用转换函数方法研究喜马拉雅地区速度结构
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摘要
利用流动数字地震台网提供的三分量地震波形记录,应用转换函数及快速模拟退火算法对喜马拉雅山脉地区46个地震站下的地壳横波速度结构进行了反演,为进一步揭示青藏高原喜马拉雅山脉地区的动力学演化过程提供了可靠的地球物理证据.根据本文结果可清晰看到,喜马拉雅山脉地区作为当今地壳活动最活跃的地区,物质交换非常活跃,地下结构远远未达到平衡,地壳速度有很大差异,在板块边界处莫霍界面速度间断不是非常明显,自喜马拉雅南坡向高原腹地,地壳厚度大致从55 km增加到80 km;沿经度方向,莫霍面也有一定的起伏.通过研究得到另外一个证据是,在喜马拉雅的主中央逆冲断裂,由大陆碰撞产生的主要构造,其深度可能要大于80 km.
According to the three-components teleseismic records from portable digital seismic station deployed in Himalaya mountain chain region,the S-wave velocity structure beneath 46 teleseismic stations are investigated by using transform function method and SA technique.As reliable geophysics evidence,these results help us to understand the geodynamic process of Himalaya mountain region of Tibet.This paper presents Moho topography beneath Himalaya mountain chain region,which indicates tectonic movement and substance exchange are active in the plate boundary regions where the crust remains in the state of imbalance.Although the crustal velocity has significant variation,but Moho velocity discontinuity is not obvious in the plate boundary region.From Himalaya southern slope to hinterland of Tibetan plateau the crust thickness increase from 55 km to 80 km.The Moho have a slight variation along longitude direction.Another evidence that we infer from this study is the tectonics at the MCT formed by the collision of two plate may extend to 80km depth.
According to the three-components teleseismic records from portable digital seismic station deployed in Himalaya mountain chain region,the S-wave velocity structure beneath 46 teleseismic stations are investigated by using transform function method and SA technique.As reliable geophysics evidence,these results help us to understand the geodynamic process of Himalaya mountain region of Tibet.This paper presents Moho topography beneath Himalaya mountain chain region,which indicates tectonic movement and substance exchange are active in the plate boundary regions where the crust remains in the state of imbalance.Although the crustal velocity has significant variation,but Moho velocity discontinuity is not obvious in the plate boundary region.From Himalaya southern slope to hinterland of Tibetan plateau the crust thickness increase from 55 km to 80 km.The Moho have a slight variation along longitude direction.Another evidence that we infer from this study is the tectonics at the MCT formed by the collision of two plate may extend to 80km depth.
引文
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[12]Ross A,Brown L,Passakorn P,et al.Deep reflectionsurveying in central Tibet:lower-crustal layering and crustalflow.Geophysical Journal International,2004,156:115~128
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[14]熊绍柏,滕吉文,尹周勋.西藏高原地区的地壳厚度和莫霍界面的起伏.地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊Ⅰ):16~27Xiong S B,Teng J W,Yin Z X.The thickness of the crustand undulation of discontinuity in Xizang(Tibet)plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1985,28(Suppl.Ⅰ):16~27
[15]高恩源,徐中信,王香泾等.喜马拉雅山北麓—雅鲁藏布江地区人工爆炸地震测深地壳结构.见:中国地质科学院主编.西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社,1990.1~14Gao E Y,Xu Z X,Wang X J,et al.Structure of the crustand velocity distributional characteristics in the unit betweenHi malaya mountain and the Yaluzangbo river.In:Geophysical Memoir on Xizang-Qinghai Plateau(in Chinese).China Academy of Geology Science eds.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1990.1~14
[16]熊绍柏,刘宏兵.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,1997,42(12):1309~1312Xiong S B,Liu H B.Crustal structure in the west Tibetanplateau.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1997,42(12):1309~1312
