再论库车克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型
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摘要
从构造生长方式、冲断序列、盐聚集以及深浅层构造的叠置关系探讨克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型。地震反射资料表明,克拉苏深部构造南翼生长地层的褶皱枢纽由深至浅向北偏移,这些枢纽连线构成的生长轴面南倾,其北侧地层的厚度明显要比南侧薄,此种生长地层结构与基底卷入式构造和盐构造作用下的生长地层结构完全不同。通过对克拉2构造南北两侧断层的运动学分析,认为北侧断层首先向北逆冲形成了克拉2构造,然后被后期更强烈的南侧断层切割,造成克拉2构造逾千米的垂向抬升,由此产生"泵吸"效应使周围塑性岩层向断裂下盘流入和聚集。据此模式建立的克拉苏深部构造解释方案由古近系盐下和侏罗系煤下两套冲断系统组成,其中在盐下构造内部,被切割的克拉2构造的下半部分即是克深北背斜。克深北背斜带和侏罗系煤下冲断构造的发现,不仅拓宽了克拉苏构造带的勘探范围,也显示其尚有巨大的勘探潜力。图8参25
The character and interpretation model of deep structures in the Kelasu belt are discussed from growth strata,thrusting sequence,salt accumulation,and imbricate patterns between the shallow and deep structures.Seismic data shows that the fold hinges of growth strata in the south limb migrate toward north from deep to shallow,the growth axial surface connected along these fold hinges dips southward,and strata thickness in its south are thicker than that in the north.These characteristics of growth strata are completely different from that of basement-involved compressive structures and salt structures.By the kinematical simulation of faults on the southern and northern sides of the Kela-2 structure,the northern fault is considered to thrust northward and form Kela-2 structure firstly,and then be cut through by the southern fault.Strong thrusting of the southern fault caused the Kela-2 structure to uplift over one kilometer,and made the peripheral plastic rocks passively flow and accumulate in the footwall,this course is very similar to the pump suction.Based on this model,the sub-salt and sub-coal thrusting systems are interpreted in the deep Kelasu belt.In the sub-salt structural layer,the remaining lower part of Kela-2 structure in the footwall of its southern fault is the northern Keshen anticlinal belt.The discovery of the northern Keshen anticlinal belt and the Jurassic sub-coal thrusting structures greatly widens the exploration scope of the Kelasu belt,showing an enormous exploration potential.
The character and interpretation model of deep structures in the Kelasu belt are discussed from growth strata,thrusting sequence,salt accumulation,and imbricate patterns between the shallow and deep structures.Seismic data shows that the fold hinges of growth strata in the south limb migrate toward north from deep to shallow,the growth axial surface connected along these fold hinges dips southward,and strata thickness in its south are thicker than that in the north.These characteristics of growth strata are completely different from that of basement-involved compressive structures and salt structures.By the kinematical simulation of faults on the southern and northern sides of the Kela-2 structure,the northern fault is considered to thrust northward and form Kela-2 structure firstly,and then be cut through by the southern fault.Strong thrusting of the southern fault caused the Kela-2 structure to uplift over one kilometer,and made the peripheral plastic rocks passively flow and accumulate in the footwall,this course is very similar to the pump suction.Based on this model,the sub-salt and sub-coal thrusting systems are interpreted in the deep Kelasu belt.In the sub-salt structural layer,the remaining lower part of Kela-2 structure in the footwall of its southern fault is the northern Keshen anticlinal belt.The discovery of the northern Keshen anticlinal belt and the Jurassic sub-coal thrusting structures greatly widens the exploration scope of the Kelasu belt,showing an enormous exploration potential.
引文
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[2]Dahlstrom C D A.Geometric constraints derived from the law ofconservation of volume and applied to evolutionary models fordetachment folding[J].AAPG Bulletin,1969,74:336-344.
[3]Boyer S E,Elliot D.Thrust systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,1982,66:1196-1230.
