塔里木盆地主要断裂的地球物理特征及与天然地震的关系
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摘要
新疆塔里木盆地是中国最大的内陆盆地,地质构造上是周围被许多深大断裂所限制的稳定地块.塔里木盆地的地震发生是盆地与造山带耦合俯冲的结果,与盆地周缘的活动性深大断裂相关,是盆地扩张使盆地与山脉的结合带不断受到挤压产生脆性破裂引起的,构成盆地中部为稳定区、而盆地周围山脉为地震频繁区的格局.塔里木盆地的活动断裂主要发育于山体与盆地的过渡地带,而近两年这6次规模比较大的地震也都发生在西昆仑和南天山的山前俯冲带,据以往统计资料,塔里木盆地内所有地震数据中的85%是分布在塔西南和西南天山的南缘区域.本文通过分析认为,塔里木盆地地震的发生与大型的断裂构造相关.断裂构造在重力、磁力等地球物理场上特征明显,深部结构又容易被大地电磁测深、地震测深等物探方法揭示.通过综合地球物理方法,可以有效地研究断裂的平面展布特征及深部结构,对于研究天然地震带的展布和地震发生机制,具有一定的意义.
The Tarim Basin,the largest inland basin in China,is a stable block that is restricted by many deep faults around it.Earthquakes in the Tarim Basin have correlativity with the deep active faults,are the results of basin's expansion.A basin with mountains has combined with brittle fractures caused by squeezing;pose to stability in the middle of the basin,and earthquake-prone zones around the mountains.The major active faults in the Tarim basin developed close to the mountains,and the earthquakes of six times in the past two years have occurred in the West Kunlun subduction zone.According to previous statistics,85% of all seismic data in the Tarim Basin is located in the southwest Tianshan.Cenozoic tectonics is easy to be recognized in gravity and magnetic fields.And the deep structures are also easy to reveal by magnetotelluric exploration,seismic exploration and other geophysical methods.Based on the geophysical data analysis,the seismogenic tectonics in the Tarim Basin and their characteristics are expatiated in this article.There are clear differences in tectonics between the east and west in the basin,and earthquakes occurred in the western region,for which the interpretation can be obtained from the geophysical data.
The Tarim Basin,the largest inland basin in China,is a stable block that is restricted by many deep faults around it.Earthquakes in the Tarim Basin have correlativity with the deep active faults,are the results of basin's expansion.A basin with mountains has combined with brittle fractures caused by squeezing;pose to stability in the middle of the basin,and earthquake-prone zones around the mountains.The major active faults in the Tarim basin developed close to the mountains,and the earthquakes of six times in the past two years have occurred in the West Kunlun subduction zone.According to previous statistics,85% of all seismic data in the Tarim Basin is located in the southwest Tianshan.Cenozoic tectonics is easy to be recognized in gravity and magnetic fields.And the deep structures are also easy to reveal by magnetotelluric exploration,seismic exploration and other geophysical methods.Based on the geophysical data analysis,the seismogenic tectonics in the Tarim Basin and their characteristics are expatiated in this article.There are clear differences in tectonics between the east and west in the basin,and earthquakes occurred in the western region,for which the interpretation can be obtained from the geophysical data.
引文
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[6]肖安成,杨树峰,王清华,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):64~72.Xiao A C,Yang S F,Wang Q H,et al.Corresponding rela-tion of S-N-striking fault systems in the Bachu-Kalpin area,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese journal of geology,2002,37(sup):64~72.
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[8]许志琴,曾令森,杨经绥,等.走滑断裂、“挤压性盆-山构造”与油气资源关系的探讨[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(6):631~643.Xu Z Q,Zeng L S,Yang J S,et al.Role of large2 scalestrike2 sl ip faults in the formation of petroleum-bearing com-pressional basin-mountain range systems[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(6):631~643.
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[10]沈军,陈建波,王翠,等.2003年2月24日新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震发震构造[J].地震地质,2005,28(2):205~212.Shen J,Chen J B,Wang C,et al.The seismogenic tectonicsof the Ms 6.8 Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang Earthquake in Feb.24,2003[J].Seismology and geology,2005,28(2):205~212.
[11]肖安成,杨树峰,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区新生代断裂系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):79~85.Xiao A C,Yang S F,Li Y J,et al.A studying of Cenozoicfracture systems in Bachu-Kalpin area,Tarim Basin[J].Oiland gas geology,2005,26(1):79~85.
[12]何文渊,李江海.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37~43.He W Y,Li J H.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpinfault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37~43.
[13]李志海,王筱荣.2005年8月26日新疆墨玉5.4级地震序列[J].国际地震动态,2006,328(4):29~32.Li Z H,Wang X R.Seismic sequences of moyu earthquake(Ms 5.4)on Aug.26,2005 in Xinjiang[J].Recent Develop-ments in World Seismology,2006,328(4):29~32.
