云南地区尾波衰减特征研究
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摘要
利用22个云南区域数字地震台网近震资料,研究了云南地区地震尾波在1~20HZ内6个频段的衰减特征.首先使用单次散射模型计算各台站的尾波衰减系数QC~(-1);然后利用随机各向同性散射介质均匀分布的多次散射模型,使用多流逝时间窗分析方法,计算各台站的平均自由程LE和地震反照率B0,得到总衰减系数QT~(-1),并从中分离散射衰减系数QS~(-1)、吸收衰减系数QI~(-1).云南地区基本衰减特征是LE主要集中在10~30KM内,在2~6HZ之间有最大值;B0在1~2HZ大致为0.5左右,在其它频段则小于0.5.也即在1~2HZ,QI~(-1)与QS~(-1)数值相当,其它频段QI-1逐渐大于QS~(-1),成为尾波总衰减的主要原因.除1~2HZ外,其它频段QC~(-1)值接近QI~(-1).云南地区的Q~(-1)尤其是QS~(-1),在空间上有较大的差异,滇东略微高于滇西北,滇西北高于滇西南地区.与全球其它区域的研究结果比较发现,云南地区QS~(-1)略低于平均水平,QI~(-1)略高于平均水平,而QT~(-1)则处于其它区域结果的中间.
The characteristics of seismic coda wave attenuation in Yunnan area in 7 frequency bands from 1 Hz to 20 Hz were estimated by using the local earthquake′s waveform data recorded from 22 Yunnan digital seismic stations. Coda attenuation Q~ -1 _c of each station was firstly calculated by single scattering method. Then, mean free path L_e and seismic albedo B_0 of each station were calculated, and scattering attenuation Q~ -1 _s and intrinsic attenuation Q~ -1 _i were separated from total attenuation Q~ -1 _t by multiple lapse time window analysis based on the multiple scattering model in uniform random isotropic scattering medium. The attenuating characteristics in Yunnan show that most value of L_e are in 10~30 km, with maxima within 2~6 Hz; B_0 are about 0.5 at 1~2 Hz, but less than 0.5 at other frequency bands, which means after 1~2 Hz, Q~ -1 _i is greater than Q~ -1 _s and dominates the attenuation process. Q~ -1 _c is close to Q~ -1 _i at other frequency bands except 1~2 Hz. Results show that Q~ -1 especially Q~ -1 _s varies spatially, Q~ -1 in eastern Yunnan zone is a bit higher than in northwestern Yunnan zone, northwestern Yunnan zone higher than southwestern Yunnan zone. Comparing with other results in global, Q~ -1 _s in Yunnan is lower than the global average value among these results, Q~ -1 _i is higher than the global average value, and Q~ -1 _t lays the middle among these results.
The characteristics of seismic coda wave attenuation in Yunnan area in 7 frequency bands from 1 Hz to 20 Hz were estimated by using the local earthquake′s waveform data recorded from 22 Yunnan digital seismic stations. Coda attenuation Q~ -1 _c of each station was firstly calculated by single scattering method. Then, mean free path L_e and seismic albedo B_0 of each station were calculated, and scattering attenuation Q~ -1 _s and intrinsic attenuation Q~ -1 _i were separated from total attenuation Q~ -1 _t by multiple lapse time window analysis based on the multiple scattering model in uniform random isotropic scattering medium. The attenuating characteristics in Yunnan show that most value of L_e are in 10~30 km, with maxima within 2~6 Hz; B_0 are about 0.5 at 1~2 Hz, but less than 0.5 at other frequency bands, which means after 1~2 Hz, Q~ -1 _i is greater than Q~ -1 _s and dominates the attenuation process. Q~ -1 _c is close to Q~ -1 _i at other frequency bands except 1~2 Hz. Results show that Q~ -1 especially Q~ -1 _s varies spatially, Q~ -1 in eastern Yunnan zone is a bit higher than in northwestern Yunnan zone, northwestern Yunnan zone higher than southwestern Yunnan zone. Comparing with other results in global, Q~ -1 _s in Yunnan is lower than the global average value among these results, Q~ -1 _i is higher than the global average value, and Q~ -1 _t lays the middle among these results.
