首都圈地区横波分裂与地壳应力场特征
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摘要
利用宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定台网记录到的近震波形数据,研究了首都圈地区(38·6°N~41·0°N,115·0°E~119·7°E)的横波分裂,给出了快波偏振优势方向的场分布,讨论了首都圈地区的应力场特征.在此基础上,采用二维线弹性有限元数值模拟方法,探讨了断层不均匀滑动对区域构造应力场的影响.结果表明:(1)首都圈地区的应力场整体特征表现为NE向的背景应力场和受张家口-蓬莱断裂带控制的NW向的局部应力场;(2)在研究区域的西半部分和中部,最大主压应力方向为NE60°~70°,在唐山大震区及其东部区域,最大主压应力方向近WE向;(3)首都圈地区的局部应力场最大主压应力方向比较一致,基本上都与张家口-蓬莱断裂带走向平行,为120°~130°;(4)首都圈区域内断层的存在及其郴均匀滑动是研究区内出现大量局部应力场的一个重要原因,张家口-蓬莱断裂带对首都圈局部应力场起着重要的控制作用.
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the shear wave splitting caused by the medium cracks. In this study we investigate the S-wave splitting at the stations of the Capital Circle area from the local event data recorded by the permanent and movable seismic network. In this presentation we give the fast polarization directions and the maximal compressive stress direction at the stations in the Capital Circle. The 2_D numerical modeling in terms of the finite element technique demonstrates that the crustal stress field of the Capital Circle can be separated into the NE trending regional stress field and the NW trending local stress field controlled by the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults. The direction of the maximal principal compressive stress nearby Beijing and Tianjin is toward NE60°～70°, and that nearby Tangshan and its eastern side is toward the EW direction. For the local stress field, the direction of the maximal principal stress is toward 120°～130°, which is roughly parallel with the strike of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults. Our numerical modeling demonstrates that the local crustal stress field in the Capital Circle is caused mainly by the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults.
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the shear wave splitting caused by the medium cracks. In this study we investigate the S-wave splitting at the stations of the Capital Circle area from the local event data recorded by the permanent and movable seismic network. In this presentation we give the fast polarization directions and the maximal compressive stress direction at the stations in the Capital Circle. The 2_D numerical modeling in terms of the finite element technique demonstrates that the crustal stress field of the Capital Circle can be separated into the NE trending regional stress field and the NW trending local stress field controlled by the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults. The direction of the maximal principal compressive stress nearby Beijing and Tianjin is toward NE60°～70°, and that nearby Tangshan and its eastern side is toward the EW direction. For the local stress field, the direction of the maximal principal stress is toward 120°～130°, which is roughly parallel with the strike of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults. Our numerical modeling demonstrates that the local crustal stress field in the Capital Circle is caused mainly by the Zhangjiakou-Penglai faults.
引文
[1]李钦祖.华北地壳应力场的基本特征.地球物理学报,1980,23(4):376~387Li Q Z.The basic character of crustal stress field in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1980,23(4):376~387
[2]李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场.地震学报,1982,4(1):55~61Li QZ,Jin Y M,Yu XC.Focal mechanisms and crustal stressfield in north China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1982,4(1):55~61
[3]崔效锋,谢富仁.1976年唐山地震前后华北地区现代构造应力场的时空变化特征.中国地震,2001,17(3):280~288Cui X F,Xie F R.The space-time variations of present tectonic stress field in North China before and after1976Tangshanearthquake.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2001,17(3):280~288
[4]郭良迁.断层活动应力轴的确定及首都圈应力场.东北地震研究,1998,14(3):50~57Guo L Q.Determinatingstress axis of fault activity and stressfield of Capital Circle.Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese),1998,14(3):50~57
[5]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.科学出版社,2002Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,et al.New Changing of Crustal Tectonic and Earthquakes in Capital Circal(in Chinese).Science Press,2002
[6]Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a crack solid:polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1978,53(3):467~496
[7]Crampin S.Geological and industrial implications of extensive—dilatancy anisotropy.Nature,1987,328:491~496
[8]姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,1992,35(3):305~315Yao C,Wang P D,Chen Y T.Shear-wave polarization and crack induced anisotropyof upper crustin Lulong,north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(3):305~315