[14]高长林,叶德燎,张玉箴等.2003.塔里木中新生代盆地扩张和盆地俯冲与地幔柱[J].石油实验地质,25(6):661~678.Gao C L,Ye D L,Zhang Y J,et al.Extension and subduc-tion of the Meso-Cenozonic Tarim basin and their relationshipwith mantle plume[J].Petroleum geology and experiment,2003,25(6):661~678.
[15]王有学,W D Mooney,韩果花,袁学诚,姜枚.台湾-阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金-龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):98~105.Wang Y X,Mooney W D,Han G H,Yuan X C,Jiang M.Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Long-men mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):98~105.
[16]郑文衡,陆明勇.地震动态触发机制的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):115~122.Zheng W H,Lu M Y.A preliminary study on mechanism ofdynamic triggering of earthquakes[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):115~122.
[17]周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):123~131.Zhou S Y,Irikura K.Analysis on the reliability of the earth-quake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):123~131.
[18]王谦身,滕吉文,王光杰,徐亚.内蒙古阴山地区特异区域重磁场与深部构造[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):314~320.Wang Q S,Teng J W,Wang G J,Xu Y.The region gravityand magnetic anomaly fields and the deep structure in Yins-han mountains of inner Mongolia[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(2):314-320.
[19]王卫民,李丽,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2003年2月24日新疆伽师MS615级地震震源破裂过程研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):343~351.Wang W M,Li L,Zhao L F,Li J,Yao Z X.Ruptureprocess of Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake(MS 6.5)of Feb.24,2003[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(2):343~351.
[20]黄媛,杨建思,张天中.2003年新疆巴楚-伽师地震序列的双差法重新定位研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):162~169.Huang Y,Yang J S,Zhang T Z.Relocation of the Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake sequence in 2003 using the doub-le-difference location algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(1):162~169.
[21]马超,单新建.昆仑山MS8.1地震震源参数的多破裂段模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):428~437.Ma C,Shan X J.A multi-segment analytic modeling of hypo-central geometric characteristic parameters of the MS8.1earthquake at the Kunlun Mountains[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys,2006,49(2):428~437.
[22]杜学彬,马占虎,叶青,等.与强地震有关的视电阻率各向异性变化[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):93~100.Du X B,Ma Z H,Ye Q,et al.Anisotropic changes in appar-ent resistivity associated with strong earthquakes[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2006,21(1):93~100.
[23]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴,等.昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震前兆[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):340~344.Li J Z,Chen W S,Xia Y Q,et al.The precursors of Ms8.1earthquake occurred in west of mountain gap of Kunlun,Chi-na[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):340~344.
[2]邵辉成,刘华峰,岳珠峰.应用最优化模型分析活断层与地震的关系[J].地震地质,2006,28(3):405~410.Shao H C,Liu H F,Yue Z F.Analyzing the relation betweenearthquake and active fault based on the parameter optimiza-tion model[J].Seismology and geology,2006,28(3):405~410.
[3]李涛,王宗秀.塔里木盆地及邻区岩石圈拆离解耦与盆山格局关系的天然地震分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):125~136.Li T,Wang Z X.The lithospheric decoupling of the Tarim Ba-sin and surrounding orogenic belts and its relationship withbasin mountain patterns from the analysis of natural earth-quake[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):125~136.
[4]贾承造,魏国齐.“九五”期间塔里木盆地构造研究成果概述[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):11~14.Jia C Z,Wei G Q.The summary of the achievements on thetectonic researches in Tarim basin during the period of 9thFive Year Plan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(1):11~14.
[5]李曰俊,贾承造,胡世玲.塔里木盆地瓦基里塔格辉长岩40Ar-39Ar年龄及其意义[J].岩石学报,1999,15(04):594~599.LI Yue-jun,JIA-Chengzao,HU Shiling.The 40Ar-39Ar iso-topic age of Wajilitag gabbro in Tarim basin and its geologicalsignificance[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,1999,15(4):594~599.
[6]肖安成,杨树峰,王清华,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区南北向断裂系统的空间对应性研究[J].地质科学,2002,37(增刊):64~72.Xiao A C,Yang S F,Wang Q H,et al.Corresponding rela-tion of S-N-striking fault systems in the Bachu-Kalpin area,Tarim Basin[J].Chinese journal of geology,2002,37(sup):64~72.
[7]徐鸣洁,王良书,钟楷,等.塔里木盆地重磁场特征与基底结构分析[J].高校地质学报,2005,11(4):585~592.Xu M J,Wang L S,Zhong K,et al.Features of gravitationaland magnetic fields in the tarim basin and basement structureanalysis[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2005,11(4):585~592.
