基于GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统的研究
|
摘要
以地理信息系统 (GIS)为平台 ,集成决策支持系统 (DSS) ,研究开发了“基于 GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统”。该系统包括基础信息子系统、灾害信息子系统、危险源管理子系统、火灾分析子系统、洪灾分析子系统、地震分析子系统、风灾分析子系统、公共安全规划子系统、应急决策子系统和系统总控模块等。剖析了当前城市公共安全决策模式的弊端 ,介绍了该系统的结构框架和各子系统的功能 ,提出了一种快速、高效构建城市基础空间数据库的技术方案 ,并探讨了该系统与城市公共安全体制的融合机制问题。实践证明 ,在对城市可视化与数字化的基础上 ,该系统能够实现城市灾害信息的科学管理 ,各种灾害分析模拟 ,公共安全规划以及应急决策支持 ,从而有效提高突发性城市公共安全应急的效率和响应速度 ,为城市公共安全的应急工作提供了有效的辅助手段
The paper aims to introduce the process of developing the emergency decision support system of urban community safety. As is known, the decisions towards unexpected accidents in the city mainly traditionally rely on the experience and ability of the decision-makers, which inevitably involves too many subjective factors and unavoidable consequences in the process of emergency response. This accounts for the geographic information systems integration with the decision support system to be adopted for the development of the urban community safety emergency decision support systems. The present author intends to illustrate the goals, structural framework and functions of the systems. In addition, we also suggest the necessary technological scheme to build a high-speed and highly efficient spatial database. Based on the visualization and digitalization of infrastructure and disaster information, the decision support system incorporated with the disaster information management, disaster prevention plan and emergency decision pattern has been established, so as to provide the decision-makers with the power to choose schemes to manage and direct the actions to be taken more efficiently in the process of immediate and long term recovery.
The paper aims to introduce the process of developing the emergency decision support system of urban community safety. As is known, the decisions towards unexpected accidents in the city mainly traditionally rely on the experience and ability of the decision-makers, which inevitably involves too many subjective factors and unavoidable consequences in the process of emergency response. This accounts for the geographic information systems integration with the decision support system to be adopted for the development of the urban community safety emergency decision support systems. The present author intends to illustrate the goals, structural framework and functions of the systems. In addition, we also suggest the necessary technological scheme to build a high-speed and highly efficient spatial database. Based on the visualization and digitalization of infrastructure and disaster information, the decision support system incorporated with the disaster information management, disaster prevention plan and emergency decision pattern has been established, so as to provide the decision-makers with the power to choose schemes to manage and direct the actions to be taken more efficiently in the process of immediate and long term recovery.
引文
[1] XuZhisheng(徐志胜),FengKai(冯凯) andBaiGuoqiang(白国强).Elementary study on the sustainable development theoryof urban community safety[J],ChinaSaf etyScienceJournal(中国安全科学学报),2004,14(1):3～6
[2] JinLei(金磊).Principle ofUrbanH azards(城市灾害学原理)[M].Beijing:MeteorologicalPress,1997.128
[3]JohnA Cross.Megacities and small towns:differentperspectives on hazard vulnerability[J].EnvironmentalH azards,2001,3:63～80
[4] MaShiyuan(马士元).Study f orEstablishing aStructure ofIntegratedEmergency/DisasterManagementSystem(整合性灾害防救体系架构之探讨)[D]:[PhD thesis].Taiwan:TaiwanU niversity,2002
[5]ChenShupeng(陈述彭).Urbanization&UrbanGeographicInformationSystem(城市化与城市地理信息系统)[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2001
[6] AndreZerger andDavidIngleSmith.Impediments to usingGISfor real-time disaster decision support[J].Computers,EnvironmentandUrbanSystems,2003,27:123～141
[7]XuZhisheng(徐志胜),FengKai(冯凯) andF engChunying(冯春莹).Application ofVR-GIS technology to analysis andsimulation of flood undulation in sm all towns[J].Journal ofDisasterPrevention andMitigationEngineering(防灾减灾工程学报),2004,24(3):247～251
[8]LiJie(李杰) andJiangJianhua(江建华).Hazard analysissystem of urban post-earthquake fire based onGIS[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica(地震学报),2001(7):420～426
[9] FengKai(冯凯),XuZhisheng(徐志胜),FengChunying(冯春莹).Study onGIS-based decision support system for reducingdisasters of infrastructure in small towns[J].ChinaSaf etyScienceJournal(中国安全科学学报),2004,14(6):74～77
[2] JinLei(金磊).Principle ofUrbanH azards(城市灾害学原理)[M].Beijing:MeteorologicalPress,1997.128
[3]JohnA Cross.Megacities and small towns:differentperspectives on hazard vulnerability[J].EnvironmentalH azards,2001,3:63～80
[4] MaShiyuan(马士元).Study f orEstablishing aStructure ofIntegratedEmergency/DisasterManagementSystem(整合性灾害防救体系架构之探讨)[D]:[PhD thesis].Taiwan:TaiwanU niversity,2002
[5]ChenShupeng(陈述彭).Urbanization&UrbanGeographicInformationSystem(城市化与城市地理信息系统)[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2001
[6] AndreZerger andDavidIngleSmith.Impediments to usingGISfor real-time disaster decision support[J].Computers,EnvironmentandUrbanSystems,2003,27:123～141
[7]XuZhisheng(徐志胜),FengKai(冯凯) andF engChunying(冯春莹).Application ofVR-GIS technology to analysis andsimulation of flood undulation in sm all towns[J].Journal ofDisasterPrevention andMitigationEngineering(防灾减灾工程学报),2004,24(3):247～251
[8]LiJie(李杰) andJiangJianhua(江建华).Hazard analysissystem of urban post-earthquake fire based onGIS[J].ActaSeismologicaSinica(地震学报),2001(7):420～426
[9] FengKai(冯凯),XuZhisheng(徐志胜),FengChunying(冯春莹).Study onGIS-based decision support system for reducingdisasters of infrastructure in small towns[J].ChinaSaf etyScienceJournal(中国安全科学学报),2004,14(6):74～77
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心