巴基斯坦国际医疗救援队配置与工作模式——汶川地震陇南灾区医疗救援纪实
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摘要
目的分析汶川地震中赴陇南巴基斯坦国际医疗救援队的配置与工作模式,为我国地震灾后医疗队建设和配置提供一手数据和参考。方法通过随队工作,见证和分析救援队的功能定位、人员构成、装备配置、物资贮备、工作模式和绩效,总结其优、缺点。结果巴基斯坦国际医疗救援队功能定位为搜救与医疗救治。人员共28名,包括正副领队各1名(领队为流行病专家,副领队为行政人员)、医师6名、护理人员2名、医技师3名,战地搜救与转运人员10名、后勤工作人员5名。医疗队装备包括:战地救护车1辆、医院1所(由7顶帐篷组成)、海事卫星电话2部。医疗救援装备和药品耗材包括:X线检查床1台,B型超声扫描仪1台,心电检查仪1台,手术室配套设备1套,ICU设备2套,200例手术的麻醉药品及耗材,500人份的输液及有关药品,500人份的检查试剂和耗材,3000人份的口服药品、药棉、绷带。后勤物资包括:炊事用具1套、供应全队2周食用的米、面等食物和水、厕所设施2套。医疗队的帐篷医院在1天内建成,10天内接诊1256例地震伤员,完成14台手术和236例X线和B超检查和314例生化检查。结论巴基斯坦国际医疗救援队配置与功能定位一致、学科齐全、结构合理,兼顾转运救治和公共卫生。设备配置与物资装备在满足一线抢救300～500例伤员的同时,还考虑了自身生存与环境保护,值得借鉴。医疗队若能在灾后第一周赶到重灾区,作用和绩效会更大。
Objective To analyze the equipment and the working model of Pakistan international medical rescue team in Wenchuan earthquake in order to provide the first hand references for our medical rescue.Methods We analyzed the aim,the staff composition,the medical equipment,the logistic material and the working model of the Pakistan international medical rescue team by working with the Pakistan team,and summarized its strengths and weaknesses.Result The main aim of the Pakistan international medical rescue team is to search,rescue and treat the wounded and sick in mass casualty incident.The team consisted of 28 staffs,including 2 leaders(the executive leader was an epidemic expert,and the vise leader was an administrative offi cer),6 clinical doctors,2 nurses,3 medical technicians,10 field search and rescue staffs and 5 logistics staffs.The medical equipment included a field ambulance,7 field tents and 2 marine satellite phones.The medical equipment and instruments include an X-ray table,a B-ultrasound scanner,an ECG tester,a set of surgery operation equipment and 2 sets of ICU instruments.The main medicines included antibiotics,analgesics and for trauma treatment.Narcotic drugs and surgical supplies supported 200 patients;fluid infusion and drugs were enough for 500 patients;other laboratory reagents were enough for 500 patients;oral drugs,disinfection cotton and bandages were for 3000 patients.Logistics materials contained a set of cooking appliances,2 sets of toilet facilities and enough rice,flour and water for the whole team for two weeks.The field tent hospital was built in one day.In the field tent hospital,1 256 patients were treated,14 surgeries were performed,236 X-ray and B-ultrasound examinations as well as 314 biochemical examinations were conducted within 10 days.Conclusion With complete disciplines and rational structure,the configuration of the Pakistan team is fi tful for its aim,and it balances the function of search,rescue and public health.Apart from equipment and instruments enough for 300-500 patients rescue,the team also considers both its own survival and environmental protection.The outcome would be betterif they could arrive at the spot in the first week after the earthquake happened.
