博物馆文物的防震保护研究——设防地震动输入及文物防震保护参数的确定
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摘要
通过对上海市及邻近地区地震危害性分析,根据上海博物馆文物防震保护的具体要求,研究确定了该博物馆文物防震保护的设防水准及地震动参数。又根据上海博物馆建筑的结构特征分析,结合建筑结构动力特征的实测结果,计算得到了在给定设防地震动水准下,博物馆建筑物内各个楼层的地震动反应。通过分析馆藏文物的悬吊、固定、浮放等基本放置形式,探讨了文物的陈列特征及其可能造成的震害因素。根据相关浮放物在地震作用下的计算方法、上海博物馆文物的陈列特征及防震设计参数,给出了简便实用、偏于安全的计算模型。结果表明,在现有的抗震设防水准下,遇有大震或中震发生时,目前陈列状态的绝大多数文物均存在倾覆和滑移安全隐患。结果还表明,在上海博物馆4层楼板面地震动从566gal减小到110gal时,绝大多数文物均满足稳定条件。因此,通过选择合适的减震或隔震方法,使得文物所受到的地震动满足小于110gal时,便可使陈列文物在地震中免遭破坏,达到防震保护的目的。
Through the seismic risk analysis for Shanghai and its neighboring area, and based on the specific requirements on the protection of cultural relics against earthquake in Shanghai Museum, the earthquake fortification level and ground motion parameter are studied and determined. According to the analysis of the structural characteristics of the museum building, combining with the actual measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the building structure, the ground motion responses at each floor of the museum building under the given earthquake fortification level are calculated. By analyzing the basic forms of setting the cultural relics as suspending, fixing or on surface, the displaying characteristics and the possible factors that cause earthquake disasters are investigated. According to the relevant computational method for the objects setting on surface under the earthquake action , the displaying characteristics of the cultural relics and the seismic design parameters of the museum, a simple and practical computational model, which is on the safe side, is introduced. Computing results show that, under the condition of large or medium earthquake on the fortification level, for most of the cultural relics under the existing setting form, hidden hazards due to overturning and slippage exits. The results also show that if the ground motion on the floor surface decreases from 566 gal to 110 gal. most of the cultural relics will satisfy the stable condition. By selecting certain suitable methods of seismic isolation or reduction so that the ground motion will be decreased to less than 110 gal, no damage will occur for the displaying cultural relics. The purpose of protection against earthquake can thus be achieved.
Through the seismic risk analysis for Shanghai and its neighboring area, and based on the specific requirements on the protection of cultural relics against earthquake in Shanghai Museum, the earthquake fortification level and ground motion parameter are studied and determined. According to the analysis of the structural characteristics of the museum building, combining with the actual measurement of the dynamic characteristics of the building structure, the ground motion responses at each floor of the museum building under the given earthquake fortification level are calculated. By analyzing the basic forms of setting the cultural relics as suspending, fixing or on surface, the displaying characteristics and the possible factors that cause earthquake disasters are investigated. According to the relevant computational method for the objects setting on surface under the earthquake action , the displaying characteristics of the cultural relics and the seismic design parameters of the museum, a simple and practical computational model, which is on the safe side, is introduced. Computing results show that, under the condition of large or medium earthquake on the fortification level, for most of the cultural relics under the existing setting form, hidden hazards due to overturning and slippage exits. The results also show that if the ground motion on the floor surface decreases from 566 gal to 110 gal. most of the cultural relics will satisfy the stable condition. By selecting certain suitable methods of seismic isolation or reduction so that the ground motion will be decreased to less than 110 gal, no damage will occur for the displaying cultural relics. The purpose of protection against earthquake can thus be achieved.
