基于采集目标的地震照明度的精确模拟
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摘要
传统的野外地震数据采集设计方法已无法适应复杂山地地表和复杂地下构造地区。为此本文提出了面向地质目标、基于模型正演模拟的地震采集设计方法。该法利用惠更斯-菲涅耳原理和Kirchhoff积分波场研究地震波的入射和反射的能量分布特征,提出将地震照明度分解为震源对地下界面的照明度及地下反射界面对地表检波器的照明度,并分别通过对两种照明度的分析,确定采集数据的信噪比和地表检波器的照明度,判断地面排列采集反射能量的均匀性,从而确定地震数据偏移成像的分辨率和可靠性。同时,在不需要对地震数据进行偏移成像的前提下,可对采集数据进行直观有效的分析评价,有利于设计人员对观测系统参数进行有目的的修改和完善。
Traditional field seismic data acquisition designing method is not suitable for complex mountainous surface and complex underground structural areas. For that reason, the paper presented geologic target-oriented and forward simulation-based seismic acquisition designing method. Using Huy-gen's-Fresnel principle and Kirchhoff integration wavefield to study the distribution feature of incident and reflected energies of seismic waves, the method presented that the seismic illumination was divided into the illumination of underground interface caused by source and illumination of geo-phones on surface coming from underground reflection interfaces, determining the S/N ratio of acquired data and illumination of geophone on surface, and judged the uniformity of reflected energy acquired on surface spread by analyzing these two kinds of illumination respectively so that can determine the resolution and reliability of seismic data migration imaging. Meanwhile, the method can directly conduct effective analysis and evaluation of acquired data without conducting imaging of seismic data by migration, which is advantageous to modify and improve the parameters of geometry purposefully by designer.
Traditional field seismic data acquisition designing method is not suitable for complex mountainous surface and complex underground structural areas. For that reason, the paper presented geologic target-oriented and forward simulation-based seismic acquisition designing method. Using Huy-gen's-Fresnel principle and Kirchhoff integration wavefield to study the distribution feature of incident and reflected energies of seismic waves, the method presented that the seismic illumination was divided into the illumination of underground interface caused by source and illumination of geo-phones on surface coming from underground reflection interfaces, determining the S/N ratio of acquired data and illumination of geophone on surface, and judged the uniformity of reflected energy acquired on surface spread by analyzing these two kinds of illumination respectively so that can determine the resolution and reliability of seismic data migration imaging. Meanwhile, the method can directly conduct effective analysis and evaluation of acquired data without conducting imaging of seismic data by migration, which is advantageous to modify and improve the parameters of geometry purposefully by designer.
引文
[1]熊翥．我国物探技术的进步及展望．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):447～459;38(6):701～706;2004,39 (2):237～243
[2] Schneider W A and Winbow G A. Efficient and accurate modeling of 3-D seismic illumination. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mrg,1999, 633-636
[3] Sassolas C et al. The benefits of 3-D ray tracing in acquisition feasibility. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mtg, 1999, 629-632
[4] Campbell S et al. Comparative ray-based illumination analysis. Expanded Abstracts of 72nd SEG Mtg. 2001
[5] Carcione P V et al. Model-based simulation for survey planning and optimization. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mtg, 1999, 625-628
[6] Bear G et al. The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing, The Leading Edge, 2000, 19(7): 727-728
[7] Chang T et al. Model based illumination for acquisition design. EAGE 62nd Conference and Technical Exhibition , 2000
[8]冯伟等．面向目标控制照明的合成波源偏移．石油物探,2004,43(3):223～226
[9]尹军杰等．基于散射成像数值模拟的地震采集参数论证．石油物探,2005,44(1):58～64
[10] Xie X B et al. Three-dimensional illumination analysis using wave equation based propagator. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd SEG Mtg , 2003
[11] Duquet B et al. Kirchhoff modeling, inversion for reflectivity and subsurface illumination. Geophysics, 2000, 65(4): 1195-1209
[12] Hoffmann J. Illumination,resolution,and image quality of PP-and PS-waves for survey planning. The Leading Edge ,2001,20(9):1008-1014
[2] Schneider W A and Winbow G A. Efficient and accurate modeling of 3-D seismic illumination. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mrg,1999, 633-636
[3] Sassolas C et al. The benefits of 3-D ray tracing in acquisition feasibility. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mtg, 1999, 629-632
[4] Campbell S et al. Comparative ray-based illumination analysis. Expanded Abstracts of 72nd SEG Mtg. 2001
[5] Carcione P V et al. Model-based simulation for survey planning and optimization. Expanded Abstracts of 69th SEG Mtg, 1999, 625-628
[6] Bear G et al. The construction of subsurface illumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing, The Leading Edge, 2000, 19(7): 727-728
[7] Chang T et al. Model based illumination for acquisition design. EAGE 62nd Conference and Technical Exhibition , 2000
[8]冯伟等．面向目标控制照明的合成波源偏移．石油物探,2004,43(3):223～226
[9]尹军杰等．基于散射成像数值模拟的地震采集参数论证．石油物探,2005,44(1):58～64
[10] Xie X B et al. Three-dimensional illumination analysis using wave equation based propagator. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd SEG Mtg , 2003
[11] Duquet B et al. Kirchhoff modeling, inversion for reflectivity and subsurface illumination. Geophysics, 2000, 65(4): 1195-1209
[12] Hoffmann J. Illumination,resolution,and image quality of PP-and PS-waves for survey planning. The Leading Edge ,2001,20(9):1008-1014
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