四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞一——飞三段孤立碳酸盐岩台地沉积相及相关研究
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摘要
四川盆地东北部在早三叠世飞仙关期的大部分时间内(飞一—飞三期)属于四周被深水海槽围绕的、受南秦岭海演化拉张断裂而形成的一个碳酸盐孤立台地环境,随四级海平面的升降变化、开江—梁平海槽的逐渐关闭和城口—鄂西海槽的东移,各种孤立台地亚相发生移动和转变,最终在飞三晚期至飞四早期孤立台地转化合并为川东北大型连陆台地。根据区域地质背景和地层沉积特征(岩性、古生物、沉积构造、测井)研究,划分了潟湖(包括蒸发潟湖、局限潟湖、半局限潟湖和点滩)、台地边缘鲕滩、斜坡、海槽4个亚相;建立出孤立台地的沉积立体模式并分析了沉积相从飞一飞三期的展布及演化过程;最后着重剖析了具备后期形成良好储层条件的孤立台地边缘鲕滩相带的迁移性、储层发育不均一性、测井和地震特征,沉积相对鲕滩气藏分布的控制,最后对孤立台地边缘鲕滩相中有望成为新的天然气勘探突破区进行了地震横向分布预测。
In most times of the Early Triassic Feixianguanian age (from phases 1 to 3), the northeastern Sichuan basin was in an environment of isolated carbonate platforms surrounded by a deep sea trough and formed by extensional faulting during the evolution of the South Qinling Mountain ocean. Concomitantly with the sea-level change, gradual closing of the Kaijiang-Liangping sea trough and eastward migration of the Chenkou-Exi sea trough, various isolated carbonate platform subfacies moved and were transformed, and finally the isolated carbonate platforms were transformed and amalgamated into a unifying large-scale land platform in northeastern Sichuan from the late part of the third phase to the early part of the fourth phase of the Feixianguanan age. On the basis of the regional geological setting and sedimentary characteristics (lithology character, paleontology, sedimentary structure and logging), the lagoon (including evaporative lagoon, restricted lagoon, semi-restricted lagoon and point beaches), platform-margin oolitic beach, slope and sea trough subfacies. A stereoscopic depositional model of isolated platforms was constructed and the distribution and evolutionary process of sedimentary facies from phases 1 to 3 of the Feixianguanan age were analyzed. Finally the authors analyzed the migration of the platform-margin oolitic beach facies belt that had conditions for the formation of good reservoirs in the late stage, inhomogeneity and log and seismic characteristics of the reservoirs and control of sedimentary facies on the distribution of oolitic beach gas reservoirs and made seismic lateral distribution forecast for the areas in platform-margin oolitic beach facies which are expected to become new breakthrough areas of gas exploration.
In most times of the Early Triassic Feixianguanian age (from phases 1 to 3), the northeastern Sichuan basin was in an environment of isolated carbonate platforms surrounded by a deep sea trough and formed by extensional faulting during the evolution of the South Qinling Mountain ocean. Concomitantly with the sea-level change, gradual closing of the Kaijiang-Liangping sea trough and eastward migration of the Chenkou-Exi sea trough, various isolated carbonate platform subfacies moved and were transformed, and finally the isolated carbonate platforms were transformed and amalgamated into a unifying large-scale land platform in northeastern Sichuan from the late part of the third phase to the early part of the fourth phase of the Feixianguanan age. On the basis of the regional geological setting and sedimentary characteristics (lithology character, paleontology, sedimentary structure and logging), the lagoon (including evaporative lagoon, restricted lagoon, semi-restricted lagoon and point beaches), platform-margin oolitic beach, slope and sea trough subfacies. A stereoscopic depositional model of isolated platforms was constructed and the distribution and evolutionary process of sedimentary facies from phases 1 to 3 of the Feixianguanan age were analyzed. Finally the authors analyzed the migration of the platform-margin oolitic beach facies belt that had conditions for the formation of good reservoirs in the late stage, inhomogeneity and log and seismic characteristics of the reservoirs and control of sedimentary facies on the distribution of oolitic beach gas reservoirs and made seismic lateral distribution forecast for the areas in platform-margin oolitic beach facies which are expected to become new breakthrough areas of gas exploration.
引文
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[2]Tucker M E,Wright V P.Carbonate Sedimentology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Scicetific Publication,1990:1-428(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]梅冥相.碳酸盐旋回与层序[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1995:1-206.Mei Mingxiang.Cycle and Bed Succession of Carbonate[M].Guiyang:Guizhou Science and Technology Press,1995:1-206(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]梅冥相,马永生,周丕康,等.碳酸盐沉积学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1997:51-65.Meimingxiang,Mayongsheng,Zhoupikang,et al.Introduction of Carbonate Deposition[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997:51-65(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]Johnson M E,Baarli B G.Diversification of rocky-shore biotas through geologic time[J].Geobios,1999,32(2):257-273(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]戎嘉余,Johnson M E,Baarli B G,等.中朝板块北缘志留纪海岛的发现[J].科学通报,2000,45(20):2227-2231.Rongjiayu,Johnson M E,Baarli B G,et al.The discover of island of Silurian Period in north fringe ofChinaand Koreaplate slab[J].Science Journal,2000,45(20):2227-2231(in Chinese).
[7]Tucker,Wright,Dickson.Carbonate Sedimentology[M].Blackwell Scientific Publication,1990.
[8]Tucker M E.Carbonate Diagenesis and Sequence[M].1993.
[9]姜在兴.沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:407-410.Jiang Zaixing.Sedimentology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2003:181-217(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.四川盆地北部开江-梁平海槽边界及特征初探[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(1):99-105.Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Yang Wei,et al.Preliminary study of the boundary of Kaijiang-Liangping trough in northern Sichuan basin and its characteristics[J].Oil and gas Geology,2006,27(1):99-105(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):254-260.Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Yang Wei,et al.Sedimentary system of platformal through in Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic in northern Sichuan basin and its evolution[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):254-260(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]王英华.中、下扬子区海相碳酸盐成岩作用研究[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991:58-67.Wang Yinghua.The Studying of Diagenesis of Marine Facies Carbonate Rock on the Middle and Down Yangzi District[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Press,1991:58-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]刘宝珺,沉积成岩作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:36-41.Liu Baoqun,Deposition and Diagenesis[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992:36-41(in Chinese with English abstract).
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