[4]卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):257-271.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,Jia Dong,et al.Features of the thrustwedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(3):257-271.
[5]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带造山运动时间、断层滑移速率的厘定及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):12-15.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Orogeny timing andfault-slip rate and their significance to the rejuvenated forelandthrusts belt of Kuqa[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2000,27(1):12-15.
[6]雷刚林,张国伟,刘志宏.库车前陆逆冲带生长地层及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(2):107-110.Lei Ganglin,Zhang Guowei,Liu Zhihong.The growth formation ofKuqa foreland overthrust belt and its application in oil-gas exploration[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(2):107-110.
[7]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816-835.Lei Ganglin,Xie Huiwen,Zhang Jingzhou,et al.Structural featuresand natural gas exploration in Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):816-835.
[8]余一欣,马宝军,汤良杰,等.库车坳陷西段盐构造形成主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(1):23-27.Yu Yixin,Ma Baojun,Tang Liangjie,et al.Major factorscontrolling salt structures in western Kuqa Depression,TarimBasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(1):23-27.
[9]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):17-25.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Jia Chengzao,et al.A large-scale saltnappe complex in the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim basin,northwest China[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2004,78(1):17-25.
[10]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):49-56.Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,et al.Analysis of structuremodel and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqadepression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):49-56.
[11]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[12]Medwedeff D A.Growth fault-bend folding at southeast LostHills,San Joaquin Valley,California[J].American Associationof Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1989,73:54-67.
[13]Suppe J,Medwedeff D.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1990,83(3):409-454.
[14]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rates of folding and faultingdetermined from growth strata[A].McClay K R.ThrustTectonics[C].Londoy:Chapman&Hall,1992.105-121.
[15]Narr W,Suppe J.Kinematics of basement-involved compressivestructures[J].American Journal of Science,1994,294:802-860.
[16]Shaw J H,Hook S C,Suppe J.Structural trend analysis by axialsurface mapping[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):700-721.
[17]Shaw J H,Suppe J.Earthquake hazards of active blind-thrustfaults under the central Los Angeles basin,California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101:8623-8642.
[18]Poblet J,McClay K R,Storti F,et al.Geometries of syntectonicsediments associated with single layer detachment folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19:369-381.
[19]Shaw J H,Bilotte F,Brennan P A.Patterns of imbricatethrusting[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999,111(7):1140-1154.
[20]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation ofcontractional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,2005.1-156.
[21]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):725-744.Guan Shuwei,Li Benliang,He Dengfa,et al.Late Cenozoicactive fold-and-thrust belts in the Southern and Northern flanks ofTianshan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(6):725-744.
[22]Boyer S E.Geometric evidence for synchronous thrusting in thesouthern Alberta and northwest Montana thrust belts[A].McClay K R.Thrust tectonics[C].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.377-390.
[23]Morley C K.Out-of-sequence thrusts[J].Tectonics,1988,7(3):539-561.
[24]雷刚林,张敬洲,程华,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带风险目标克深2井井位论证[R].库尔勒:塔里木油田公司,2007.Lei Ganglin,Zhang Jingzhou,Cheng Hua,et al.Well locationdemonstration of Keshen 2 risk target in Kelasu belt in Tarimbasin[R].Korla:Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,2007.
[25]陈全恩,熊韬,李先嗥,等.塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带克参1井完井地质总结报告[R].库尔勒:塔里木油田公司,1996.Chen Quan’en,Xiong Tao,Li Xianhao,et al.Well completionsummary geology report of Kecan 1 in Kelasu belt in Tarim basin[R].Korla:Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,1996.
[2]Dahlstrom C D A.Geometric constraints derived from the law ofconservation of volume and applied to evolutionary models fordetachment folding[J].AAPG Bulletin,1969,74:336-344.
[3]Boyer S E,Elliot D.Thrust systems[J].AAPG Bulletin,1982,66:1196-1230.
