陆相断陷盆地层序类型与构造特征
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摘要
本文通过对中国东部古近纪—新近纪陆相断陷盆地层序地层的研究表明:陆相断陷盆地存在着同生断裂坡折带、同沉积构造挠曲坡折带两种基本坡折类型和无坡折的平缓地貌,由此决定了陆相断陷盆地有三种基本的层序类型,这就是同沉积断裂坡折型层序——A 型层序;同沉积构造挠曲坡折型层序——B 型层序;无坡折的平缓型层序——C 型层序。这三种层序在纵向上有规律的叠置组合就构成了盆地层序充填序列。断陷盆地层序的充填序列一般为C→A→B→C型,但也可发育成其他类型如A→B→C 型或 B→C型。同沉积断裂坡折型层序和同沉积构造挠曲坡折型层序的低位域砂体和高位域扇三角洲成藏条件优越、地震剖面易于识别是隐蔽油气藏勘探的主要目标。
Studies on the Tertiary sequence stratigraphy in East China continental rift-subsidence basins shows that there are two kinds of basic slope-break types, syndepositional fault slope-break zone and syndepositional structurally bent slope-break zone, and a gentle slope topography. So, three basic sequences, syndepositional fault slope-break sequence (Type A), syndepositional structurally bent slope-break sequence (Type B) and gentle slope sequence (Type C), are developed correspondingly. The three basic sequences, stacked regularly, constitute sequence-filling succession of continental rift-subsidence basins. Generally, the sequence filling
succession of a continental rift-subsidence basin is C→A→-B→C, but others sequence-filling successions
also are developed such as A→-B→C or B→C. Lowstand sand bodies and highstand fan delta sand
bodies, favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation and identified easily on seismic profiles, are main subtle reservoirs of exploration aims.
Studies on the Tertiary sequence stratigraphy in East China continental rift-subsidence basins shows that there are two kinds of basic slope-break types, syndepositional fault slope-break zone and syndepositional structurally bent slope-break zone, and a gentle slope topography. So, three basic sequences, syndepositional fault slope-break sequence (Type A), syndepositional structurally bent slope-break sequence (Type B) and gentle slope sequence (Type C), are developed correspondingly. The three basic sequences, stacked regularly, constitute sequence-filling succession of continental rift-subsidence basins. Generally, the sequence filling
succession of a continental rift-subsidence basin is C→A→-B→C, but others sequence-filling successions
also are developed such as A→-B→C or B→C. Lowstand sand bodies and highstand fan delta sand
bodies, favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation and identified easily on seismic profiles, are main subtle reservoirs of exploration aims.
引文
① 胜利油田,中国地质大学(武汉).1999． 东营凹陷下第三系沉积构造及含油性.胜利油田与中国地质大学(武汉)合作成果(内部资料).
② 中国地质大学(武汉),河南油田分公司.2002． 南阳-泌阳凹陷高精度层序地层学及岩性油气藏勘探研究.中国地质大学(武汉)与河南油田分公司合作成果(内部资料).
冯有良,李思田,解习农.2000． 陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式.地学前缘,7(3) :119～132．
冯有良,李思田.2001． 东营凹陷沙三段层序低位域砂体沉积特征.地质论评,47(3) :278～286．
冯有良 邱以刚.2003． 高精度层序地层学在济阳坳陷下第三系隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用.石油学报,24(1) :49～52．
纪友亮.1996． 陆相断陷盆地层序地层学,第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1～74．
李思田,程守田,杨士恭,等.1992． 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析.北京:地质出版社,1～21．
林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.2000． 构造坡折带--断陷湖盆层序和油气预测的重要概念.地球科学,25(3) :260～267．
魏魁生,徐怀大.1997． 松辽盆地白垩系高分辨率层序地层格架.石油与天然气地质,18(1) :7～13．
Brown L F Jr, Benson J M, et al. 1995． Sequence stratigraphy in offshore South African divergent basins-an atlas on exploration for Cretaceous lowstand traps.AAPG Studies in Geology # 41． Tulsa,Oklahoma, U. S. A. Published by AAPG, 1～182．
Feng Youliang, Li Sitian, Xie Xinong. 2000． Dynamics of sequence generation and sequence stratigraphic model in continental riftsubsidence basin. Earth Science Frontiers,7(3) : 119～132 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Youliang, Li Sitian. 2001． Depositional characteristics of lowstand sand bodies of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression and the significance in petroleum geology. Geological Review, 47(3) : 278～286 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Youliang, Qiu Yigang. 2003． Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to exploration of lower Tertiary subtle reservoirs in Jiyang subbasin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24 (1) : 49～52(in Chinese with English abstract).
Howell,J A, Flint S S. 1996． A model for high resolution sequence stratigraphy within extensional basins. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F, eds. High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy: Innovations and Applications.London:Geological Society Special Publication, No.104: 129～137．
Ji Youliang, Zhang Shiqi. 1996． Sequence stratigraphy of continental rift-subsidence lacustrine basin. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1～74 (in Chinese).
Li Sitian, Chen Shoutian, Yang Shigong, et al. 1992． Analysis on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systems in Northeastern Ordors basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1～21 (in Chinese).
