川滇及周边地区地壳横波衰减的成像研究
摘要
利用由149个台站记录的中国地震年报、四川和云南区域地震台网观测报告的5897个近震的27530条横波振幅与周期资料,反演得到川滇地区及周边的地壳衰减Q0值(频率为1Hz时的Q值)空间分布图像、台站的场地响应以及由于介质衰减不同造成的震级偏差.结果表明,川滇及周边地区的地壳横波衰减Q0值在200~600范围内变化,平均值为400,横向变化显著.在川西-滇西北-保山地区、云贵交界-昆明-思茅地区以及海原-祁连、汾渭和东昆仑等活动块体边界带的Q0值明显较低,这些地区地震和构造活动相对活跃;而构造相对稳定的四川盆地、马尔康块体、桂西滇东断块以及鄂尔多斯、秦岭-大别等地区的Q0值则明显较高.此外,川滇地区大多数台站的场地响应都在1附近,仅有少数增益或衰减较大,达到2倍左右,且其分布无明显规律性.该区观测报告给出的大多数地震震级偏差不大于0.3,但也有少数震级偏差达0.4,其分布与介质品质因子Q0值分布相关,说明震级测定可能受地壳介质衰减横向变化的影响.
We have selected 27530 M_L amplitude readings from 5897 events recorded by 149 stations, as reported in the Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes (ABCE) and regional seismic network of Yunnan province and Sichuan province, and have used tomographic imaging to estimate the lateral variations of the quality factor Q_0 (Q at 1 Hz) in the crust of Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent regions. Estimated Q_0 values vary from 200 to 600 with an average of 400. Q_0 values are consistent with tectonic and topographic structure. Q_0 is low in the active tectonic regions having many faults, such as the Haiyuan-Qilian, Fenhe-Weihe, East Kunlun zones, Western Sichuan-Northwestern Yunnan-Baoshan area and joint of Yunnan and Guizhou-Kunming-Simao area. Q_0 is high in the stable regions, such as Sichuan Basin, Markam block, Western Guangxi-Eastern Yunnan block, Ordos Craton and Qinling-Dabie area. Additionally, The gains of most of the station terms in Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent regions are near 1.0, only a few as large as 2.0, and the distribution is irregular. Most of the magnitude biases are less than 0.3, only a few as large as 0.4, and the distribution has relation with the Q_0 values distribution, which means that the crustal attenuation has influence on the magnitude measurement.
We have selected 27530 M_L amplitude readings from 5897 events recorded by 149 stations, as reported in the Annual Bulletin of Chinese Earthquakes (ABCE) and regional seismic network of Yunnan province and Sichuan province, and have used tomographic imaging to estimate the lateral variations of the quality factor Q_0 (Q at 1 Hz) in the crust of Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent regions. Estimated Q_0 values vary from 200 to 600 with an average of 400. Q_0 values are consistent with tectonic and topographic structure. Q_0 is low in the active tectonic regions having many faults, such as the Haiyuan-Qilian, Fenhe-Weihe, East Kunlun zones, Western Sichuan-Northwestern Yunnan-Baoshan area and joint of Yunnan and Guizhou-Kunming-Simao area. Q_0 is high in the stable regions, such as Sichuan Basin, Markam block, Western Guangxi-Eastern Yunnan block, Ordos Craton and Qinling-Dabie area. Additionally, The gains of most of the station terms in Sichuan-Yunnan and its adjacent regions are near 1.0, only a few as large as 2.0, and the distribution is irregular. Most of the magnitude biases are less than 0.3, only a few as large as 0.4, and the distribution has relation with the Q_0 values distribution, which means that the crustal attenuation has influence on the magnitude measurement.