[9]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区剪切波分裂和地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17(3):283~293Gao Y,Zheng S H,Sun Y.Crack-induced anisotropy in the crust fromshear wave splitting observedin Tangshanregion,North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,17(3):283~293
[10]雷军,王培德,姚陈等.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):791~801Lei J,Wang P D,Yao C,et al.The near-field shear wave splitting and its relation with structure in Jianchuan,Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(6):791~801
[11]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):83~92Lai Y G,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Features of the shear-wave splitting and stress field in the Xinjiang-Jishi strong earthquake region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(1):83~92
[12]高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.地震出版社,1993Gao W X,Ma J.Seismo-Geological Background and Earthquake Hazardin Beijing Area.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[13]徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震构造序列的初步探讨.地震地质,1998,20(2):146~154Xu J,Song C Q,Chu QZ.Preliminary study onthe seismo-tectonic characters of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1998,20(2):146~154
[14]Liu E,Crampin S.Effects of the internal shear wave window:comparison with anisotropyinduced splitting.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1990,95:11275~11282
[15]Evans R.Effects of the free surface on shear-wave trains.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1984,76(1):165~172
[16]Booth D C,Crampin S.Shear-wave polarizations on a curved wavefront at anisotropic free-surface.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1985,83(1):31~45
[17]Chen TC,Booth D C,Crampin S.Shear-wave polarization near the North Anatolian Fault-III,observations of temporal changes.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1987,91(2):287~311
[18]Bowman R J,Ando M.Shear-wave splitting in the upper mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1987,88(1):25~41
[19]Melosh H J,Raefsky A.A simple and efficient method for introducingfaults intofinite element computations.BSSA,1981,71(5):1391~1400
[20]宋惠珍,兰印刚,徐鹏飞等.1303年洪洞8级地震震源过程研究.地震地质,1995,17(1):13~24Song HZ,Lan YG,Xu PF,et al.Analysis of Hongdong1303M8earthquake processes.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(1):13~24
[21]刘洁,宋惠珍.低速体与深浅断裂共同孕震过程的数值模拟初步研究.地震地质,2002,24(3):355~367LiuJ,Song HZ.Anumerical simulation of seismogenic process of lowvelocity body and deep and shallowactive faults.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(3):355~367
[22]刘洁,宋惠珍.用数值模拟方法评估华北北部地震危险性.地震地质,1999,21(3):221~228LiuJ,Song HZ.Estimation of earthquake risk for northern North China by numerical modeling.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(3):221~228
[23]刘昌铨,刘明军,嘉世旭.利用华北北部深部地球物理资料数值模拟地壳应力场.地震学报,1998,20(3):240~249Liu C Q,Liu MJ,Jia S X.Simulationthe North China crustal stress fields using geophysical data.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese)1998,20(3):240~249
[24]陈连旺,陆远忠,张杰等.华北地区三维构造应力场.地震学报,1999,21(2):140~149Chen L W,Lu Y Z,Zhang J,et al.3_D tectonic stress fields of North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1999,21(2):140~149
[25]邓起东,张裕明,许桂林,范福田.中国构造应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震地质,1979,1(1):11~22Deng QD,Zhang Y M,Xu G L,Fan F T.On the tectonic stress fieldin China and its relation to plate movement.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1979,1(1):11~22
[26]刘洁,宋惠珍,巫映祥,刘贵梅.倾斜断层深部不均匀滑动的反演计算.地震地质,1995,17(1):25~31LiuJ,Song HZ,Wu Y X,Liu G M.Inversion of deep slip of inclined-fault from geodetic data.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(1):25~31
[2]李钦祖,靳雅敏,于新昌.华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场.地震学报,1982,4(1):55~61Li QZ,Jin Y M,Yu XC.Focal mechanisms and crustal stressfield in north China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1982,4(1):55~61
[3]崔效锋,谢富仁.1976年唐山地震前后华北地区现代构造应力场的时空变化特征.中国地震,2001,17(3):280~288Cui X F,Xie F R.The space-time variations of present tectonic stress field in North China before and after1976Tangshanearthquake.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2001,17(3):280~288
[4]郭良迁.断层活动应力轴的确定及首都圈应力场.东北地震研究,1998,14(3):50~57Guo L Q.Determinatingstress axis of fault activity and stressfield of Capital Circle.Seismological Research of Northeast China(in Chinese),1998,14(3):50~57
