断裂带内外温差法在震前红外异常研究中的应用
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摘要
以2000年姚安MS6.5地震、1997年玛尼MS7.5地震为例,应用断裂带内外卫星红外亮温差(下文简称亮温差)值分析法,研究震中附近活动断裂上震前卫星红外异常的时间演化过程。分析结果表明,在正常时期红河断裂带内外的亮温差值在0～1.5℃范围内波动,而在异常表现很强烈的时段,沿红河断裂带内外的亮温差达到3℃以上,比正常时期高出2℃左右。通过对1997年11月8日玛尼7.5级地震发震断裂——马尔盖茶卡断层东段1996,1997,1998年3年带内平均值和带内外的亮温差值的对比研究发现,由于受大面积降雪的影响,1997年10月初至11月中旬,断裂带内平均亮温比1996和1998年同期亮温都要低,但断裂带内外亮温差值却比1996和1998年同期高出2～3℃左右。地震之后相对亮温差很快回到正常状态。运用同样的方法对华北和川滇近几年未发生强震的几条重要的活动断裂带的卫星红外亮温特征进行了研究,未发现类似震前红外异常的情况。
The Yaoan MS 6.5 earthquake on Jan.15,2000 and Mani MS 7.5 earthquake on Nov.8,1997 are taken as cases to study the temporal process of the satellite infrared anomalies on the active faults near the epicenter.The inside-outside temperature relation analysis method(IOTRAM)was used in the middle segment of the Red River Fault.The result shows that the inside temperature is about 0～1.5℃ higher than the outside temperature in the normal periods.But the brightness temperature inside the Red River Fault is 2～3℃ higher than that outside the fault 15 days before the Yaoan MS 6.5 earthquake on Jan.15,2000.The Mani MS 7.5 earthquake occurred on Nov.8,1997 in northern Qingzang-Tibetan plateau.Curves of the average brightness temperature in the east section of the Margaichaca fault belt and the difference inside and outside the region of the fault belt in 1996,1997 and 1998 were contrasted.The result shows that temperature difference in Oct.and Nov.in 1997 was2～3℃ higher than that in 1996 and 1998,though the inside temperature in the same term in 1997 was the lowest in the three years because of a heavy snow.It returned to normal after earthquake.IOTRAM was used to study the active faults in Huabei and Chuandian regions where less earthquakes have occurred recently and no infrared anomalies appeared.
The Yaoan MS 6.5 earthquake on Jan.15,2000 and Mani MS 7.5 earthquake on Nov.8,1997 are taken as cases to study the temporal process of the satellite infrared anomalies on the active faults near the epicenter.The inside-outside temperature relation analysis method(IOTRAM)was used in the middle segment of the Red River Fault.The result shows that the inside temperature is about 0～1.5℃ higher than the outside temperature in the normal periods.But the brightness temperature inside the Red River Fault is 2～3℃ higher than that outside the fault 15 days before the Yaoan MS 6.5 earthquake on Jan.15,2000.The Mani MS 7.5 earthquake occurred on Nov.8,1997 in northern Qingzang-Tibetan plateau.Curves of the average brightness temperature in the east section of the Margaichaca fault belt and the difference inside and outside the region of the fault belt in 1996,1997 and 1998 were contrasted.The result shows that temperature difference in Oct.and Nov.in 1997 was2～3℃ higher than that in 1996 and 1998,though the inside temperature in the same term in 1997 was the lowest in the three years because of a heavy snow.It returned to normal after earthquake.IOTRAM was used to study the active faults in Huabei and Chuandian regions where less earthquakes have occurred recently and no infrared anomalies appeared.
引文
陈梅花,邓志辉,贾庆华.2003.地震前卫星红外异常与发震断裂的关系研究:以2001年昆仑山8·1级地震为例[J].地震地质,25(1):100—108.CHEN Mei-hua,DENG Zhi-hui,JIA Qing-hua.2003.Study on the relationship between the satellite infrared anomaliesand the seismogenic fault:A case of the Kunlun Earthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,25(1):100—108(inChinese).
陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.2005.突出地表热辐射场中现今构造活动信息的均值梯度法[J].地震地质,(27)4:661—668.CHEN Shun-yun,MAJin,LIUPei-xun,et al.2005.Mean Grad Method(MGM)for distinguishing information of currenttectonic activity from thermal radiation of land surface[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):661—668(inChinese).
邓志辉,全明纯,楚全芝,等.2000.活动断裂与强震分布的空间定量关系研究[A].面向21世纪地震科学技术:青年科学论坛.北京:地震出版社.195—201.DENG Zhi-hui,QUAN Ming-chun,CHU Quan-zhi,et al.2000.Study on the spatial quantitative relationship betweenthe distribution of the large earthquakes and the active faults[A].Science and Technology on Earthquake for the21st Century-Youth Science Forum·Seismological Press,Beijing.195—201(in Chinese).
邓志辉,陈梅花,王煜,等.2003.地震前卫星红外异常特征分析[J].地球学报,24(增刊):323—328.DENG Zhi-hui,CHEN Mei-hua,WANG Yu,et al.2003.A study of the satellite infrared anomaly before earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,24(suppl):323—328(in Chinese).
郭卫英,单新建.2005.应用多种遥感影像处理方法提取玛尼7·5级地震中的热红外异常信息[J].内陆地震,19(2):142—148.GUO Wei-ying,SHAN Xin-jian.2005.Using many remote sensing image progressing methods to choose the seismicthermal infrared anomaly information of ManiM7·5earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake,19(2):142—148(inChinese).
郭卫英,单新建,马瑾.2004.对2001年昆仑山8·1级地震前断层带红外增温异常的讨论[J].地震地质,26(3):548—556.GUO Wei-ying,SHAN Xin-jian,MA Jin.2004.Discussion on the anomalous increase of ground temperature along theseismogenic fault before the KunlunshanMS8·1Earthquake in2001[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):548—556(in Chinese).
马瑾,单新建.2000.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索:以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,22(3):210—215.MA Jin,SHAN Xin-jian.2000.An attempt to study fault activity using remote sensing technology:A case of the Maniearthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):210—215(in Chinese).
屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.2006.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,28(1):91—97.QUChun-yan,SHAN Xin-jian,MA Jin.2006.Formation cause of thermal infrared high temperature belt along HongheFault and its relation to earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,28(1):91—97.
许力生,陈运泰.1999.1997年中国西藏玛尼MS7·9地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,21(5):449—459.XU Li-sheng,CHEN Yun-tai.1999.Tempo-spatial rupture process of the1997,Mani,Xizang(Tibet),China earthquakeofMS7·9[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,10(2):495—506.
徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.1991.临震热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,36(4):291—294.XU Xiu-deng,QIANG Zu-ji,DIAN Chang-gong.1991.Earthquake imminent infrared thermo-anomaly and temperatureincrease on earth surface[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,36(4):291—294(in Chinese).
徐秀登,徐向民,王煜.2000.台湾南投7·6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,22(6):666—669.XU Xiu-deng,XUXiang-min,WANG Yu.2000.Satellite infrared anomaly before NantouMS7·6earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(6):666—669(in Chinese).
王宇.1994.红河断裂南段活动性分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,5(2):28—35.WANG Yu.1994.Study on the activities of south segment of Honghe Fault[J].Geological Hazards and EnvironmentPreservation,5(2):28—35(in Chinese).
魏丽,钟强.1997.青藏高原云的气候学特征[J].高原气象,16(1):10—15.WEI Li,ZHONG Qiang.1997.Plateau meteorology cloud climatology characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau[J].PlateauMeteorology,16(1):10—15(in Chinese).
ΓΟΡΗЫЙ B И.1990.地球热红外辐射:地震活动性的标志[J].徐秀登等译.地震地质译丛,12(2):38—39.
ΓΟΡΗЫЙ B И.1990.Earthquake thermoinfrared radiation-indictor of seismicity[J].Translated by XU Xiu-dengetal.Translated works of Seismogeology,12(2):38—39(in Chinese).
陈顺云,马瑾,刘培洵,等.2005.突出地表热辐射场中现今构造活动信息的均值梯度法[J].地震地质,(27)4:661—668.CHEN Shun-yun,MAJin,LIUPei-xun,et al.2005.Mean Grad Method(MGM)for distinguishing information of currenttectonic activity from thermal radiation of land surface[J].Seismology and Geology,27(4):661—668(inChinese).
