库车坳陷西段盐构造及其与油气的关系
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摘要
根据断层相关褶皱理论和盐构造理论 ,结合地面地质调查和地震剖面的精细解释 ,厘定了库车坳陷西段下第三系库姆格列木群的膏盐岩层系的盐上、盐下和盐间构造样式、分布及形成机理。其中典型盐构造样式有盐核背斜、外来盐、盐枕、盐焊接和断层焊接、盐缩颈、盐成凹陷和“鱼尾”构造。盐构造的形成分两个阶段 ,即早期初始形成阶段 ( 65～ 1 64Ma)和晚期挤压构造定型阶段( 1 64Ma前后 )。变形早期盐上层的重力滑动和顺层挤压决定了克拉苏构造带盐上、盐下不同的构造组合 ,秋立塔克构造带受滑脱传力作用 ,构造样式与盐层厚度和断层交切方式等有关。结合石油地质资料 ,讨论了盐构造的油气分布规律 ,并预测了有利勘探区带。
According to the theories of fault-associated folds and salt tectonics,and based on the field work and seismic data interpretation for the western Kuqa Depression,the tectonic styles of the overburden,the salt sequence and the substrate,and their distribution,and formation mechanism were determined.The typical salt tectonic styles include salt cored anticlines,allochthonous salt,salt pillows,salt(fault) welds,salt necking,salt-associated depressions and "fish-tail"structures.The evolution of salt tectonics can be divided into two stages of early inceptive deformation (65～1.64 million years) and late compression deformation (about 1.64 million years).The two kinds of deformation,gravity sliding and layer-parallel compression in the early stage determined structural assemblages of the Kelasu tectonic belt.Deformation and tectonic styles in Qiulitake tectonic belt were caused by compression transmitted though the overburden detachment and were controlled by the thickness of salt layer and the crossed way of back thrust faults,respectively.The petroleum implication of the salt structures was discussed,and potential exploration areas were forecasted,based on some petroleum data.
According to the theories of fault-associated folds and salt tectonics,and based on the field work and seismic data interpretation for the western Kuqa Depression,the tectonic styles of the overburden,the salt sequence and the substrate,and their distribution,and formation mechanism were determined.The typical salt tectonic styles include salt cored anticlines,allochthonous salt,salt pillows,salt(fault) welds,salt necking,salt-associated depressions and "fish-tail"structures.The evolution of salt tectonics can be divided into two stages of early inceptive deformation (65～1.64 million years) and late compression deformation (about 1.64 million years).The two kinds of deformation,gravity sliding and layer-parallel compression in the early stage determined structural assemblages of the Kelasu tectonic belt.Deformation and tectonic styles in Qiulitake tectonic belt were caused by compression transmitted though the overburden detachment and were controlled by the thickness of salt layer and the crossed way of back thrust faults,respectively.The petroleum implication of the salt structures was discussed,and potential exploration areas were forecasted,based on some petroleum data.
引文
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[17] 胡学平.库车前陆褶皱冲断带的互嵌构造样式[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):302308.
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[19] 刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):482492.
[20] 刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带造山运动时间、断层滑移速率的厘定及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):1215.
[21] 李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣,等.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):377381.
[22] 林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车坳陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3):177183.
[23] 陈书平.库车前陆区西段新生代盐构造形成和演化[D].北京:石油大学,2002.
[24] 郭令智,施央申,卢华复,等.印、藏碰撞的两种远距离构造效应[A].见:李清波,戴金星,刘如琦,等.现代地质学文集(上)[C].南京:南京大学出版社,1992:18.
[25] 汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(1):3846.
[26] 陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造.前陆区盐层对盐上盐下层构造高点的控制及石油地质意义[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2003,28(3):297300.
[2]李任伟.高盐环境和生油[J].中国科学(B辑),1988,18(3):303313.