引文
[1]Rapine R,Ni J,Hearn T.Regional wave-propagationin China and its surrounding regions.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.,1997,87:1622~1636
[2]Mitchell B,Pan Y,Xie J,et al.LgcodaQvariation across Eurasia and its relation to crustal evolution.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102:22767~2279
[3]李光品,徐果明,高尔根等.中国东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维层析成像.地震学报,2000,22(1):73~81Li GP,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.Tomography under the crust and upper mantle in Eastern China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(1):73~81
[4]Cong L L,Hu J F,Fu Z,et al.Distribution of Lg codaQin the Chinese continent andits adjacent regions.Science in China(Series D),2003,46(6):530~539
[5]洪学海,朱介寿,曹家敏等.中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维层析成像.地球物理学报,2003,46(5):642~651Hong X H,Zhu J S,Cao J M,et al.Tomography of3-D S-wave qualityfactor of the crust and upper mantle in China.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2003,46(5):642~651
[6]胡家富,丛连理,苏有锦等.云南及周边地区Lg尾波Q值的分布特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):1157~1164Hu J F,Cong LL,Su YJ,et al.Distribution characteristics of Lg codaQin Yunnan andits adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2003,46(6):1157~1164
[7]ZhaoJ,Zhang X,Deng H,et al.Qvalue structure of the upper crust along the geoscience transect from Baicheng to Da Qaidam.Chinese J.Geophys.,2003,46(5):725~735
[8]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究—Lg尾波Q的测量.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):822~832Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.Astudy of Lg attenuation in North China-the measurement of Lg codaQ.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2004,47(5):822~832
[9]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究—Lg尾波Q0地震成像.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1044~1052Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.Astudy of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:seismic imaging of Lg codaQ0.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1044~1052
[10]Xie J,Gok R,Ni J,Aoki Y.Lateral variations of crustal seismic attenuation along the INDEPTH profiles in Tibet from LgQ inversion.J.Geophys.Res.,109,B10318,doi:10.1030,2004
[11]Maceira M,Taylor S,Ammon C,et al.High resolution Rayleigh wave slowness tomography of central Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,B06314,doi:10.1030/2004JB003430
[12]胡鸿翔,陆涵行,王椿镛等.滇西地区地壳结构的爆破地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,30(2):133~144Hu HX,Lu HX,Wang C Y,et a1.Exploration investigation of the crustal structure in western Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,30(2):133~144
[13]熊绍柏,郑晔,尹周勋等.丽江一攀枝花一者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):434~443Xiong S B,Zheng Y,Yin Z X,et al.The2-Dstructure and it’s tectonic implications of the crust in the Lijiang-Panzhihua-Zhehai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(4):434~443
[14]刘建华,刘福田,吴华等.中国南北带地壳和上地幔的三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1989,33(2):143~151Liu J H,Liu F T,Wu H,et al.Three dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath North-South zone in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,33(2):143~151
[15]HuangJ L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithopheric structure and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity in southwest China.J Geophys Res.,2002,107,NO.BIO,2255,doi:10.1030/2000JB000137
[16]王椿镛,Mooney WD,王溪莉等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,2002,24(1):1~16Wang C Y,Mooney W D,Wang X L.Study on3-D velocity structure of crustal and upper mantle in Sichuan~Yunan region,China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(1):1~16
[17]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台网下方的S波速度结构研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):229~237Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modeling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):229~237
[18]胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8):714~722Hu J F,Su YJ,Zhu X G,et a1.S-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication.Science in China(Ser.D)(in Chinese),2003,33(8):714~722
[19]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601Gao X,Wang WM,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of China mainland and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):591~601
[20]黄金莉,宋晓东,汪素云.川滇地区上地幔顶部Pn速度细结构.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):144~150HuangJ L,Song X D,Wang S Y.Fine structure of Pn velocity beneath Sichuan-Yunnan region.Science in China(Series D),2003,46(Suppl.):201~209
