地面微测井在山地表层结构调查中的应用
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摘要
镇巴山地二维工区地表地质条件复杂,低、降速带厚度和速度复杂多变,无法采用小折射方法进行表层结构调查。同时,山高缺水也影响到传统井中微测井和双井微测井的施工效率和资料采集质量。为了获得准确的表层结构调查结果,做好山地地震勘探激发井深的设计和静校正工作,探讨了地面微测井及其改进方法的施工难点与对策。对地面微测井、井中微测井和双井微测井方法进行了对比试验,有水地区的3种方法原始记录都很好;在无水地区,井中微测井原始记录出现了初至突变、时间不准等问题,而地面微测井获得的原始记录初至清晰、起跳干脆,记录面貌好。对镇巴山地二维工区供水方便的194和1266桩号的解释成果进行了同点对比,不同方法采集的结果基本一致,说明山地探区应用地面微测井进行表层结构调查是可行的。综合分析表明,地面微测井不仅可以有效解决山地工区地表条件复杂、山高缺水影响施工效率和资料采集质量的问题,得到准确的低、降速带厚度和速度资料,而且可以直接借用地震勘探中的炮井,增加微测井分布密度,更大程度地节约成本。
Shallow refraction survey fails to yield desired results because the thickness and velocity of the near surface are varied in Zhenba mountainous area. And the data quality and effectiveness of down-hole method and dual uphole method are impaired due to lake of water. This paper investigated the difficulties of uphole methods and proposed some countermeasures. The data quality from uphole method, down-hole method and dual uphole method are basically the same in areas with sufficient water, whereas down-hole methods suffer from incorrect time and abrupt change of first arrival in areas without enough water as show from the comparison of the results at stake 194 and 1266. It is concluded that uphole methods are applicable for near surface investigation in mountainous areas. The efficiency of the uphole methods can further be improved by adopting the shot holes of seismic acquisition.
Shallow refraction survey fails to yield desired results because the thickness and velocity of the near surface are varied in Zhenba mountainous area. And the data quality and effectiveness of down-hole method and dual uphole method are impaired due to lake of water. This paper investigated the difficulties of uphole methods and proposed some countermeasures. The data quality from uphole method, down-hole method and dual uphole method are basically the same in areas with sufficient water, whereas down-hole methods suffer from incorrect time and abrupt change of first arrival in areas without enough water as show from the comparison of the results at stake 194 and 1266. It is concluded that uphole methods are applicable for near surface investigation in mountainous areas. The efficiency of the uphole methods can further be improved by adopting the shot holes of seismic acquisition.
引文
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2李伊克,常旭,王辉,等.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(2):272~277
3杨子健,宋国良,蒋爱农.全方位表层结构调查方法在松南长岭凹陷腰英台工区的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):67~71
4陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1993.1~380
5王俊如,李红阳.地震表层研究中的若干试验与分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):231~236
6李天树,陈宝德,苏德仁.双井微测井技术在表层结构调查中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):471~474
7杨海申,何庆华,梁秀文,等.VSP三分量微测井技术在表层调查中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):97~102
8郭全仕.井间三分量检波器方位估算[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):318~321
9何明智,杨飚,林明强.吐哈盆地山地三维地震勘探技术应用效果[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(4):35~40
10曹务祥,李海翔.横波微测井转换波静校正方法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(5):353~356
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