邓志辉,全明纯,楚全芝,等.2000.活动断裂与强震分布的空间定量关系研究[A].面向21世纪地震科学技术:青年科学论坛.北京:地震出版社.195—201.DENG Zhi-hui,QUAN Ming-chun,CHU Quan-zhi,et al.2000.Study on the spatial quantitative relationship betweenthe distribution of the large earthquakes and the active faults[A].Science and Technology on Earthquake for the21st Century-Youth Science Forum·Seismological Press,Beijing.195—201(in Chinese).
邓志辉,陈梅花,王煜,等.2003.地震前卫星红外异常特征分析[J].地球学报,24(增刊):323—328.DENG Zhi-hui,CHEN Mei-hua,WANG Yu,et al.2003.A study of the satellite infrared anomaly before earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,24(suppl):323—328(in Chinese).
郭卫英,单新建.2005.应用多种遥感影像处理方法提取玛尼7·5级地震中的热红外异常信息[J].内陆地震,19(2):142—148.GUO Wei-ying,SHAN Xin-jian.2005.Using many remote sensing image progressing methods to choose the seismicthermal infrared anomaly information of ManiM7·5earthquake[J].Inland Earthquake,19(2):142—148(inChinese).
郭卫英,单新建,马瑾.2004.对2001年昆仑山8·1级地震前断层带红外增温异常的讨论[J].地震地质,26(3):548—556.GUO Wei-ying,SHAN Xin-jian,MA Jin.2004.Discussion on the anomalous increase of ground temperature along theseismogenic fault before the KunlunshanMS8·1Earthquake in2001[J].Seismology and Geology,26(3):548—556(in Chinese).
马瑾,单新建.2000.利用遥感技术研究断层现今活动的探索:以玛尼地震前后断层相互作用为例[J].地震地质,22(3):210—215.MA Jin,SHAN Xin-jian.2000.An attempt to study fault activity using remote sensing technology:A case of the Maniearthquake[J].Seismology and Geology,22(3):210—215(in Chinese).
屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.2006.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,28(1):91—97.QUChun-yan,SHAN Xin-jian,MA Jin.2006.Formation cause of thermal infrared high temperature belt along HongheFault and its relation to earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,28(1):91—97.
许力生,陈运泰.1999.1997年中国西藏玛尼MS7·9地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,21(5):449—459.XU Li-sheng,CHEN Yun-tai.1999.Tempo-spatial rupture process of the1997,Mani,Xizang(Tibet),China earthquakeofMS7·9[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,10(2):495—506.
徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.1991.临震热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,36(4):291—294.XU Xiu-deng,QIANG Zu-ji,DIAN Chang-gong.1991.Earthquake imminent infrared thermo-anomaly and temperatureincrease on earth surface[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,36(4):291—294(in Chinese).
徐秀登,徐向民,王煜.2000.台湾南投7·6级地震前卫星红外异常[J].地震学报,22(6):666—669.XU Xiu-deng,XUXiang-min,WANG Yu.2000.Satellite infrared anomaly before NantouMS7·6earthquake in Taiwan,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,22(6):666—669(in Chinese).
王宇.1994.红河断裂南段活动性分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护,5(2):28—35.WANG Yu.1994.Study on the activities of south segment of Honghe Fault[J].Geological Hazards and EnvironmentPreservation,5(2):28—35(in Chinese).
魏丽,钟强.1997.青藏高原云的气候学特征[J].高原气象,16(1):10—15.WEI Li,ZHONG Qiang.1997.Plateau meteorology cloud climatology characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau[J].PlateauMeteorology,16(1):10—15(in Chinese).
ΓΟΡΗЫЙ B И.1990.地球热红外辐射:地震活动性的标志[J].徐秀登等译.地震地质译丛,12(2):38—39.
ΓΟΡΗЫЙ B И.1990.Earthquake thermoinfrared radiation-indictor of seismicity[J].Translated by XU Xiu-dengetal.Translated works of Seismogeology,12(2):38—39(in Chinese).
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