[3]RowanMG .Structuralstylesandevolutionofallochthonoussalt,CentralLouisianaOuterShelfandUpperSlope[A ].In:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDG ,SnelsonS .SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective[C].AAPGMemoir65,1995:199228.
[4]周江羽,林忠民,周凌方,等.塔里木盆地北部石炭系盐体塑性形变与油气圈闭[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(3):216219.
[5]齐兴宇,黄先雄,秦建峰,等.东濮凹陷盐岩与油气[J].石油学报,1992,13(1):2329.
[6]JacksonMPA .Retrospectivesalttectonics[A].In:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDG ,SnelsonS .SaltTectonics:AGlobalPerspective[C].AAPGMermoir65,1995:128.
[7]张朝军,田在艺.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气[J].石油学报,1988,19(1):610.
[8]McBrideBC ,RowanMG ,WeimerP .Theevolutionofal lochthonoussaltsystems,WesternGreenCanyonandEwingBank(offshoreLouisiana),NorthernGulfofMexico[J].AAPGBulletin,1998,82(5B):10131036.
[9]RowanMG ,JacksonMPA ,TrudgillBD .Salt_relatedfaultfamiliesandfaultweldsintheNorthernGulfofMexi co[J].AAPGBulletin,1999,83(9):14541484.
[10] HarrisonJC .Tectonicsandkinematicsofaforelandfoldedbeltinfluencedbysalt,ArcticCanada[A].In:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDG ,SnelsonS .SaltTectonics:AGlobalPer spective[C].AAPGMemoir65,1995:379412.
[11] LetouzeyJ ,CollettaB ,ViallyR ,etal.Evolutionofsalt_re latedstructuresincompressionalsettings[A].In:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDG ,SnelsonS .SaltTectonics:AGlobalPer spective[C].AAPGMemoir65,1995:4160.
[12] SansM ,VergesJ .Folddevelopmentrelatedtocontractionalsalttectonics,southeasternPyreneanthrustfront,Spain[A].In:JacksonMPA ,RobertsDG ,SnelsonS .SalTectonics:AGlobalPerspective[C ].AAPGMemoir65,1995:369378.
[13] BerasteguiX ,BanksCJ ,PuigC ,etal.Lateraldiapiricem placementofTriassicevaporitesattheSouthernMarginoftheGuadalquivirBasin,Spain[A].In:MascleA ,Puigdefab regasC ,LuterbacherHP ,etal.CenozoicForelandBasinsofWesternEurope[C ].London:TheGeologicalSociety,1998:4968.
[14] VelajT ,DavisonI ,SerjeniA ,etal.ThrusttectonicsandtheroleofevaporitesintheIonianZoneoftheAlbanides[J].AAPGBulletin,1999,83(9):14081425.
[15] 贾承造.塔里木盆地构造演化[A].见:李清波,戴金星,刘如琦,等.现代地质学文集(上)[C].南京:南京大学出版社,1992:2231.
[16] 卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造特征与成因[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):1824.
[17] 胡学平.库车前陆褶皱冲断带的互嵌构造样式[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3):302308.
[18] 田作基,宋建国.塔里木库车新生代前陆盆地构造特征及形成演化[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):713.
[19] 刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):482492.
[20] 刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带造山运动时间、断层滑移速率的厘定及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2):1215.
[21] 李曰俊,宋文杰,买光荣,等.库车和北塔里木前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(5):377381.
[22] 林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车坳陷第三系构造层序的构成特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(3):177183.
[23] 陈书平.库车前陆区西段新生代盐构造形成和演化[D].北京:石油大学,2002.
[24] 郭令智,施央申,卢华复,等.印、藏碰撞的两种远距离构造效应[A].见:李清波,戴金星,刘如琦,等.现代地质学文集(上)[C].南京:南京大学出版社,1992:18.
[25] 汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(1):3846.
[26] 陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造.前陆区盐层对盐上盐下层构造高点的控制及石油地质意义[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,2003,28(3):297300.
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