地震活动性热红外异常提取方法研究
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摘要
热红外遥感以其大视野、高精度和短周期等诸多优势以及对某些强震红外异常的良好反映,成为监测断裂活动性及地震短临前兆的很有前途的观测技术。热红外异常与地震关系的研究也受到国内外地震学者的广泛关注。但由于地表热红外辐射受云层、地形地貌、地物类型和气象等诸多非震因素的影响,因此,如何从复杂的红外遥感数据中提取出与地震活动有关的热异常一直是这项研究中的瓶颈问题。在对若干震例和地震活动区的热红外影像进行长期分析研究的基础上,对这一问题进行了探讨,同时提出了一些实用化的异常识别与提取方法,并对其可行性进行了分析。认为地震红外异常是地表亮温的相对变化,判别地震异常时,至少需利用两年以上的卫星资料,从不同的时空尺度上加以综合对比分析,仅靠震前震后一定时段的卫星资料不足以排除所有非震因素的影响。
The satellite thermal infrared remote sense has become a promising technique for detecting earthquake and fault activities,because of its many advantages,such as large observation area,high spatial resolution and short observation period,also owing to its good reflection to some strong earthquakes' thermal anomaly.But the thermal infrared radiation of earth surface is influenced not only by earthquake and fault activities but also by many factors such as terrain,vegetation,weather and so on.Therefore,how to extract the thermal variation really related to earthquake and fault activities from complex infrared remote sensing data is a key problem.The paper,based on several year's analyses of NOAA AVHRR data of typical tectonic active areas,gave a detail discussion to this question,put forward some applied methods for identifying and extracting thermal infrared anomaly caused by earthquakes or fault activities,and also evaluated the feasibility of these methods.The author thought the earthquake thermal infrared anomaly is a part of relative change of earth surface temperature.In order to effectively extract the earthquake anomaly and get rid of the impacts of non-earthquake factors,we need do comparative and comprehensive analyses using at least two years' satellite data in different temporal and spatial scale.
The satellite thermal infrared remote sense has become a promising technique for detecting earthquake and fault activities,because of its many advantages,such as large observation area,high spatial resolution and short observation period,also owing to its good reflection to some strong earthquakes' thermal anomaly.But the thermal infrared radiation of earth surface is influenced not only by earthquake and fault activities but also by many factors such as terrain,vegetation,weather and so on.Therefore,how to extract the thermal variation really related to earthquake and fault activities from complex infrared remote sensing data is a key problem.The paper,based on several year's analyses of NOAA AVHRR data of typical tectonic active areas,gave a detail discussion to this question,put forward some applied methods for identifying and extracting thermal infrared anomaly caused by earthquakes or fault activities,and also evaluated the feasibility of these methods.The author thought the earthquake thermal infrared anomaly is a part of relative change of earth surface temperature.In order to effectively extract the earthquake anomaly and get rid of the impacts of non-earthquake factors,we need do comparative and comprehensive analyses using at least two years' satellite data in different temporal and spatial scale.
引文
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[10]Huang M iaofen,L iu Shaom in,L iu Suhong,et a.l A study of thed ifference between true surface temperature and rad iom etric sur-face temperature[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(10):1 075-1 082.[黄妙芬,刘绍民,刘素红,等.地表温度和地表辐射温度差值分析[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(10):1 075-1 082.]
[11]Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan X in jian.Counterevidence for anearthquake precursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].Chinese Joumnal ofGeophysical,2006,49(2):490-495.[屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.]
[12]Qu Chunyan,Shan X in jian,Ma Jin.Formation cause of thermalinfrared h igh temperature belt along honghe fau lt and its relationto earthquakes[J].Acta Seism ologica Sinica,2006,19(1):1-7.[屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.红河断裂高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性的关系探讨[J].地震学报,2006,19(1):1-7.]
[13]Yuan Renm in,Ma Chengsheng,Fan A iyuan.Characteristics ofthe capp ing inversion above the atmospheric convective boundarylayer[J].Journal ofUniversity ofScience and Technology ofChi-na,2003,33(2):247-252.[袁仁民,马成胜,范爱媛.混合层顶覆盖逆温层变化规律研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33(2):247-252.]