引文
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ZENGY,SUF,AKIK.1993.THEORYOFSCATTERREDPANDSWAVESINARANDOMISOTROPICSCATTERINGMEDIUM[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,83:1264~1276
虢顺民,向宏发,徐锡伟,等.1999.滇西南龙陵-澜沧断裂带:大陆地壳上一条新生的破裂带[J].地震地质,22(3):277~284
秦嘉政,阚荣举.1986.用近震尾波估算昆明及其周围地区的Q值和地震矩[J].地球物理学报,29(2):145~156
苏有锦,秦嘉政.2001.川滇地区强地震活动与区域新构造运动的关系[J].中国地震,17(1):24~34
王庆延,熊熊,蒋福珍.2002.三江地区盐源-丽江及川滇地块的地震活动与构造运动态势[J].大地测量与地球动力学,22(2):91~96
张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.2003.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学,D辑,133(增刊):12~19
AKIK.1980.ATTENUATIONOFSHEAR-WAVESINTHELITHOSPHEREFORFREQUENCIESFROM0.05TO25HZ[J].PHYSEARTHPLANETINT,21:50~60
AKIK.1992.SCATTERINGCONVERSIONPTOSVSSTOP[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,82:1969~1972
AKIK,CHOUETB.1975.ORIGINOFCODAWAVES:SOURCE,ATTENUATIONANDSCATTERINGEFFECTS[J].JGEOPHYSRES,80:3322~3342
AKIK,RICHARDSPG.1980.定量地震学理论和方法,第2卷[M].北京:地震出版社,193~199
BIANCOF,DELPEZZOE,CASTELLANOM,ETAL.2002.SEPARATIONOFINTRINSICANDSCATTERINGSEISMICATTENUATIONINTHESOUTH-ERNAPENNINEZONE,ITALY[J].GEOPHYSJINT,150:10~22
CANASJA,UGALDEA,PUJADESLG,ETAL.1998.INTRINSICANDSCATTERINGSEISMICWAVEATTENUATIONINTHECANARYISLANDS[J].JGEOPHYSRES,103:15037~15050
DAINTYAM.1981.ASCATTERINGMODELTOEXPLAINSEISMICQOBSERVATIONSINTHELITHOSPHEREBETWEEN1AND30HZ[J].GEO-PHYSRESLETT,8:1126~1128
DUTTAU,BISWASNN,ADAMSDA,ETAL.2004.ANALYSISOFS-WAVEATTENUATIONINSOUTH-CENTRALALASKA[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,L94:16~28
FEHLERM,HOSHIBAM,SATOH,ETAL.1992.SEPARATIONOFSCATTERINGANDINTRINSICATTENUATIONFORTHEKANTO-TOKAIRE-GION,JAPAN,USINGMEASUREMENTSOFS-WAVEENERGYVERSUSHYPOCENTRALDISTANCE[J].GEOPHYSJINT,108:787~800
FEHLERM,SATOH.2003.CODA[J].PUREAPPLGEOPHYS,160:541~554
FRANKELA,WENNERBERGL.1987.ENERGY-FLUXMODELOFSEISMICCODA:SEPARATIONOFSCATTERINGANDINTRINSICATTENUATION[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,77:1223~1251
HOLLIGERK,GOFFJA.2003.AGENERICMODELFORTHE1/F-NATUREOFSEISMICVELOCITYFLUCTUATIONS[A].IN:GOFFJAANDHOLLIGERKEDS.HETEROGENEITYINTHECRUSTANDUPPERMANTLE[C].NEWYORK:KLUWERACADEMIC,131~153
HOSHIBAM.1991.SIMULATIONOFMULTIPLESCATTEREDCODAWAVESEXCITATIONBASEDONTHEENERGYCONSERVATIONLOW[J].PHEARTHPLANETINT,67:123~136
HOSHIBAM.1993.SEPARATIONOFSCATTERINGATTENUATIONANDTHEINTRINSICABSORPTIONINJAPANUSINGMULTIPLELAPSETIMEWIN-DOWANALYSISOFFULLSEISMOGRAMENVELOPE[J].JGEOPHYSRES,98:15809~15824
HOSHIBAM,RIETBROCKA,SCHERBAUMF,ETAL.2001.SCATTERINGATTENUATIONANDINTRINSICABSORPTIONUSINGUNIFORMANDDEPTHDEPENDENTMODELAPPLICATIONTOFULLSEISMOGRAMENVELOPERECORDEDINNORTHERNCHILE[J].JSEISM,5:157~179
