由含断层岩石非均匀性产生的地震前兆的数值模拟研究(英文)
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摘要
使用新开发岩石破裂过程分析软件(RFPA2D),通过一系列模型实验,研究岩石中预制断层面几何特征和力学非均匀性对地震前兆产生的影响。模型使用5个具有不同均质度的岩石样本进行数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明,不同均质度岩石破坏在地壳中会产生不同的地震前兆现象。在一些区域,可以观测到明显的前兆,而在另一些地区却很难观测到明显的前兆现象。模拟结果与实验观测和自然界实际观测结果由很好的一致性。
A series of numerical model tests were performed to investigate the effects of geometric and mechanical heterogeneity (pre-existing faults) of rocks on earthquake precursors using the newly-developed rock progressive failure analysis code (RFPA~(2D)). The failure procedures of 5 rock samples with different degrees of heterogeneity are simulated. The numerical simulation of rock failure with the different heterogeneity shows that rock failure with the different mechanical heterogeneity produces different earthquake precursory phenomena in the earth crust. In some areas, obvious precursors can be observed, but in other areas, it may be difficult to observe any appreciable precursory phenomena. The simulative results are in a good agreement with those of observational ones in nature or experiments.
A series of numerical model tests were performed to investigate the effects of geometric and mechanical heterogeneity (pre-existing faults) of rocks on earthquake precursors using the newly-developed rock progressive failure analysis code (RFPA~(2D)). The failure procedures of 5 rock samples with different degrees of heterogeneity are simulated. The numerical simulation of rock failure with the different heterogeneity shows that rock failure with the different mechanical heterogeneity produces different earthquake precursory phenomena in the earth crust. In some areas, obvious precursors can be observed, but in other areas, it may be difficult to observe any appreciable precursory phenomena. The simulative results are in a good agreement with those of observational ones in nature or experiments.
引文
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Weeks,J .,Lockner,D .,andByerlee,J .,1978.ChangesinbValuesduringMovementonCutSurfacesinGranite.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.68,333-341.
Byerlee,J .D .,andBrace,W .F .,1968.Stick-slip,StableSlidingandEarthquakes-effectofRockType,Pressure,StrainRateandStiffness.J .Geophys.Res.73,6031-6037
Das,S .,andAki,K .,1977.FaultPlaneswithBarriers:VersatileEarthquakeModel,J .Geophys.Res.82,5658-5670.
Dieterich,J .H .,1978.PreseismicFaultSlipandEarthquakePrediction,J .Geophys.Res.83,3940-3948.
Kanamori,H .,1981.TheNatureofSeismicityPatternsbeforeMajorEarthquakes,In:D .W .SimpsonandP .G ..Richards(Editors),EarthquakePrediction,MauriceEwingSeriesIV ,Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D .C .,pp.1-19.
Logan,J .M .,1978.Creep,StableSliding,andPremonitorySlip,PureAppl.Geophys.116,773-789.
Mogi,K .,1977.DilatancyofRocksunderGeneralTriaxialStressStateswithSpecialReferencetoEarthquakePrecursors,In:C .KisslingerandZ .Suzuki),EarthquakePrecursors,ProceedingsoftheUS -Japanseminarontheoreticalandexperimentalinvestigationsofearthquakeprecursors,SupplementIssueofJournalofPhysicsoftheEarth,CenterforacademicpublicationsJapan,JapanScientificSocietiesPress,pp.203-217.
Mogi,K .,1981.SeismicityinWesternJapanandLong-termEarthquakeForecasting,In:D .W .SimpsonandP .G ..Richards(Edi tors),EarthquakePrediction,MauriceEwingSeriesIV ,Am.Geophys.Union,Washington,D .C .,pp.43-51.
Scholz,C .H .,1968.TheFrequency-magnitudeRelationofMicrofracturinginRockanditsRelationtoEarthquakes,Bull.Seismol.Soc.Jpn.2,29,299-311(inJapanese).
Tang,C .A .,1997.NumericalSimulationonProgressiveFailureLoadingtoCollapseandAssociatedSeismicity.IntJRockMechMinSci,34,249-62.
Tang,C .A .,1998.ANewApproachtoNuinericalMethodofModelingGeo1ogicalProcessesandRockEngineeringProblems,Engineer ingGeology,49,207-214.
Weeks,J .,Lockner,D .,andByerlee,J .,1978.ChangesinbValuesduringMovementonCutSurfacesinGranite.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.68,333-341.
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