[14]Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan X in jian.An attempt to observe gasreleasing phenom ena of the Earth by using satellite thermal infra-red techn ique[J].Seism ology and Geology,2004,26(3):539-547.[屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.利用卫星热红外观测地球排气现象的一次尝试[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):539-547.]
[2]Tron in A A,B iagi P F,Molchanov O A,et al.Temperature varia-tions related to earthquakes from simu ltaneous observation at theground stations and by satellites in kam chatka area[J].Physicsand Chem istry of the Earth,2004,29:501-506.
[3]Tron in A A,Masash iHayakawa,Molchanov O A.Thermal IR sat-ellite data application for earthquake research in Japan and Ch ina[J].Journal ofGeodynam ics,2002,33:519-534.
[4]Q iang Zu ji,Du Letian.Earth degassing,forest fire and seism icactivities[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2001,8(1):235-245.[强祖基,杜乐天.地球排气与森林火灾和地震活动[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):235-245.]
[5]Q iang Zu ji,L in Changgong.Satellite infrared brightness tempera-ture anomaly—Earthquake imm inent precursor[J].Science in Chi-na(D),1998,28(6):564-573.[强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像亮温异常———短临震兆[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(6):564-573.]
[6]L iu Fang,Cheng W anzheng,ZhangYongjiu,et al.Remote sens-ing observation of thermal infrared image taken by satellite andearthquakes[J].Earthquake,2001,21(2):65-69.[刘放,程万正,张永久,等.卫星遥感热红外辐射与川滇强震探讨[J].地震,2001,21(2):65-69.]
[7]Ye M inquan,W u Q iyong.Relation between satellite thermal infra-red anomalies and earthquakes[J].Xinjiang M eteorology,2000,23(3):1-4.[叶民权,吴其勇.卫星热红外异常与地震关系的研究[J].新疆气象,2000,23(3):1-4.]
[8]W ang Jingyao,W u Yun.Present situation and trends in mon itoringand pred iction researches on current crustal movem ent and earth-quakes[J].Advances in Earth Science,2000,15(1):84-89.[王静瑶,吴云.现代地壳运动与地震监测预报研究的现状和发展趋势[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(1):84-89.]
[9]W ang Hongtao,Q iang Zu ji.Research on earthquake pred iction u-sing satellite thermal infrared anomaly[J].Advances in Earth Sci-ence,1995,10(6):537-541.[王洪涛,强祖基.应用卫星热红外异常预测地震的研究[J].地球科学进展,1995,10(6):537-541.]
[10]Huang M iaofen,L iu Shaom in,L iu Suhong,et a.l A study of thed ifference between true surface temperature and rad iom etric sur-face temperature[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(10):1 075-1 082.[黄妙芬,刘绍民,刘素红,等.地表温度和地表辐射温度差值分析[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(10):1 075-1 082.]
[11]Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan X in jian.Counterevidence for anearthquake precursor of satellite thermal infrared anomalies[J].Chinese Joumnal ofGeophysical,2006,49(2):490-495.[屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.一次卫星热红外地震前兆现象的证伪[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):490-495.]
[12]Qu Chunyan,Shan X in jian,Ma Jin.Formation cause of thermalinfrared h igh temperature belt along honghe fau lt and its relationto earthquakes[J].Acta Seism ologica Sinica,2006,19(1):1-7.[屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.红河断裂高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性的关系探讨[J].地震学报,2006,19(1):1-7.]
[13]Yuan Renm in,Ma Chengsheng,Fan A iyuan.Characteristics ofthe capp ing inversion above the atmospheric convective boundarylayer[J].Journal ofUniversity ofScience and Technology ofChi-na,2003,33(2):247-252.[袁仁民,马成胜,范爱媛.混合层顶覆盖逆温层变化规律研究[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33(2):247-252.]
[14]Qu Chunyan,Ma Jin,Shan X in jian.An attempt to observe gasreleasing phenom ena of the Earth by using satellite thermal infra-red techn ique[J].Seism ology and Geology,2004,26(3):539-547.[屈春燕,马瑾,单新建.利用卫星热红外观测地球排气现象的一次尝试[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):539-547.]
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