Beijing region.Seismology andGeology(in Chinese),2004,26(2):293-304
[27]张家声,劳秋元.华北地台基底构造与地震活动性关系.见:近期强震危险性研究.北京:地震出版社,1989.39-41Zhang J S,Lao Q Y.The relation between platform basementstructure and seismic activities in North China.In:Research onRecent Strong Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,1989.39-41
[28]唐方头.华北地块近期构造变形和强震活动特征研究(博士论文).北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003,1-152Tang F T.Study on the characteristics of recent tectonic deformationand earthquake activity in North China(Ph.D.thesis)(inChinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology,China EarthquakeAdministration,2003,1-152
[29]中国地震局分析预报中心.首都圈台网技术报告.首都圈防震减灾示范区系统工程项目单项工程验收材料(编号SSD-0-1),2002Center for Analysis and Prediction,China EarthquakeAdministration.Technology report of Capital Area Seismic Network.The documents of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation systemengineering project(Number:SSD-0-1)(in Chinese),2002
[30]庄灿涛.首都圈数字地震遥测台网的技术构成.地震地磁观测与研究,1999,20(5):23-28Zhuang C T.Technical composition of the digital telemetry seismicnetwork in Capital Zone.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observationand Research(in Chinese),1999,20(5):23-28
[31]高原,刘希强,梁维,郝平.剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统.中国地震,2004,20(1):101-107Gao Y,Liu X Q,Liang W,Hao P.Systematic analysis method ofshear-wave splitting:SAM software system.Earthquake Research inChina(in Chinese),2004,20(1):101-107
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