汶川特大地震的震级和断层长度
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摘要
震级修订是世界各国地震台网(中心)地震参数测定工作的常规工作的一个环节。汶川地震发生后,我国地震台网速报的汶川地震的"面波震级"为7.8级;5天后修订为"面波震级"8.0级。美国地质调查局(USGS)国家地震中心(NEIC)速报的结果是"矩震级"7.8级;不久,将其修订为"矩震级"7.9级。地震后翌日,我们由"地震矩张量反演"得出,汶川地震的"矩震级"至少为7.9级,所释放的"标量地震矩"至少为4.4×1021N·m。无论是"面波震级",还是"矩震级",汶川地震都要比唐山地震("面波震级"7.8级,"矩震级"7.6级)大得多。汶川地震的"矩震级"(7.9级)比唐山地震的"矩震级"(7.6级)大0.3级,表明汶川地震释放的能量比唐山地震释放的能量大约3倍!事实上,汶川地震的断层长度大约为300km,也是唐山地震断层长度(不足100km)的3倍多。汶川地震的震级大、断层长,从震源特性的角度说明了为什么这次地震会造成如此巨大的破坏。
Brief description of the determination of earthquake magnitude is given to explain why the magnitude of Wenchuan earthquake changed from 7.8 to 8.0.The author points out that the "moment magnitude" of Wenchuan earthquake is at least 7.9,and could be as high as 8.3.Wenchuan earthquake and Tangshan earthquake are compared by magnitude and length of faults to show that the energy released in Wenchuan earthquake is about three times that of in Tangshan earthquake.
Brief description of the determination of earthquake magnitude is given to explain why the magnitude of Wenchuan earthquake changed from 7.8 to 8.0.The author points out that the "moment magnitude" of Wenchuan earthquake is at least 7.9,and could be as high as 8.3.Wenchuan earthquake and Tangshan earthquake are compared by magnitude and length of faults to show that the energy released in Wenchuan earthquake is about three times that of in Tangshan earthquake.
引文
[1]陈运泰.地震能量和地震效率[R].地震参数-数字地震学在地震预测中的应用.北京:中国地震局监测预报司/中国地震局地球物理研究所/中国地震局分析预报中心/中国科学院研究生院,2002,51-62.Chen Yuntai.Earthquake energy and earthquake efficiency[R].Beijing:Department of Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction of China Earth-quake Administration(CEA),Institute of Geophysics of CES,Center for Analysis and Prediction of CEA,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences eds.Earthquake Parameters:Applications of Digital Seismology in Earthquake Prediction,2002:51-62.
[2]陈运泰,刘瑞丰.地震的震级[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(6):1-12.Chen Yuntai,Liu Ruifeng.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(6):1-12.
[3]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,任枭,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西地震——一次面波震级未饱和的地震[J].地震学报,2005,27(5):467-476.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Ren X,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(5):467-476.
[4]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,Bormann P,等.中国地震台网与美国地震台网测定震级的对比(I)——体波震级[J].地震学报,2005,27(6):583-587.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Bormann P,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(6):583-587.
[5]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,Bormann P,等.中国地震台网与美国地震台网测定震级的对比(II)——面波震级[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):1-7.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Bormann P,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1):1-7.
[6]Engdahl E R,Villasenor A.Global seismicity:1900-1999[M].Lee W H K,Kanamori H,Jennings P,et al eds.International Handbook of Earth-quake and Engineering Seismology,Part A.San Diego:Academic Press,2002:665-690.
[7]Utsu T.A list of deadly earthquakes in the world:1500-2000[M].Lee W H K,Kanamori H,Jennings P,et al eds.International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology,Part A.San Diego:Academic Press,2002:691-717.
[8]陈运泰,许力生,张勇,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].2008.Chen Yuntai,Xu Lisheng,Zhang Yong,et al.Analysis of the source pa-rameters of the great Wenchuan earthquake of May12,2008[R].2008.
[9]黄永明.陈运泰:地震预报要知难而进[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):19-21.Huang Yongming.Science & Technology Review,2008,26(10):19-21.
[2]陈运泰,刘瑞丰.地震的震级[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2004,25(6):1-12.Chen Yuntai,Liu Ruifeng.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2004,25(6):1-12.
[3]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,任枭,等.2001年11月14日昆仑山口西地震——一次面波震级未饱和的地震[J].地震学报,2005,27(5):467-476.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Ren X,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(5):467-476.
[4]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,Bormann P,等.中国地震台网与美国地震台网测定震级的对比(I)——体波震级[J].地震学报,2005,27(6):583-587.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Bormann P,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(6):583-587.
[5]刘瑞丰,陈运泰,Bormann P,等.中国地震台网与美国地震台网测定震级的对比(II)——面波震级[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):1-7.Liu R F,Chen Y T,Bormann P,et al.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1):1-7.
[6]Engdahl E R,Villasenor A.Global seismicity:1900-1999[M].Lee W H K,Kanamori H,Jennings P,et al eds.International Handbook of Earth-quake and Engineering Seismology,Part A.San Diego:Academic Press,2002:665-690.
[7]Utsu T.A list of deadly earthquakes in the world:1500-2000[M].Lee W H K,Kanamori H,Jennings P,et al eds.International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology,Part A.San Diego:Academic Press,2002:691-717.
[8]陈运泰,许力生,张勇,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].2008.Chen Yuntai,Xu Lisheng,Zhang Yong,et al.Analysis of the source pa-rameters of the great Wenchuan earthquake of May12,2008[R].2008.
[9]黄永明.陈运泰:地震预报要知难而进[J].科技导报,2008,26(10):19-21.Huang Yongming.Science & Technology Review,2008,26(10):19-21.
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