[4]卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):257-271.Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,Jia Dong,et al.Features of the thrustwedge of deformation belt in Kuqa rejuvenation foreland basin[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(3):257-271.
[5]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带造山运动时间、断层滑移速率的厘定及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):12-15.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Orogeny timing andfault-slip rate and their significance to the rejuvenated forelandthrusts belt of Kuqa[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2000,27(1):12-15.
[6]雷刚林,张国伟,刘志宏.库车前陆逆冲带生长地层及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(2):107-110.Lei Ganglin,Zhang Guowei,Liu Zhihong.The growth formation ofKuqa foreland overthrust belt and its application in oil-gas exploration[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(2):107-110.
[7]雷刚林,谢会文,张敬洲,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带构造特征及天然气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):816-835.Lei Ganglin,Xie Huiwen,Zhang Jingzhou,et al.Structural featuresand natural gas exploration in Kelasu structural belt,Kuqa depression[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2007,28(6):816-835.
[8]余一欣,马宝军,汤良杰,等.库车坳陷西段盐构造形成主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(1):23-27.Yu Yixin,Ma Baojun,Tang Liangjie,et al.Major factorscontrolling salt structures in western Kuqa Depression,TarimBasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(1):23-27.
[9]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):17-25.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Jia Chengzao,et al.A large-scale saltnappe complex in the leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim basin,northwest China[J].Acta GeologicaSinica,2004,78(1):17-25.
[10]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):49-56.Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,et al.Analysis of structuremodel and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqadepression[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):49-56.
[11]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[12]Medwedeff D A.Growth fault-bend folding at southeast LostHills,San Joaquin Valley,California[J].American Associationof Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1989,73:54-67.
[13]Suppe J,Medwedeff D.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,1990,83(3):409-454.
[14]Suppe J,Chou G T,Hook S C.Rates of folding and faultingdetermined from growth strata[A].McClay K R.ThrustTectonics[C].Londoy:Chapman&Hall,1992.105-121.
[15]Narr W,Suppe J.Kinematics of basement-involved compressivestructures[J].American Journal of Science,1994,294:802-860.
[16]Shaw J H,Hook S C,Suppe J.Structural trend analysis by axialsurface mapping[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(5):700-721.
[17]Shaw J H,Suppe J.Earthquake hazards of active blind-thrustfaults under the central Los Angeles basin,California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101:8623-8642.
[18]Poblet J,McClay K R,Storti F,et al.Geometries of syntectonicsediments associated with single layer detachment folds[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19:369-381.
[19]Shaw J H,Bilotte F,Brennan P A.Patterns of imbricatethrusting[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1999,111(7):1140-1154.
[20]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation ofcontractional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists,2005.1-156.
[21]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):725-744.Guan Shuwei,Li Benliang,He Dengfa,et al.Late Cenozoicactive fold-and-thrust belts in the Southern and Northern flanks ofTianshan[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(6):725-744.
[22]Boyer S E.Geometric evidence for synchronous thrusting in thesouthern Alberta and northwest Montana thrust belts[A].McClay K R.Thrust tectonics[C].London:Chapman&Hall,1992.377-390.
[23]Morley C K.Out-of-sequence thrusts[J].Tectonics,1988,7(3):539-561.
[24]雷刚林,张敬洲,程华,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带风险目标克深2井井位论证[R].库尔勒:塔里木油田公司,2007.Lei Ganglin,Zhang Jingzhou,Cheng Hua,et al.Well locationdemonstration of Keshen 2 risk target in Kelasu belt in Tarimbasin[R].Korla:Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,2007.
[25]陈全恩,熊韬,李先嗥,等.塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带克参1井完井地质总结报告[R].库尔勒:塔里木油田公司,1996.Chen Quan’en,Xiong Tao,Li Xianhao,et al.Well completionsummary geology report of Kecan 1 in Kelasu belt in Tarim basin[R].Korla:Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,1996.
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