[17]Zhang Z J,Wang G J.P-wave structure along 1100kmlongwide angle seismic profilein the eastern Tibet.AGU,Japan.2002
[18]李秋生,彭苏萍,高锐.青藏高原莫霍面的研究进展.地质论评,2004,50(6):598~612Li Q S,Peng S P,Gao R.Areviewon the Moho discontinuitybeneath the Tibetan plateau.Geological Review(inChinese),2004,50(6):598~612
[19]Zhao L S,Sen M K,Stoffa P,et al.Application of very fastsi mulated annealing to the determination of the crustal structurebeneath Tibet.Geophys.J.Int.,1996,125:355~370
[20]周莹.接收台站精细地壳结构的波形反演[硕士论文].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,1999Zhou Y.Waveforminverse for fine crustal structure beneathseismicstation[M.A.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Instituteof Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1999
[21]王卫民,姚振兴.用转换函数方法研究台湾地区三维深部结构.地球物理学报,2003,46(5),628~632Wang W M,Yao Z X.A study on the 3D crustal structurebeneath Tai wan by teleseismic transform function method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(5):628~632
[22]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601Gao X,Wang W M,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of Chinamainland and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(3):591~601
[23]高星,郭志,王卫民等.用转换函数方法研究腾冲—临沧地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):451~459Gao X,Guo Z,Wang W M,et al.Crust structure beeathTenchong-Lincang,region,Yunnan province revealed byTransform function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):451~459
[24]Zhao W,Nelson K D,Indepth Team.Deep seismic reflectionevidence for continental underthrusting beneath Tibet.Nature,1993,366:557~559
[2]Hirn A,Nercessian A,Sapin M,et al.Lhasa block andbordering sutures,a continuation of a 500 km Moho traversethrough Tibet.Nature,1984,307(5946):25~27
[3]Zhao W,Nelson K D,Indepth Team.Deep seismic reflectionevidence for continental underthrusting beneath Tibet.Nature,1993,366:557~559
[4]Hirn A,Lepine J C,Jobert G,et al.Crustal structur andvariability of the Hi malayan border of Tibet.Nature,1984,307(5946):23~25
[5]滕吉文,尹周勋,熊绍柏.西藏高原北部地区色林错—蓬错—那曲—索县地带地壳结构与速度分布.地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊Ⅰ):28~42Teng J W,Yin Z X,Xiong S B.Crustal structure andvelocity distribution beneath Selin Co-Peng Co-Na Qu-SuoCounty region in the Northern Xizang plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1985,28(Suppl.Ⅰ):28~42
[6]张中杰,滕吉文,李英康等.藏南地壳速度结构与地壳物质东西向“逃逸”—以佩枯错—普莫雍错宽角反射剖面为例.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(10):793~798Zhang Z J,Teng J W,Li Y K,et al.Crustal velocitystructure and eastward escaping of crustal material in thesouthern Tibet-An example revealed by wide-angle seismicprofile between Peikucuo and Pumoyongcuo.Sciencein China(Ser.D)(in Chinese),2002,32(10):793~798
[7]Pelkum S,Monsalve G,Sheehan A,et al.I maging theIndian subcontinent beneath the Hi malayas.Nature,2005,435:1222~1225
[8]熊绍柏,滕吉文,尹周勋.西藏高原地区的地壳厚度和莫霍界面的起伏.地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊Ⅰ):16~27Xiong S B,Teng J W,Yin Z X.The thickness of the crustand undulation of discontinuity in Xizang(Tibet)plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1985,28(Suppl.Ⅰ):16~27
[9]黄立言,卢德源,李小鹏等.藏北色林湖—蓬错—雅安多地带的深部地震测深.见:西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社,1990,1:25~37Huang L Y,Lu D Y,Li X P,et al.Deep seismic sounding ofSelincuo Lake-Pengcuo Lake-Yangamdo in the north of theXizang(Tibet).In:Geophysical Memoir on Xizang-QinghaiPlateau(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990,1:25~37
