汶川地震中学校建筑震害研究
|
摘要
对"5.12"四川汶川8.0级特大地震导致大量教学楼严重破坏或完全坍塌进行了广泛调研,分析了砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构教学楼的震害特征和震害原因。分析结果表明,由于使用功能要求,相比于其它建筑,教学楼竖向结构体系相对单薄,即强度和刚度不足;传统的砖木结构和砖混结构缺乏必要的整体连接措施;建筑体型不对称加剧了地震中建筑的倾倒。建议高烈度地区的框架结构教学楼应重视剪力墙的设置,砌体结构的窗间墙采用组合砌体;合理的建筑平面布局方案是提高教学楼抗震能力的重要途径,并重视对建筑质量的全过程控制。
Based on the investigation of school buildings which were severely damaged or even collapsed during the "5·12" M8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake,the damage mechanisms of masonry structures,masonry structures with timber roof and RC frame structures were analyzed.The results showed that the vertical bearing structures of school buildings are weaker,compared to other structures,i.e.they are lack of strength and stiffness due to the requirement of school function.The traditional masonry structures and masonry structures with timber roof are lack of connection between components;the asymmetry constructions result in collapse laterally.Therefore,in the high earthquake zone,the shear wall should be considered in the RC frame structures;the layout of school buildings should be designed reasonably,which can improve their capability of resisting the damage of earthquake,and also the whole process of construction should be monitored so as to satisfy the requirement of quality.
Based on the investigation of school buildings which were severely damaged or even collapsed during the "5·12" M8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake,the damage mechanisms of masonry structures,masonry structures with timber roof and RC frame structures were analyzed.The results showed that the vertical bearing structures of school buildings are weaker,compared to other structures,i.e.they are lack of strength and stiffness due to the requirement of school function.The traditional masonry structures and masonry structures with timber roof are lack of connection between components;the asymmetry constructions result in collapse laterally.Therefore,in the high earthquake zone,the shear wall should be considered in the RC frame structures;the layout of school buildings should be designed reasonably,which can improve their capability of resisting the damage of earthquake,and also the whole process of construction should be monitored so as to satisfy the requirement of quality.
引文
[1]Wang Yayong,Bai Xueshuang.Performance of reinforcedconcrete frame structures during 921 Taiwan Earthquake[J].Engineering Seismic Resistance,2001(1):3-7.[王亚勇,白雪霜.台湾921地震中钢筋混凝土结构震害特征[J].工程抗震,2001(1):3-7.]
[2]Adem Dogangun.Performance of reinforced concrete build-ings during the May 1,2003 Bingol Earthquake in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2004(26):841-856.
[3]Lin Shuzhi.The damage analysis for school buildings in theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Fujian Architecture and Con-struction,2008,124(10):63-65.[林树枝.汶川地震灾区学校建筑的震害分析[J].福建建筑,2008年,124(10):63-65.]
[4]Han Jun,Li Yingmin,Liu Liping,et al.Building damagein Mianzhu City caused by the May 12,2008 Earthquake inWenchuan,Sichuan Province,P.R.China[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(5):21-27.[韩军,李英民,刘立平,等.512汶川地震绵阳市区房屋震害统计与分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(5):21-27.]
[5]Zhou Tiegang,Zhao Dong.Investigation and analysis on thedamage of masonry buildings in the urban area of MianzhuDuring 5.12 Earthquake[J].J Xi’an Univ of Arch andTech:Natural Science Edition,2008,40(5):613-618.[周铁钢,赵冬.512地震绵竹城区砌体结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,40(5):613-618.]
[6]Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in theWenchuan Earthquake——Three Earthquake performanceobjectives and basic requirements for seismic design ofbuildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):26-33.[王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.]
[7]Li Jianzhong,Lu Xilin,Li Xiang,et al.Seismic damage of re-inforced concrete frame structures in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(3):9-11.[李建中,吕西林,李翔,等.汶川地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构的震害[J].结构工程师,2008,24(3):9-11.]
[8]Zhao Xian.Problems existing in structural design and con-struction judging by Wenchuan Earthquake damages[J].Building Science,2008,24(7):97-100.[赵西安.从汶川地震看结构抗震设计与施工中的一些问题[J].建筑科学,2008,24(7):97-100.]
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[10]中华人民共和国建设部.建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[11]Wang Xuan,Li Bixiong Wangzhe,et al.Reflect on the seis-mic property of the R.C.frame with infill walls during Wen-chuan Earthquake[J].Industrial Construction,2009,39(1):25-29.[王旋,李碧雄,王哲,等.汶川地震中填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能思考[J].工业建筑,2009,41(2):25-29.]
[12]Li Bixiong,Wang Zhe,Mosalam K M,et al.WenchuanEarthquake field reconnaissance on reinforced concreteframed buildings with and without masonry infill walls[C].The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering Octo-ber 12-17,Beijing,2008,S31-035.
[13]沈聚敏,周锡元,高小旺.抗震工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[2]Adem Dogangun.Performance of reinforced concrete build-ings during the May 1,2003 Bingol Earthquake in Turkey[J].Engineering Structures,2004(26):841-856.
[3]Lin Shuzhi.The damage analysis for school buildings in theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Fujian Architecture and Con-struction,2008,124(10):63-65.[林树枝.汶川地震灾区学校建筑的震害分析[J].福建建筑,2008年,124(10):63-65.]
[4]Han Jun,Li Yingmin,Liu Liping,et al.Building damagein Mianzhu City caused by the May 12,2008 Earthquake inWenchuan,Sichuan Province,P.R.China[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(5):21-27.[韩军,李英民,刘立平,等.512汶川地震绵阳市区房屋震害统计与分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(5):21-27.]
[5]Zhou Tiegang,Zhao Dong.Investigation and analysis on thedamage of masonry buildings in the urban area of MianzhuDuring 5.12 Earthquake[J].J Xi’an Univ of Arch andTech:Natural Science Edition,2008,40(5):613-618.[周铁钢,赵冬.512地震绵竹城区砌体结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,40(5):613-618.]
[6]Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in theWenchuan Earthquake——Three Earthquake performanceobjectives and basic requirements for seismic design ofbuildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):26-33.[王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.]
[7]Li Jianzhong,Lu Xilin,Li Xiang,et al.Seismic damage of re-inforced concrete frame structures in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Structural Engineers,2008,24(3):9-11.[李建中,吕西林,李翔,等.汶川地震中钢筋混凝土框架结构的震害[J].结构工程师,2008,24(3):9-11.]
[8]Zhao Xian.Problems existing in structural design and con-struction judging by Wenchuan Earthquake damages[J].Building Science,2008,24(7):97-100.[赵西安.从汶川地震看结构抗震设计与施工中的一些问题[J].建筑科学,2008,24(7):97-100.]
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[10]中华人民共和国建设部.建筑抗震设计规范(GBJ11-89)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[11]Wang Xuan,Li Bixiong Wangzhe,et al.Reflect on the seis-mic property of the R.C.frame with infill walls during Wen-chuan Earthquake[J].Industrial Construction,2009,39(1):25-29.[王旋,李碧雄,王哲,等.汶川地震中填充墙钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能思考[J].工业建筑,2009,41(2):25-29.]
[12]Li Bixiong,Wang Zhe,Mosalam K M,et al.WenchuanEarthquake field reconnaissance on reinforced concreteframed buildings with and without masonry infill walls[C].The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering Octo-ber 12-17,Beijing,2008,S31-035.
[13]沈聚敏,周锡元,高小旺.抗震工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心