陆梁隆起白垩系底部不整合面特征与油气运聚
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摘要
根据白垩系底部不整合面的成因机制和地震反射特征,将研究区的不整合分为四种类型,不同类型的不整合对研究区油气运聚作用也各不相同。白垩系底部不整合面上下地层的岩性配置可分为五种类型:Ⅰ型,不整合面之上为砂砾,其下依次为泥岩、砂岩;Ⅱ型,不整合面之上为砂岩,其下依次为泥岩、砂岩;Ⅲ型,不整合面之上为砂砾岩,其下依次为泥岩、砂砾岩;Ⅳ型,不整合面之上为砂岩,其下依次为泥岩、砂砾岩;Ⅴ型,不整合面之上为砂砾岩,其下依次为泥岩、砂岩、砂砾岩。其中,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型对本区油气运聚最为有利,白垩系底部不整合与断层共同构成了良好的输导通道,不整合之下的淋滤带是较好的运移通道,在其上风化粘土层的遮挡下,油气可有效地横向运移,喜马拉雅运动后期产生的正断层切割不整合底部的砾岩及上覆大套砂岩,向上快速输导油气。白垩系底部不整合封堵油气成藏有三种模式,即粘土层封堵、淋滤带半风化泥岩封堵和淋滤带薄层泥岩封堵。
According to origin mechanism and seismic reflectance on unconformity at Cretaceous bottom,unconformity in the studied area is divided into four types,each of which has different effects on the hydro-carbon migration and accumulation.Above and below the unconformity,there exist five types of lithology com-binations:TypeⅠincludes glutenite above it,mudstone and sandstone below it;TypeⅡsandstone above it,mudstone and sandstone below it;TypeⅢglutenite above it,mudstone and glutenite below it;TypeⅣsand-stone above it,mudstone and glutenitebelow it;TypeⅤgrit above it,mudstone,sandstone and glutenitebelow it.Among them,TypeⅠand typeⅡare the most favorable to oil and gas migration and accumulation in this area,for this unconformity and fault composed of channels of good conductivity,the leached zone below it acts as a better passage for petroleum migration,oil and gas can be migrated laterally and effectively by the weathered argillic horizon as a barrier above it.While the basal conglomerate and overburden thick sandstones cut by normal faults formed in late period of Himalayan movement have enabled oil and gas to migrate up-ward rapidly.The hydrocarbon reservoirs at Cretaceous bottom unconformity could be shaped by three styles of barriers such as argillic horizon barrier,leached zone half-weathered mudstone barrier and thin layer barrier.
According to origin mechanism and seismic reflectance on unconformity at Cretaceous bottom,unconformity in the studied area is divided into four types,each of which has different effects on the hydro-carbon migration and accumulation.Above and below the unconformity,there exist five types of lithology com-binations:TypeⅠincludes glutenite above it,mudstone and sandstone below it;TypeⅡsandstone above it,mudstone and sandstone below it;TypeⅢglutenite above it,mudstone and glutenite below it;TypeⅣsand-stone above it,mudstone and glutenitebelow it;TypeⅤgrit above it,mudstone,sandstone and glutenitebelow it.Among them,TypeⅠand typeⅡare the most favorable to oil and gas migration and accumulation in this area,for this unconformity and fault composed of channels of good conductivity,the leached zone below it acts as a better passage for petroleum migration,oil and gas can be migrated laterally and effectively by the weathered argillic horizon as a barrier above it.While the basal conglomerate and overburden thick sandstones cut by normal faults formed in late period of Himalayan movement have enabled oil and gas to migrate up-ward rapidly.The hydrocarbon reservoirs at Cretaceous bottom unconformity could be shaped by three styles of barriers such as argillic horizon barrier,leached zone half-weathered mudstone barrier and thin layer barrier.
引文
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[2]林梁.不整合在塔里木盆地油气勘探中的重要意义[J].石油地震地质,1992,4(3):1-8.
[3]沈林克,陈开远,康艳芳.塔里木盆地北部不整合面与地层圈闭的关系[A].中国塔里木盆地石油地质文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1996.98-105.
[4]潘钟祥.不整合对于油气运聚的重要性[J].石油学报,1983,4(4):1-10.
[5]张守安,杨克明,苟华伟,等.塔里木盆地不整合油气藏特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(3):91-100.
[6]张守安,吴亚军,余晓宇,等.塔里木盆地不整合油气藏的成藏条件及分布规律[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(1):15-17.
[7]吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):101-105.
[8]张克银,杨克明,艾华国,等.塔里木盆地T50面对油气运移作用的探讨[J].新疆石油地质,1996,17(3):225-229.
[9]艾华国,兰林英,张克银.塔里木盆地不整合面下的碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙特征[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):112-116.
[10]艾华国,兰林英,张克银,等.塔里木盆地前石炭系顶面不整合面特征及其控油作用[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(1):1-11.
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