[8]许志琴,曾令森,杨经绥,等.走滑断裂、“挤压性盆-山构造”与油气资源关系的探讨[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(6):631~643.Xu Z Q,Zeng L S,Yang J S,et al.Role of large2 scalestrike2 sl ip faults in the formation of petroleum-bearing com-pressional basin-mountain range systems[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(6):631~643.
[9]柔洁,艾买提.乃买提.2005年2月15日新疆乌什6.2级地震的地震环境及强震加速度记录[J].国际地震动态,2005,315(3):19~22.Rou J,Aimaiti.Naimaiti.Seismic environment and accelera-tion record about the earthquake with MS 6.2 in Wushi ofXinjiang,China on Feb.15,2005[J].Recent Developmentsin World Seismology,2005,315(3):19~22.
[10]沈军,陈建波,王翠,等.2003年2月24日新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震发震构造[J].地震地质,2005,28(2):205~212.Shen J,Chen J B,Wang C,et al.The seismogenic tectonicsof the Ms 6.8 Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang Earthquake in Feb.24,2003[J].Seismology and geology,2005,28(2):205~212.
[11]肖安成,杨树峰,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—柯坪地区新生代断裂系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):79~85.Xiao A C,Yang S F,Li Y J,et al.A studying of Cenozoicfracture systems in Bachu-Kalpin area,Tarim Basin[J].Oiland gas geology,2005,26(1):79~85.
[12]何文渊,李江海.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37~43.He W Y,Li J H.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpinfault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37~43.
[13]李志海,王筱荣.2005年8月26日新疆墨玉5.4级地震序列[J].国际地震动态,2006,328(4):29~32.Li Z H,Wang X R.Seismic sequences of moyu earthquake(Ms 5.4)on Aug.26,2005 in Xinjiang[J].Recent Develop-ments in World Seismology,2006,328(4):29~32.
[14]高长林,叶德燎,张玉箴等.2003.塔里木中新生代盆地扩张和盆地俯冲与地幔柱[J].石油实验地质,25(6):661~678.Gao C L,Ye D L,Zhang Y J,et al.Extension and subduc-tion of the Meso-Cenozonic Tarim basin and their relationshipwith mantle plume[J].Petroleum geology and experiment,2003,25(6):661~678.
[15]王有学,W D Mooney,韩果花,袁学诚,姜枚.台湾-阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金-龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):98~105.Wang Y X,Mooney W D,Han G H,Yuan X C,Jiang M.Crustal P-wave velocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Long-men mountains along the Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):98~105.
[16]郑文衡,陆明勇.地震动态触发机制的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):115~122.Zheng W H,Lu M Y.A preliminary study on mechanism ofdynamic triggering of earthquakes[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):115~122.
[17]周仕勇,Irikura K.近震源地震波波形资料反演震源破裂过程的可靠性分析[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):123~131.Zhou S Y,Irikura K.Analysis on the reliability of the earth-quake rupture process inferred from near source waveforms[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(1):123~131.
[18]王谦身,滕吉文,王光杰,徐亚.内蒙古阴山地区特异区域重磁场与深部构造[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):314~320.Wang Q S,Teng J W,Wang G J,Xu Y.The region gravityand magnetic anomaly fields and the deep structure in Yins-han mountains of inner Mongolia[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(2):314-320.
[19]王卫民,李丽,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2003年2月24日新疆伽师MS615级地震震源破裂过程研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):343~351.Wang W M,Li L,Zhao L F,Li J,Yao Z X.Ruptureprocess of Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake(MS 6.5)of Feb.24,2003[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2005,48(2):343~351.
[20]黄媛,杨建思,张天中.2003年新疆巴楚-伽师地震序列的双差法重新定位研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(1):162~169.Huang Y,Yang J S,Zhang T Z.Relocation of the Bachu-Jiashi,Xinjiang earthquake sequence in 2003 using the doub-le-difference location algorithm[J].Chinese J.Geophys,2006,49(1):162~169.
[21]马超,单新建.昆仑山MS8.1地震震源参数的多破裂段模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):428~437.Ma C,Shan X J.A multi-segment analytic modeling of hypo-central geometric characteristic parameters of the MS8.1earthquake at the Kunlun Mountains[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys,2006,49(2):428~437.
[22]杜学彬,马占虎,叶青,等.与强地震有关的视电阻率各向异性变化[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):93~100.Du X B,Ma Z H,Ye Q,et al.Anisotropic changes in appar-ent resistivity associated with strong earthquakes[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2006,21(1):93~100.
[23]李均之,陈维升,夏雅琴,等.昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震前兆[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):340~344.Li J Z,Chen W S,Xia Y Q,et al.The precursors of Ms8.1earthquake occurred in west of mountain gap of Kunlun,Chi-na[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):340~344.
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