南海北部沉积层和地壳内低速层的分布与识别
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摘要
与构造活动密切相关的低速层一直是地球物理学家关注的焦点,随着我国南海北部海域海底地震仪与海陆联合地震探测的发展,完成的6条测线解释结果初步揭示了该区地壳结构特征,展现了低速层的分布情况．在南海北部共有5处发现速度倒转现象,其中3处发现于莺歌海盆地和珠江口盆地,属于沉积层中的低速层,其特征深度一般为2．0—6．0 km、速度2．5—3．0 km·s~(-1)、厚度为2．0—4．6 km,由于埋深较浅,可以利用折射震相与反射震相相结合的方法辨识低速层．其余2处位于南海东北部与西北部的海陆过渡带处,属于壳内低速层,其特征深度一般为7．0—18．0 km、速度为5．5—6．0 km·s~(-1)、厚度为3．0—6．0 km,由于埋深较大,难以接收到低速层底界面的反射波,而采用低速层走时间断的特性进行辨识．并结合其他学科的研究成果,初步探讨了不同深度低速层的构造成因,为南海形成演化理论提供了科学依据．
引文
1)Wu SM,Qiu XL,Zeng GP,et al,Crustal Structure beneath the Yinggehai Basin and adjacent Hainan Island,and its tectonic implication,Deep Sea Research,accepted
1)见第471页脚注1
1)见第471页脚注1
2)南海西北部地壳深部结构的广角地震探测与研究总结报告,中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重点项目(KZ952-S1-416),中国科学院南海海洋研究所,2000
1 Zorin Yu A,Mordvinova VV,Turutanov E Kh,et al.Low seis- mic velocity layers in the Earth's crust beneath Eastern Siberia (Russia)and Central Mongolia:Receive function data and their possible geological implication.Tectonophysics,2002,359: 307—327
2 Lin CH,Huang BS,Rau R.Seimological evidence for a low-ve- locity layer within the subducted slab of southern Taiwan.Earht and Planetary Science Letters,1999,174:231—240
3 Schmitz M,Heinsohn WD,Schiling FR.Seismic,gravity and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath the thickened Cen- tral Andean crust(21o—23oS).Tectomphysics,1997,270: 313—326
4杨晓松,马瑾,张先进．大陆壳内低速层成因综述．地质科技情报,2003,22(1):35—41
5李扬鉴,张星亮,陈延成．大陆层控构造论-盆-山系与造山带成因及演化新模式．化工矿业地质,1996,18(3):149—155
6徐克定．中国南方大陆岩石圈结构分析．海相油气地质,2000, 2(2):31—46
7王泽利,何樵登,孟令顺．青藏高原北缘深部地壳结构特征及其形成机制探讨．世界地质,2002,21(2):105—116
8熊绍柏,刘宏兵．浙皖地区地壳-上地幔结构和华南与扬子块体边界．地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):13—17
9周永胜,何昌荣．华北地区壳内低速层与地壳流变的关系及其对强震孕育的影响．地震地质,2002,24(1):124—132
10 Zhang Z,Jose B,Li Y,et al.Crust-upper mantle seismic veloci- ty structure across southeastern China.Tectonophysics,2005, 395:137—157
11夏戡原,周蒂,苏达权,等．莺歌海盆地速度结构及其结油气勘探的意义．科学通报,1998,43(4):361—367
12刘国栋,史书林,王宝钧．华北地区壳内高导层及其与地壳构造活动性的关系．中国科学,B辑,1984,9:839—848
13丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等．南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展．自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231—236
14 Qiu XL,Ye SY,Wu SM,et al.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 2001,341:179—193
15 Yan P,Zhou D,Liu ZS.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectono- physics,2001,338:1—21
16 Xia KY,Zhou D,Su DQ,et al.The velocity structure of the Yinggehai basin and its hydrocarbon implication.Chinese Sci- ence Bulletin,1998,43(24):2047—2055
17 Chen AT,Nakamura Y.Velocity structure beneath eastern off- shore of southern Taiwan based on OBS data and its tectonic sig- nificance.TAO,1998,9(3):409—424
18 Nakamura Y,McIntosh K,Chen AT.Preliminary results of a large offset seismic survey west of Hengchun Peninsula,south- ern Taiwan.TAO,1998,9(3):395—408
19赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等．南海东北部海陆联测及滨海断裂带深部结构研究．地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845—852
20 Wang TK,Chen MK,Lee CS,et al.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412:237—254
21 Luegert JH.MacRay:Interactive Two-Dimensional Seismic Ray- tracing for the MacintoshTM.U.S.Open File Report 92—356.Menlo Park,California:Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey.1992,41—44
22赵明辉,丘学林,徐辉龙,等．华南海陆过渡带地区地壳结构与壳内低速层．热带海洋学报,2006,25(5):36—42
23曾融生著．固体地球物理学．北京:科学出版社,1984,54—57
24 Aki K,Richards PG.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Meth- ods.W H Freeman and Company.1930,404—411
25朱金芳,徐锡伟,张先康,等．福州盆地及邻区地壳精细结构的深地震反射与高分辨率折射及宽角反射/折射联合探测研究．中国科学,D辑,2005,35(8):738—749
26姚伯初,曾维军,著．中美合作调研南海地质专报．北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994,201—203
27吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林,等．南海西北部莺歌海盆地低速层的特征及其成因探讨．热带海洋学报,2001,20(3):8—14