Lin Changsong, Pan Yuanling, Xiao Jianxin, et al.2000． Structural slope-break zone: key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin. Earth Science, 25(3) : 260～267 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Changsong, Eriksson K, Li Sitian. 2000,Sequence architecture,depositional systems, and controls on development of lacustrine basin fills in part of the Erlian basin, northeast China. AAPG Bulletin, 85 (11) : 2017～2043．
Olson T. 1995． Sequence stratigraphy, alluvial architecture and potential reservoir heterogeneities of fluvial deposits: evidence from outcrop studies in Price Canyon,Utah (Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary). In: Van Wagoner J C and Bertram G T,eds. Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits--Outcrop and subsurface examples from the Cretaceous of North America.Tulsa,Oklahoma, U. S. A.: AAPG Memoir 64: 75～94．
Van Wagoner J C, Mittchum R M, Campion K M, et al.1990． Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops,concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG,Methods in Exploration Series, (7) : 55．
Vail P R, Audemard F, Bowman S A, Einser P N, Perez-Cruz C.1991． The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy and sedimentology--an overview. In: Einsele G, Ricken W,Seilacher A, eds. Cycles and events in stratigraphy.Springer-verlag, Berlin, 617～659．
Wei Kuisheng, Xu Huaida. 1997． Cretaceous high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework in Songliao basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 8(11) : 7～13 (in Chinese with English abstract).
② 中国地质大学(武汉),河南油田分公司.2002． 南阳-泌阳凹陷高精度层序地层学及岩性油气藏勘探研究.中国地质大学(武汉)与河南油田分公司合作成果(内部资料).
冯有良,李思田,解习农.2000． 陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式.地学前缘,7(3) :119～132．
冯有良,李思田.2001． 东营凹陷沙三段层序低位域砂体沉积特征.地质论评,47(3) :278～286．
冯有良 邱以刚.2003． 高精度层序地层学在济阳坳陷下第三系隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用.石油学报,24(1) :49～52．
纪友亮.1996． 陆相断陷盆地层序地层学,第一版.北京:石油工业出版社,1～74．
李思田,程守田,杨士恭,等.1992． 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析.北京:地质出版社,1～21．
林畅松,潘元林,肖建新,等.2000． 构造坡折带--断陷湖盆层序和油气预测的重要概念.地球科学,25(3) :260～267．
魏魁生,徐怀大.1997． 松辽盆地白垩系高分辨率层序地层格架.石油与天然气地质,18(1) :7～13．
Brown L F Jr, Benson J M, et al. 1995． Sequence stratigraphy in offshore South African divergent basins-an atlas on exploration for Cretaceous lowstand traps.AAPG Studies in Geology # 41． Tulsa,Oklahoma, U. S. A. Published by AAPG, 1～182．
Feng Youliang, Li Sitian, Xie Xinong. 2000． Dynamics of sequence generation and sequence stratigraphic model in continental riftsubsidence basin. Earth Science Frontiers,7(3) : 119～132 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Youliang, Li Sitian. 2001． Depositional characteristics of lowstand sand bodies of the third member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying depression and the significance in petroleum geology. Geological Review, 47(3) : 278～286 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng Youliang, Qiu Yigang. 2003． Application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy to exploration of lower Tertiary subtle reservoirs in Jiyang subbasin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24 (1) : 49～52(in Chinese with English abstract).
Howell,J A, Flint S S. 1996． A model for high resolution sequence stratigraphy within extensional basins. In: Howell J A, Aitken J F, eds. High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy: Innovations and Applications.London:Geological Society Special Publication, No.104: 129～137．
Ji Youliang, Zhang Shiqi. 1996． Sequence stratigraphy of continental rift-subsidence lacustrine basin. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Publishing House,1～74 (in Chinese).
Li Sitian, Chen Shoutian, Yang Shigong, et al. 1992． Analysis on sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary systems in Northeastern Ordors basin. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1～21 (in Chinese).
Lin Changsong, Pan Yuanling, Xiao Jianxin, et al.2000． Structural slope-break zone: key concept for stratigraphic sequence analysis and petroleum forecasting in fault subsidence basin. Earth Science, 25(3) : 260～267 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Changsong, Eriksson K, Li Sitian. 2000,Sequence architecture,depositional systems, and controls on development of lacustrine basin fills in part of the Erlian basin, northeast China. AAPG Bulletin, 85 (11) : 2017～2043．
Olson T. 1995． Sequence stratigraphy, alluvial architecture and potential reservoir heterogeneities of fluvial deposits: evidence from outcrop studies in Price Canyon,Utah (Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary). In: Van Wagoner J C and Bertram G T,eds. Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits--Outcrop and subsurface examples from the Cretaceous of North America.Tulsa,Oklahoma, U. S. A.: AAPG Memoir 64: 75～94．
Van Wagoner J C, Mittchum R M, Campion K M, et al.1990． Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,cores and outcrops,concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies.AAPG,Methods in Exploration Series, (7) : 55．
Vail P R, Audemard F, Bowman S A, Einser P N, Perez-Cruz C.1991． The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics, eustasy and sedimentology--an overview. In: Einsele G, Ricken W,Seilacher A, eds. Cycles and events in stratigraphy.Springer-verlag, Berlin, 617～659．
Wei Kuisheng, Xu Huaida. 1997． Cretaceous high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework in Songliao basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 8(11) : 7～13 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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