[21]何正勤,苏伟,叶太兰.云南地区的短周期面波相速度层析成像研究.地震学报,2004,26(6):583~590He Z Q,Su W,Ye TL.Seismictomographyof Yunnanregion using short-period surface wave phase velocity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,26(6):583~590
[22]Sanders C O.Local earthquake tomography:attenuation theory and results.In:Iyer H,Hirahara Keds.Seismic Tomography:Theory and Practice.Chapman and Hall,NewYork,1993,676~694
[23]Haberland C,Rietbrock A.Attenuation tomography in the western central Andes:A detailed insight into the structure of a magmatic arc.J.Geophys.Res.2001,106:11151~11167
[24]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.1970,75:4997~5009
[25]Hearn T M,Ni J.Pn velocities beneath continental collision zones,the Turkish-Iranian plateau.Geophys.J.Int.,1994,117:273~293
[26]Paige C C,Saunders MA.LSQR,An algorithmfor sparse linear equations and sparse linear system.ACMTrans.Math.Software,1982,8:43~71
[27]Lees J M,Crosson RS.Tomographic inversionforthree-dimensional velocity structure at mount St.Helens using earthquake data.J.Geophys.Res.1989,94:5716~5729
[28]Pei S P,Zhao J M,Rowe C A,et al.MLamplitude tomographyin North China.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.2006,96(4A):1560~1566
[29]刘杰,郑斯华,黄玉龙.利用遗传算法反演非弹性衰减系数、震源参数和场地响应.地震学报,2003,25(2):211~218Liu J,Zheng S H,Huang Y L.The inversion of non-elasticity coefficient,source parameters,site response using Genetic Algorithms.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(2):211~218
[30]Mitchell BJ.An elastic structure and evolution of continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation.Rev of Geophysics,1995,33(4):441~462
[31]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录.北京:地震出版社,1995.1~633The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of The State Seismological Bureau.Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.1~633
[32]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.1~513The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of The State Seismological Bureau.Catalogue of Later-Day Earthquake(in Chinese).Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999.1~513
[33]安艺敬一.构造活动性的地球物理标志—尾波品质因素(魏淳译).世界地震译丛,1991,000(003):68~87Aki K.The geophysics symbol of tectonic activity-quality factor of coda wave(translated by Wei C).Translated WorldSeismology(in Chinese),1991,000(003):68~87
[34]胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611~626Hu S B,He LJ,Wang J Y.Compilation of heat flowdata in the China continental area(3rd edition).Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):611~626
[2]Mitchell B,Pan Y,Xie J,et al.LgcodaQvariation across Eurasia and its relation to crustal evolution.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102:22767~2279
[3]李光品,徐果明,高尔根等.中国东部地壳、上地幔横波品质因子的三维层析成像.地震学报,2000,22(1):73~81Li GP,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.Tomography under the crust and upper mantle in Eastern China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2000,22(1):73~81
[4]Cong L L,Hu J F,Fu Z,et al.Distribution of Lg codaQin the Chinese continent andits adjacent regions.Science in China(Series D),2003,46(6):530~539
[5]洪学海,朱介寿,曹家敏等.中国大陆地壳上地幔S波品质因子三维层析成像.地球物理学报,2003,46(5):642~651Hong X H,Zhu J S,Cao J M,et al.Tomography of3-D S-wave qualityfactor of the crust and upper mantle in China.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2003,46(5):642~651
[6]胡家富,丛连理,苏有锦等.云南及周边地区Lg尾波Q值的分布特征.地球物理学报,2003,46(6):1157~1164Hu J F,Cong LL,Su YJ,et al.Distribution characteristics of Lg codaQin Yunnan andits adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2003,46(6):1157~1164
[7]ZhaoJ,Zhang X,Deng H,et al.Qvalue structure of the upper crust along the geoscience transect from Baicheng to Da Qaidam.Chinese J.Geophys.,2003,46(5):725~735
[8]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究—Lg尾波Q的测量.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):822~832Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.Astudy of Lg attenuation in North China-the measurement of Lg codaQ.Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2004,47(5):822~832
[9]刘建华,刘福田,阎晓蔚等.华北地区Lg尾波衰减研究—Lg尾波Q0地震成像.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1044~1052Liu J H,Liu F T,Yan X W,et al.Astudy of Lg coda attenuation beneath North China:seismic imaging of Lg codaQ0.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1044~1052
[10]Xie J,Gok R,Ni J,Aoki Y.Lateral variations of crustal seismic attenuation along the INDEPTH profiles in Tibet from LgQ inversion.J.Geophys.Res.,109,B10318,doi:10.1030,2004
[11]Maceira M,Taylor S,Ammon C,et al.High resolution Rayleigh wave slowness tomography of central Asia.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,B06314,doi:10.1030/2004JB003430
[12]胡鸿翔,陆涵行,王椿镛等.滇西地区地壳结构的爆破地震研究.地球物理学报,1986,30(2):133~144Hu HX,Lu HX,Wang C Y,et a1.Exploration investigation of the crustal structure in western Yunnan province.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,30(2):133~144