引文
1 吴来明,王忠良,高华平等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(-)对专统抗震措施与现代隔震技术.文物保护与考古科学,2001,13 (2) :52
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6 同济大学.上海市地震小区划研究报告.上海:同济大学,1992年10月
7 沈聚敏等.抗震工程学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000． 102
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9 俞洁勤,沈小白.上海博物馆结构自振频率测试上海:同济大学结构工程与防灾研究所,1999年12月28日
1O 胡聿贤.地震工程学,北京:地震出版社,1984
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12 陆钦年,熊立红.浮放设备的抗震设计.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:745． 751
13 王云剑.浮放物地震反应分析.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:762-731
14 黄永林.地震作用下浮放设备的滑动.地震学刊.1994,(3)
15 [日本]读卖新闻,1995-8-25． 转引自:国际地震动态,1996． (4) :40
16 高木博彦.博物馆展示地震对策.博物馆研究,1989,33(6) :24-29
17． Jeny POdany.博物馆典藏文化遗产对地震灾害之防护.见:陈国宁主编.文物保存维护研讨会专辑(1995) .台湾:行政院文化建设委员会印行,1996:68． 109,图10
18 三浦定俊.收纳展示机器地震对策.文化财保存修复会志,2001． 45:128-140,图2
19 钮泽寨.陈列文物抗震措施实验研究.工程抗震,1992,(2) :27-31
20 刘生培,高建民.关于秦佣抗震.考古与文物,1995,(6) :20． 21
21 刘生培等.秦佣抗震研究报告(资料).西北工业大学.1991年
22 李丽芳.台湾博物馆文物防震防灾工作的省思.博物馆学季刊,20003,14(4) 89-104
23 奥村末仪.奈良国立博物馆、东新馆 耐展及 免震对策博物馆研究,1998,33(8) :8． 13
2 蒋振立,刘克法.地震和防震浅话.上海:上海科学普及出版社.1999
3 国家质量技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准一中国地震动参数区划图GB 183306-2001． 北京:中国标准出版社,2001
4 上海市建设委员会.上海市标准一建筑抗震设计规程DGJ08-9-92,1992
5 上海市地震局.上海及邻近地区地震危险性分析与基本烈度复核.北京:地震出版社,1991
6 同济大学.上海市地震小区划研究报告.上海:同济大学,1992年10月
7 沈聚敏等.抗震工程学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000． 102
8 上海建筑设计研究院.上海博物馆新馆项目设计计算书.1993,1
9 俞洁勤,沈小白.上海博物馆结构自振频率测试上海:同济大学结构工程与防灾研究所,1999年12月28日
1O 胡聿贤.地震工程学,北京:地震出版社,1984
11 中国石油天然气集团抗震办公室,江苏省地震局主编,中国石油天然气集团公司批准.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准一浮放设备隔震技术标准.石油工业出版社,1998． 7
12 陆钦年,熊立红.浮放设备的抗震设计.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:745． 751
13 王云剑.浮放物地震反应分析.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:762-731
14 黄永林.地震作用下浮放设备的滑动.地震学刊.1994,(3)
15 [日本]读卖新闻,1995-8-25． 转引自:国际地震动态,1996． (4) :40
16 高木博彦.博物馆展示地震对策.博物馆研究,1989,33(6) :24-29
17． Jeny POdany.博物馆典藏文化遗产对地震灾害之防护.见:陈国宁主编.文物保存维护研讨会专辑(1995) .台湾:行政院文化建设委员会印行,1996:68． 109,图10
18 三浦定俊.收纳展示机器地震对策.文化财保存修复会志,2001． 45:128-140,图2
19 钮泽寨.陈列文物抗震措施实验研究.工程抗震,1992,(2) :27-31
20 刘生培,高建民.关于秦佣抗震.考古与文物,1995,(6) :20． 21
21 刘生培等.秦佣抗震研究报告(资料).西北工业大学.1991年
22 李丽芳.台湾博物馆文物防震防灾工作的省思.博物馆学季刊,20003,14(4) 89-104
23 奥村末仪.奈良国立博物馆、东新馆 耐展及 免震对策博物馆研究,1998,33(8) :8． 13
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