[5]徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.科学出版社,2002Xu X W,Wu W M,Zhang X K,et al.New Changing of Crustal Tectonic and Earthquakes in Capital Circal(in Chinese).Science Press,2002
[6]Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a crack solid:polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1978,53(3):467~496
[7]Crampin S.Geological and industrial implications of extensive—dilatancy anisotropy.Nature,1987,328:491~496
[8]姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性.地球物理学报,1992,35(3):305~315Yao C,Wang P D,Chen Y T.Shear-wave polarization and crack induced anisotropyof upper crustin Lulong,north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1992,35(3):305~315
[9]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区剪切波分裂和地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17(3):283~293Gao Y,Zheng S H,Sun Y.Crack-induced anisotropy in the crust fromshear wave splitting observedin Tangshanregion,North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1995,17(3):283~293
[10]雷军,王培德,姚陈等.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系.地球物理学报,1997,40(6):791~801Lei J,Wang P D,Yao C,et al.The near-field shear wave splitting and its relation with structure in Jianchuan,Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40(6):791~801
[11]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征.地球物理学报,2002,45(1):83~92Lai Y G,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Features of the shear-wave splitting and stress field in the Xinjiang-Jishi strong earthquake region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(1):83~92
[12]高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.地震出版社,1993Gao W X,Ma J.Seismo-Geological Background and Earthquake Hazardin Beijing Area.Beijing:Seismological Press,1993
[13]徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震构造序列的初步探讨.地震地质,1998,20(2):146~154Xu J,Song C Q,Chu QZ.Preliminary study onthe seismo-tectonic characters of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1998,20(2):146~154
[14]Liu E,Crampin S.Effects of the internal shear wave window:comparison with anisotropyinduced splitting.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1990,95:11275~11282
[15]Evans R.Effects of the free surface on shear-wave trains.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1984,76(1):165~172
[16]Booth D C,Crampin S.Shear-wave polarizations on a curved wavefront at anisotropic free-surface.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1985,83(1):31~45
[17]Chen TC,Booth D C,Crampin S.Shear-wave polarization near the North Anatolian Fault-III,observations of temporal changes.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1987,91(2):287~311
[18]Bowman R J,Ando M.Shear-wave splitting in the upper mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1987,88(1):25~41
[19]Melosh H J,Raefsky A.A simple and efficient method for introducingfaults intofinite element computations.BSSA,1981,71(5):1391~1400
[20]宋惠珍,兰印刚,徐鹏飞等.1303年洪洞8级地震震源过程研究.地震地质,1995,17(1):13~24Song HZ,Lan YG,Xu PF,et al.Analysis of Hongdong1303M8earthquake processes.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(1):13~24
[21]刘洁,宋惠珍.低速体与深浅断裂共同孕震过程的数值模拟初步研究.地震地质,2002,24(3):355~367LiuJ,Song HZ.Anumerical simulation of seismogenic process of lowvelocity body and deep and shallowactive faults.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(3):355~367
[22]刘洁,宋惠珍.用数值模拟方法评估华北北部地震危险性.地震地质,1999,21(3):221~228LiuJ,Song HZ.Estimation of earthquake risk for northern North China by numerical modeling.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(3):221~228
[23]刘昌铨,刘明军,嘉世旭.利用华北北部深部地球物理资料数值模拟地壳应力场.地震学报,1998,20(3):240~249Liu C Q,Liu MJ,Jia S X.Simulationthe North China crustal stress fields using geophysical data.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese)1998,20(3):240~249
[24]陈连旺,陆远忠,张杰等.华北地区三维构造应力场.地震学报,1999,21(2):140~149Chen L W,Lu Y Z,Zhang J,et al.3_D tectonic stress fields of North China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1999,21(2):140~149
[25]邓起东,张裕明,许桂林,范福田.中国构造应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系.地震地质,1979,1(1):11~22Deng QD,Zhang Y M,Xu G L,Fan F T.On the tectonic stress fieldin China and its relation to plate movement.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1979,1(1):11~22
[26]刘洁,宋惠珍,巫映祥,刘贵梅.倾斜断层深部不均匀滑动的反演计算.地震地质,1995,17(1):25~31LiuJ,Song HZ,Wu Y X,Liu G M.Inversion of deep slip of inclined-fault from geodetic data.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(1):25~31
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