线性时频分析方法综述
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摘要
较详细地综述了目前已有的短时傅里叶变换、小波变换、S变换和广义S变换等几种线性时频分析方法,概括了线性时频分析方法的特点和优缺点,阐述了各种方法的发展历程。窗函数对分辨率影响巨大,是线性时频分析方法的关键,通过对窗函数的调节和改进,可以得到不同的线性时频分析方法和相对应的时频分辨率。理论分析和试验表明,广义S变换的时频窗口能够随着频率尺度自适应地调整,具有较高的时频分辨率,在应用中具有更高的实用性和灵活性。利用广义S变换对地震数据体进行谱分解,可以得到更丰富的地震属性信息,对储层预测和油气识别有重要作用。
This paper reviewed several linear time-frequency analysis methods,including short-time Fourier transform,wavelet transform,S transform and generalized S transform,and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method and its development process.Through the adjustment and optimization of window functions,we can obtain different linear time-frequency analysis methods and commensurate time and frequency resolution.Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the time-frequency window of generalized S transform can be adjusted adaptively with frequency scale,which ensures that the generalized S transform has a higher time-frequency resolution and better practicality and flexibility in applications.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with generalized S transform contains more seismic attribute information,which is vital for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection.
This paper reviewed several linear time-frequency analysis methods,including short-time Fourier transform,wavelet transform,S transform and generalized S transform,and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method and its development process.Through the adjustment and optimization of window functions,we can obtain different linear time-frequency analysis methods and commensurate time and frequency resolution.Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the time-frequency window of generalized S transform can be adjusted adaptively with frequency scale,which ensures that the generalized S transform has a higher time-frequency resolution and better practicality and flexibility in applications.Spectral decomposition of seismic data with generalized S transform contains more seismic attribute information,which is vital for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detection.
引文
1刘喜武,张宁,勾永峰,等.地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):743~753
2 Koenig R,Dunn H K,Lucy L Y.The sound spectro-graph[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of A-merica,1946,18(1):19~49
3 Grossmann A,Morlet J,Paul T.Transforms associatedto square integrable group representations.I.Generalresults[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1985,26:2 473~2 479
4 Meyer Y.Wavelets:Algorithms and Applications[M].Philadelphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathe-matics,1993.11~196
5 Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of thecomplex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactionson Signal Processing,1996,17:998~1 001
6 Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381~385
7 Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.Time-local spectral analy-sis for non-stationary time series:the S-transform fornoisy signals[J].Fluctuation and Noise Letters,2003,3(3):357~364
8高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526~532
9高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别办法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869~875
10刘喜武,年静波,刘洪.基于广义S变换的地震波能量衰减分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):20~24
11陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.基于广义S变换的信号提取与抑噪[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(4):331~335
12 Jone D,Baraniuk R.An adaptive optimum kernel time-frequency representation[J].IEEE Transactions onSignal Processing,1995,43:2 361~2 371
13邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):246~250
14陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1 180~1 185
15杨哂哂,李明,顾学康.四种时频分析方法的频率分辨率研究[J].现代电子技术,2008,11:37~39
16 McFaden P D,Cook J G,Forster L M.Decompositionof gear vibration signals by generalized S-transform[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1999,13(5):691~707
17刘百红,郑四连,任鹏.时频分析技术及其在储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(3):219~224
18杨林.地震频谱分解技术应用中有关问题的讨论[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):405~409
2 Koenig R,Dunn H K,Lucy L Y.The sound spectro-graph[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of A-merica,1946,18(1):19~49
3 Grossmann A,Morlet J,Paul T.Transforms associatedto square integrable group representations.I.Generalresults[J].Journal of Mathematical Physics,1985,26:2 473~2 479
4 Meyer Y.Wavelets:Algorithms and Applications[M].Philadelphia:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathe-matics,1993.11~196
5 Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of thecomplex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactionson Signal Processing,1996,17:998~1 001
6 Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.The S-transform with win-dows of arbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):381~385
7 Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.Time-local spectral analy-sis for non-stationary time series:the S-transform fornoisy signals[J].Fluctuation and Noise Letters,2003,3(3):357~364
8高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526~532
9高静怀,满蔚仕,陈树民.广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别办法[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):869~875
10刘喜武,年静波,刘洪.基于广义S变换的地震波能量衰减分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(1):20~24
11陈学华,贺振华,黄德济.基于广义S变换的信号提取与抑噪[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,33(4):331~335
12 Jone D,Baraniuk R.An adaptive optimum kernel time-frequency representation[J].IEEE Transactions onSignal Processing,1995,43:2 361~2 371
13邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):246~250
14陈雨红,杨长春,曹齐放,等.几种时频分析方法比较[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1 180~1 185
15杨哂哂,李明,顾学康.四种时频分析方法的频率分辨率研究[J].现代电子技术,2008,11:37~39
16 McFaden P D,Cook J G,Forster L M.Decompositionof gear vibration signals by generalized S-transform[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,1999,13(5):691~707
17刘百红,郑四连,任鹏.时频分析技术及其在储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(3):219~224
18杨林.地震频谱分解技术应用中有关问题的讨论[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):405~409
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