JINAS,AKIK.1988.SPATIALANDTEMPORALCORRELATIONBETWEENCODAQANDSEISMICITYINCHINA[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,78:741~769
JINAS,AKIK,LIUZ,ETAL.2004.SEISMOLOGICALEVIDENCEFORTHEBRITTLE-DUCTILEINTERACTIONHYPOTHESISONEARTHQUAKELOADING[J].EARTHPLANETSSPACE,56:823~830
JINA,MAYEDAK,ADAMSD,ETAL.1994.SEPARATIONOFINTRINSICANDSCATTERINGATTENUATIONINSOUTHERNCALIFORNIAUSINGTERRASCOPEDATA[J].JGEOPHYSRES,99:17835~17848
LEARYPC.2003.FRACTURESANDPHYSICALHETEROGENEITYINCRUSTALROCK[A].IN:GOFFJAANDHOLLIGERKEDS.HETEROGENE-ITYINTHECRUSTANDUPPERMANTLE[C].NEWYORK:KLUWERACADEMIC,155~186
MARGERINL,CAMPILLOM,SHAPIRONM,ETAL.1999.RESIDENCETIMEOFDIFFUSEWAVESINTHECRUSTASAPHYSICALINTERPRETA-TIONOFCODAQ:APPLICATIONTOSEISMOGRAMSRECORDEDINMEXICO[J].GEOPHYSJINT,138:343~352
MATSUNAMIK,NAKAMURAM.2004.SEISMICATTENUATIONINANONVOLCANICSWARMREGIONBENEATHWAKAYAMA,SOUTHWESTJA-PAN[J].JGEOPHYSRES,109,B09302,DOI:10.1029/2003JB002758
REVENAUGHJ.2000.THERELATIONOFCRUSTALSCATTERINGTOSEISMICITYINSOUTHERNCALIFORNIA[J].JGEOPHYSRES,105:25403~25422
SATOH.1977.ENERGYPROPAGATIONINCLUDINGSCATTERINGEFFECTS:SINGLEISOTROPICSCATTERINGAPPROXIMATION[J].JGEOPHYEARTH,25:27~41
SATOH,FEHLERMC.1998.SEISMICWAVEPROPAGATIONANDSCATTERINGINTHEHETEROGENEOUSEARTH[M].NEWYOWK:SPRINGER-VERLAG,44~85
SATOH,NAKAHARAH,OHTAKEM.1997.SYNTHESISOFSCATTEREDENERGYDENSITYFORNONSPHERICALRADIATIONFROMAPOINTSHEAR-DISLOCATIONSOURCEBASEDONTHERADIATIVETRANSFERTHEORY[J].PHYSEARTHPLANETINT,104:1~13
SINGHS,HERRMANNRB.1983.REGIONALIZATIONOFCRUSTALCODAQINTHECONTINENTALUNITEDSTATES[J].JGEOPHYSRES,88:527~538
UGALDEA,VARGASCA,PUJADESLG,ETAL.2002.SEISMICCODAATTENUATIONAFTERMW=6.2AMENIA(COLOMBIA)[J].JGEOPHYSRES,107(B6):2107,10.1029/2001JB000197
VARGASCA,UGALDEA,PUJADESLG,ETAL.2004.SPATIALVARIATIONOFCODAWAVEATTENUATIONINNORTHERWESTERNCOLOMBIA[J].GEOPHYSJINT,158:609~624
WUR.1985.MULTIPLESCATTERINGANDENERGYTRANSFEROFSEISMICWAVESSEPARATIONOFSCATTERINGEFFECTFROMINTRINSICATTENUATION,I:THETHEORETICALMODELING[J].GEOPHYSJRASTRSOC,82:57~80
YOMOGIDAK,BENITESR.1995.RELATIONBETEENDIRECTWAVEQANDCODAQ:ANUMERICALAPPROACH[J].GEOPHYSJINT,123:471~483
ZENGY.1991.COMPACTSOLUTIONSFORMULTIPLESCATTEREDWAVEENERGYINTIMEDOMAIN[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,81:1022~1029
ZENGY,SUF,AKIK.1991.SCATTERINGWAVEENERGYPROPAGATIONINAMEDIUMWITHRANDOMLYDISTRIBUTEDISOTROPICSCATTER-ERS,PART1:THEORY[J].JGEOPHYSRES,96:607~619
ZENGY,SUF,AKIK.1993.THEORYOFSCATTERREDPANDSWAVESINARANDOMISOTROPICSCATTERINGMEDIUM[J].BULLSEISMSOCAMER,83:1264~1276
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