[10]张中杰,李英康,王光杰等.藏北地壳东西向结构与“下凹”莫霍面——来自宽角反射剖面的启示.中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):881~888Zhang Z J,Li Y K,Wang G J,et al.E-Wcrustal structureunder the northern Tibet and“down-bowing”Moho underthe northern Tibet revealed by wide-angle seismic profile.Sciencein China(Series D)(in Chinese),2001,31(11):881~888
[11]曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.青藏高原岩石圈构造及动力学过程研究.地球物理学报,1994,37(增):99~116Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu QJ.Areviewon the lithosphericstructures in Tibetan plateau and constraints for dynamics.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(Suppl.):99~116
[12]Ross A,Brown L,Passakorn P,et al.Deep reflectionsurveying in central Tibet:lower-crustal layering and crustalflow.Geophysical Journal International,2004,156:115~128
[13]滕吉文,熊绍柏,尹周勋等.喜马拉雅山北部地区的地壳结构模型和速度分布特征.地球物理学报,1983,26(6):525~540Teng J W,Xiong S B,Yin Z X,et al.Structure of the crustand upper mantle pattern and velocity distributionalcharacteristics in the Northern Hi malayan mountain region.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1983,26(6):525~540
[14]熊绍柏,滕吉文,尹周勋.西藏高原地区的地壳厚度和莫霍界面的起伏.地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊Ⅰ):16~27Xiong S B,Teng J W,Yin Z X.The thickness of the crustand undulation of discontinuity in Xizang(Tibet)plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1985,28(Suppl.Ⅰ):16~27
[15]高恩源,徐中信,王香泾等.喜马拉雅山北麓—雅鲁藏布江地区人工爆炸地震测深地壳结构.见:中国地质科学院主编.西藏地球物理文集.北京:地质出版社,1990.1~14Gao E Y,Xu Z X,Wang X J,et al.Structure of the crustand velocity distributional characteristics in the unit betweenHi malaya mountain and the Yaluzangbo river.In:Geophysical Memoir on Xizang-Qinghai Plateau(in Chinese).China Academy of Geology Science eds.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1990.1~14
[16]熊绍柏,刘宏兵.青藏高原西部的地壳结构.科学通报,1997,42(12):1309~1312Xiong S B,Liu H B.Crustal structure in the west Tibetanplateau.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1997,42(12):1309~1312
[17]Zhang Z J,Wang G J.P-wave structure along 1100kmlongwide angle seismic profilein the eastern Tibet.AGU,Japan.2002
[18]李秋生,彭苏萍,高锐.青藏高原莫霍面的研究进展.地质论评,2004,50(6):598~612Li Q S,Peng S P,Gao R.Areviewon the Moho discontinuitybeneath the Tibetan plateau.Geological Review(inChinese),2004,50(6):598~612
[19]Zhao L S,Sen M K,Stoffa P,et al.Application of very fastsi mulated annealing to the determination of the crustal structurebeneath Tibet.Geophys.J.Int.,1996,125:355~370
[20]周莹.接收台站精细地壳结构的波形反演[硕士论文].北京:中国科学院地球物理研究所,1999Zhou Y.Waveforminverse for fine crustal structure beneathseismicstation[M.A.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Instituteof Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1999
[21]王卫民,姚振兴.用转换函数方法研究台湾地区三维深部结构.地球物理学报,2003,46(5),628~632Wang W M,Yao Z X.A study on the 3D crustal structurebeneath Tai wan by teleseismic transform function method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(5):628~632
[22]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601Gao X,Wang W M,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of Chinamainland and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(3):591~601
[23]高星,郭志,王卫民等.用转换函数方法研究腾冲—临沧地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2008,51(2):451~459Gao X,Guo Z,Wang W M,et al.Crust structure beeathTenchong-Lincang,region,Yunnan province revealed byTransform function.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(2):451~459
[24]Zhao W,Nelson K D,Indepth Team.Deep seismic reflectionevidence for continental underthrusting beneath Tibet.Nature,1993,366:557~559
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