[13]熊绍柏,郑晔,尹周勋等.丽江一攀枝花一者海地带二维地壳结构及其构造意义.地球物理学报,1993,36(4):434~443Xiong S B,Zheng Y,Yin Z X,et al.The2-Dstructure and it’s tectonic implications of the crust in the Lijiang-Panzhihua-Zhehai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(4):434~443
[14]刘建华,刘福田,吴华等.中国南北带地壳和上地幔的三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1989,33(2):143~151Liu J H,Liu F T,Wu H,et al.Three dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath North-South zone in China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,33(2):143~151
[15]HuangJ L,Zhao D P,Zheng S H.Lithopheric structure and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity in southwest China.J Geophys Res.,2002,107,NO.BIO,2255,doi:10.1030/2000JB000137
[16]王椿镛,Mooney WD,王溪莉等.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,2002,24(1):1~16Wang C Y,Mooney W D,Wang X L.Study on3-D velocity structure of crustal and upper mantle in Sichuan~Yunan region,China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(1):1~16
[17]吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.云南数字地震台网下方的S波速度结构研究.地球物理学报,2001,44(2):229~237Wu J P,Ming Y H,Wang C Y.The S wave velocity structure beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan province inferred from teleseismic receiver function modeling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(2):229~237
[18]胡家富,苏有锦,朱雄关等.云南的地壳S波速度与泊松比结构及其意义.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(8):714~722Hu J F,Su YJ,Zhu X G,et a1.S-wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication.Science in China(Ser.D)(in Chinese),2003,33(8):714~722
[19]高星,王卫民,姚振兴.中国及邻近地区地壳结构.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):591~601Gao X,Wang WM,Yao Z X.Crustal structure of China mainland and its adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):591~601
[20]黄金莉,宋晓东,汪素云.川滇地区上地幔顶部Pn速度细结构.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(增刊):144~150HuangJ L,Song X D,Wang S Y.Fine structure of Pn velocity beneath Sichuan-Yunnan region.Science in China(Series D),2003,46(Suppl.):201~209
[21]何正勤,苏伟,叶太兰.云南地区的短周期面波相速度层析成像研究.地震学报,2004,26(6):583~590He Z Q,Su W,Ye TL.Seismictomographyof Yunnanregion using short-period surface wave phase velocity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,26(6):583~590
[22]Sanders C O.Local earthquake tomography:attenuation theory and results.In:Iyer H,Hirahara Keds.Seismic Tomography:Theory and Practice.Chapman and Hall,NewYork,1993,676~694
[23]Haberland C,Rietbrock A.Attenuation tomography in the western central Andes:A detailed insight into the structure of a magmatic arc.J.Geophys.Res.2001,106:11151~11167
[24]Brune J N.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves fromearthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.1970,75:4997~5009
[25]Hearn T M,Ni J.Pn velocities beneath continental collision zones,the Turkish-Iranian plateau.Geophys.J.Int.,1994,117:273~293
[26]Paige C C,Saunders MA.LSQR,An algorithmfor sparse linear equations and sparse linear system.ACMTrans.Math.Software,1982,8:43~71
[27]Lees J M,Crosson RS.Tomographic inversionforthree-dimensional velocity structure at mount St.Helens using earthquake data.J.Geophys.Res.1989,94:5716~5729
[28]Pei S P,Zhao J M,Rowe C A,et al.MLamplitude tomographyin North China.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.2006,96(4A):1560~1566
[29]刘杰,郑斯华,黄玉龙.利用遗传算法反演非弹性衰减系数、震源参数和场地响应.地震学报,2003,25(2):211~218Liu J,Zheng S H,Huang Y L.The inversion of non-elasticity coefficient,source parameters,site response using Genetic Algorithms.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(2):211~218
[30]Mitchell BJ.An elastic structure and evolution of continental crust and upper mantle from seismic surface wave attenuation.Rev of Geophysics,1995,33(4):441~462
[31]国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录.北京:地震出版社,1995.1~633The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of The State Seismological Bureau.Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.1~633
[32]中国地震局震害防御司.中国近代地震目录.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1999.1~513The Earthquake Disaster Prevention Department of The State Seismological Bureau.Catalogue of Later-Day Earthquake(in Chinese).Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1999.1~513
[33]安艺敬一.构造活动性的地球物理标志—尾波品质因素(魏淳译).世界地震译丛,1991,000(003):68~87Aki K.The geophysics symbol of tectonic activity-quality factor of coda wave(translated by Wei C).Translated WorldSeismology(in Chinese),1991,000(003):68~87
[34]胡圣标,何丽娟,汪集.中国大陆地区大地热流数据汇编(第三版).地球物理学报,2001,44(5):611~626Hu S B,He LJ,Wang J Y.Compilation of heat flowdata in the China continental area(3rd edition).Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):611~626
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