28朱芳冰,田世澄．莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移．中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(5):306—311
29姜本鸿,袁登维,吴玉华．壳内低速层与地震活动的关系．地质科技情报,1992,11(4):9—15
30 Kuszir NJ,Park RG.The extentional strength of the continental lithosphere,its dependence on geothermal gradient and crust composition and thickness.Continental Extensional Tectonics, 1987,28:35—53
31施小斌,丘学林,夏戡原,等．南海热流特征及其构造意义．热带海洋学报,2003,22(2):63—73
1)见第471页脚注1
1)见第471页脚注1
2)南海西北部地壳深部结构的广角地震探测与研究总结报告,中国科学院资源与生态环境研究重点项目(KZ952-S1-416),中国科学院南海海洋研究所,2000
1 Zorin Yu A,Mordvinova VV,Turutanov E Kh,et al.Low seis- mic velocity layers in the Earth's crust beneath Eastern Siberia (Russia)and Central Mongolia:Receive function data and their possible geological implication.Tectonophysics,2002,359: 307—327
2 Lin CH,Huang BS,Rau R.Seimological evidence for a low-ve- locity layer within the subducted slab of southern Taiwan.Earht and Planetary Science Letters,1999,174:231—240
3 Schmitz M,Heinsohn WD,Schiling FR.Seismic,gravity and petrological evidence for partial melt beneath the thickened Cen- tral Andean crust(21o—23oS).Tectomphysics,1997,270: 313—326
4杨晓松,马瑾,张先进．大陆壳内低速层成因综述．地质科技情报,2003,22(1):35—41
5李扬鉴,张星亮,陈延成．大陆层控构造论-盆-山系与造山带成因及演化新模式．化工矿业地质,1996,18(3):149—155
6徐克定．中国南方大陆岩石圈结构分析．海相油气地质,2000, 2(2):31—46
7王泽利,何樵登,孟令顺．青藏高原北缘深部地壳结构特征及其形成机制探讨．世界地质,2002,21(2):105—116
8熊绍柏,刘宏兵．浙皖地区地壳-上地幔结构和华南与扬子块体边界．地球物理学进展,2000,15(4):13—17
9周永胜,何昌荣．华北地区壳内低速层与地壳流变的关系及其对强震孕育的影响．地震地质,2002,24(1):124—132
10 Zhang Z,Jose B,Li Y,et al.Crust-upper mantle seismic veloci- ty structure across southeastern China.Tectonophysics,2005, 395:137—157
11夏戡原,周蒂,苏达权,等．莺歌海盆地速度结构及其结油气勘探的意义．科学通报,1998,43(4):361—367
12刘国栋,史书林,王宝钧．华北地区壳内高导层及其与地壳构造活动性的关系．中国科学,B辑,1984,9:839—848
13丘学林,施小斌,阎贫,等．南海北部地壳结构的深地震探测和研究新进展．自然科学进展,2003,13(3):231—236
14 Qiu XL,Ye SY,Wu SM,et al.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics, 2001,341:179—193
15 Yan P,Zhou D,Liu ZS.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectono- physics,2001,338:1—21
16 Xia KY,Zhou D,Su DQ,et al.The velocity structure of the Yinggehai basin and its hydrocarbon implication.Chinese Sci- ence Bulletin,1998,43(24):2047—2055
17 Chen AT,Nakamura Y.Velocity structure beneath eastern off- shore of southern Taiwan based on OBS data and its tectonic sig- nificance.TAO,1998,9(3):409—424
18 Nakamura Y,McIntosh K,Chen AT.Preliminary results of a large offset seismic survey west of Hengchun Peninsula,south- ern Taiwan.TAO,1998,9(3):395—408
19赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明,等．南海东北部海陆联测及滨海断裂带深部结构研究．地球物理学报,2004,47(5):845—852
20 Wang TK,Chen MK,Lee CS,et al.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412:237—254
21 Luegert JH.MacRay:Interactive Two-Dimensional Seismic Ray- tracing for the MacintoshTM.U.S.Open File Report 92—356.Menlo Park,California:Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey.1992,41—44
22赵明辉,丘学林,徐辉龙,等．华南海陆过渡带地区地壳结构与壳内低速层．热带海洋学报,2006,25(5):36—42
23曾融生著．固体地球物理学．北京:科学出版社,1984,54—57
24 Aki K,Richards PG.Quantitative Seismology Theory and Meth- ods.W H Freeman and Company.1930,404—411
25朱金芳,徐锡伟,张先康,等．福州盆地及邻区地壳精细结构的深地震反射与高分辨率折射及宽角反射/折射联合探测研究．中国科学,D辑,2005,35(8):738—749
26姚伯初,曾维军,著．中美合作调研南海地质专报．北京:中国地质大学出版社,1994,201—203
27吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林,等．南海西北部莺歌海盆地低速层的特征及其成因探讨．热带海洋学报,2001,20(3):8—14
28朱芳冰,田世澄．莺歌海盆地泥岩压实特征与油气初次运移．中国海上油气(地质),1998,12(5):306—311
29姜本鸿,袁登维,吴玉华．壳内低速层与地震活动的关系．地质科技情报,1992,11(4):9—15
30 Kuszir NJ,Park RG.The extentional strength of the continental lithosphere,its dependence on geothermal gradient and crust composition and thickness.Continental Extensional Tectonics, 1987,28:35—53
31施小斌,丘学林,夏戡原,等．南海热流特征及其构造意义．热带海洋学报,2003,22(2):63—73
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