Objective To analyze the equipment and the working model of Pakistan international medical rescue team in Wenchuan earthquake in order to provide the first hand references for our medical rescue.Methods We analyzed the aim,the staff composition,the medical equipment,the logistic material and the working model of the Pakistan international medical rescue team by working with the Pakistan team,and summarized its strengths and weaknesses.Result The main aim of the Pakistan international medical rescue team is to search,rescue and treat the wounded and sick in mass casualty incident.The team consisted of 28 staffs,including 2 leaders(the executive leader was an epidemic expert,and the vise leader was an administrative offi cer),6 clinical doctors,2 nurses,3 medical technicians,10 field search and rescue staffs and 5 logistics staffs.The medical equipment included a field ambulance,7 field tents and 2 marine satellite phones.The medical equipment and instruments include an X-ray table,a B-ultrasound scanner,an ECG tester,a set of surgery operation equipment and 2 sets of ICU instruments.The main medicines included antibiotics,analgesics and for trauma treatment.Narcotic drugs and surgical supplies supported 200 patients;fluid infusion and drugs were enough for 500 patients;other laboratory reagents were enough for 500 patients;oral drugs,disinfection cotton and bandages were for 3000 patients.Logistics materials contained a set of cooking appliances,2 sets of toilet facilities and enough rice,flour and water for the whole team for two weeks.The field tent hospital was built in one day.In the field tent hospital,1 256 patients were treated,14 surgeries were performed,236 X-ray and B-ultrasound examinations as well as 314 biochemical examinations were conducted within 10 days.Conclusion With complete disciplines and rational structure,the configuration of the Pakistan team is fi tful for its aim,and it balances the function of search,rescue and public health.Apart from equipment and instruments enough for 300-500 patients rescue,the team also considers both its own survival and environmental protection.The outcome would be betterif they could arrive at the spot in the first week after the earthquake happened.
引文
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5Halpern P,Rosen B,Carasso S,et al.Intensive care in a f ield hospital in an urban disaster area:lessons from the August1999earthquake in Turkey.Crit Care Med,2003,31(5):1410-1414.
6Taylor PR,Emonson DL,Schlimmer JE,et al.Operation Shaddock—the Australian Defence Force response to the tsunami disaster in Papua New Guinea.Med J Aust,1998,169(11-12):602-606.
7李成日.中国国内救援队和国际地震灾害救援行动的简介与展望.防灾科技学院学报,2006,9(8):8-14,78.
8孙志刚.地震灾害医疗救援的特点及误区.医学与社会,2003,10(16):7-8.
9郑静晨,樊毫军,侯世科.从中国国际救援队国外地震救援实战论灾害医疗救援模式.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2006,1(1):23-25,27.
10急救医学专家李宗浩谈汶川地震后的前线救援.中国网,2008,5,14.
11张庆江.地震灾害紧急医疗救援的难点及对策探讨.武警医学,2006,10(17):788-789.
2刘庆,郑静晨,彭碧波,等.援外地震救援流动医院的组织与管理.人民军医,2006,49(5):254-255.
3张永青,彭碧波.巴拉考特地震灾区发病状况分析.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,1(2):28-30.
4吴学杰,侯世科.国外地震灾区紧急医疗救援实施对策.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2006,11(1):167-169.
5Halpern P,Rosen B,Carasso S,et al.Intensive care in a f ield hospital in an urban disaster area:lessons from the August1999earthquake in Turkey.Crit Care Med,2003,31(5):1410-1414.
6Taylor PR,Emonson DL,Schlimmer JE,et al.Operation Shaddock—the Australian Defence Force response to the tsunami disaster in Papua New Guinea.Med J Aust,1998,169(11-12):602-606.
7李成日.中国国内救援队和国际地震灾害救援行动的简介与展望.防灾科技学院学报,2006,9(8):8-14,78.
8孙志刚.地震灾害医疗救援的特点及误区.医学与社会,2003,10(16):7-8.
9郑静晨,樊毫军,侯世科.从中国国际救援队国外地震救援实战论灾害医疗救援模式.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2006,1(1):23-25,27.
10急救医学专家李宗浩谈汶川地震后的前线救援.中国网,2008,5,14.
11张庆江.地震灾害紧急医疗救援的难点及对策探讨.武警医学,2006,10(17):788-789.
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