振动荷载作用下黄土应变增长特征试验研究
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摘要
以WF12440型空心圆柱扭剪仪为实验平台,通过室内饱和黄土动三轴液化试验,探讨了饱和兰州黄土液化过程中残余应变的发展规律:应力-应变滞回特性随着振动次数的增加发生变化,塑性逐步增大;当残余应变小于2%时,增长缓慢;此后,残余应变上升速率加大,3%应变一般出现在"初始液化"前;3%应变后,应变大幅增加,孔压有可能达到初始有效固结围压,也有可能在"初始液化"前破坏;3%残余应变是黄土稳定变形和大幅变形的临界点。循环应力比越大,试样的孔压上升越不充分,越容易于"初始液化"前破坏。
Using the WF12440 dynamic hollow cylinder apparatus as test platform,this paper studied the characteristics of residual strain of saturated loess during its liquefaction.Test results show that the hysteresis loop of deviatoric stress—axial strain of the loess developed with the increase of cycles and the plastic strain increased step by step.When the axial strain was less than 2%,it increased slowly;afterwards,its increase ratio was much larger,and a strain of 3% appeared normally before the "initial liquefaction" process.And after that,the strain increases obviously and the pore pressure may reach the initial effective consolidation pressure.Sometimes the sample may be destroyed before the "initial liquefaction" phenomenon.A 3% axial strain is the critical point between steady deformation and large deformation of the loess.The more the cyclic stress ratio,the less the pore pressure and the more easily destroyed before the "initial liquefaction".
Using the WF12440 dynamic hollow cylinder apparatus as test platform,this paper studied the characteristics of residual strain of saturated loess during its liquefaction.Test results show that the hysteresis loop of deviatoric stress—axial strain of the loess developed with the increase of cycles and the plastic strain increased step by step.When the axial strain was less than 2%,it increased slowly;afterwards,its increase ratio was much larger,and a strain of 3% appeared normally before the "initial liquefaction" process.And after that,the strain increases obviously and the pore pressure may reach the initial effective consolidation pressure.Sometimes the sample may be destroyed before the "initial liquefaction" phenomenon.A 3% axial strain is the critical point between steady deformation and large deformation of the loess.The more the cyclic stress ratio,the less the pore pressure and the more easily destroyed before the "initial liquefaction".
引文
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[15]佘跃心,刘汉龙,高玉峰.饱和黄土孔压增长模式与液化机理的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):395-399.(She Yuexin,Liu Hanlong,Gao Yufeng.Study on liquefaction mechanism and pore water pres-sure mode of saturated original loess[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2002,23(4):395-399.(in Chinese))
[16]袁中夏,王兰民,Susumu Yasuda,等.黄土液化机理和判别标准的再研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(4):164-169.(Yuan Zhongxia,Wang Lan-min,Susumu Yasuda,et al,Further study on mecha-nism and discrimination criterion of loess liquefaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibra-tion,2004,24(4)::164-169.(in Chinese))
[17]孙海妹,王兰民,王平,等.饱和兰州黄土液化过程中孔压和应变发展的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,21(11):3 464-3 468.(Sun Haimei,Wang Lan-ming,Wang Ping,et al.Experimental study of devel-opment of strain and pore water pressure during lique-faction of saturated Lanzhou loess[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,21(11):3 464-3 468.(in Chi-nese))
[18]金艳丽,戴福初.饱和黄土的静态液化特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(12):3 293-3 297.(JinYanli;Dai Fuchu.Experimental investigation of staticliquefaction of saturated loess[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2008,29(12):3 293-3 297.(in Chinese))
[19]孙海妹,王兰民,刘红玫,等.原状黄土的反压饱和法试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(1):98-102.(Sun Haimei,Wang Lanmin,Liu Hong-mei,et al.Experimental study on the back pressuresaturation method of undisturbed loess[J].Journal ofDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(1):98-102.(in Chinese))
[2]Ishihara K,Okusa S,Oyagi N,Ischuk.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Sovi-et Tajik[J].Soils and Foundations,1990,30(4):73-89
[3]廖胜修,程菊红.黄土场地震动液化实例[J].西北地震学报,2007,29(1):54-57.(Liao Shengxiu,ChenJuhong.Some instances of vibrating liquefaction on loessfield[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2007,29(1),54-57(in Chinese))
[4]Kishida,H.Characteristics of liquefied sands duringMino-Owari,Tohnankai,and Fukui Earthquakes[J].Soils and Foundations,1969,9(1):75-92.
[5]Tohno,I.and Yasuda,S.Liquefaction of the groundduring the 1978 Miyagiken-Oki earthquake[J].Soilsand Foundations,1981,21(3):18-34.
[6]Ishihara,K.Post-Earthquake failure of a tailings damdue to liquefaction of the pond deposit[A].Proc.Int.Conf.on Case Histories in Geotechnical Eng[C].St.Louis,Missouri,1984,3:1 129-1 143.
[7]Prakash S,Puri,V.K.Liquefaction of loessial soils[A].Proceedings of the Third International EarthquakeMicrozonation Conference[C].Seattle,Washington,1982,2:1 101-1 107.
[8]Ishihara K,Okusa S,Oyagi N,Ischuk.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsive loess deposit in Sovi-et Tajik[J].Soils and Foundations,1990,30(4):73-89
[9]Bray,J.D.,Sancio,R.B.,Durgunoglu,T.,et al.Subsurface characterization at ground failure sites inAdapazari,Turkey[J].Geotechnical and Geoenviron-mental Engineering,ASCE,2004,130(7):673-685.
[10]Bray,J.D.,Sancio,R.B.,Riemer,M.F.,andDurgunoglu,T.Liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils[A].11th Int.Conf.on Soil Dynamics&Earthquake Engrg.&3rd Int.Conf.on EarthquakeGeotechnical Eng.[C].,Stallion Press,2004:655-662.
[11]Boulanger,R.W.,and Idriss,I.M.New criteria fordistinguishing between silts and clays that are suscepti-ble to liquefaction versus cyclic failure[A].Proceed-ings,Technologies to Enhance Dam Safety and the En-vironment,25th Annual United States Society on DamsConference,USSD[C].Denver,2005:357-366.
[12]汪闻韶.土液化特性中的几点发现[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):55-63.(Wang Wenshao.Some Find-ings in Soil Liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1980,2(3):55-63.(inChinese))
[13]刘公社,巫志辉.动荷载下饱和黄土的孔压演化规律及其在地基动力分析中的应用[J].工业建筑,1994,(3):40-44(Liu Gongshe,Wu Zhihui.The var-ying regularity of pore pressure of saturation loess un-der dynamic load and its application to dynamic analy-sis in foundation[J].Industrial Construction,1994,(3):40-44.(in Chinese))
[14]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.(Wang Lanmin,Shi Yucheng,Liu Xu,et a1.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Seismo-logical Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[15]佘跃心,刘汉龙,高玉峰.饱和黄土孔压增长模式与液化机理的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):395-399.(She Yuexin,Liu Hanlong,Gao Yufeng.Study on liquefaction mechanism and pore water pres-sure mode of saturated original loess[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2002,23(4):395-399.(in Chinese))
[16]袁中夏,王兰民,Susumu Yasuda,等.黄土液化机理和判别标准的再研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(4):164-169.(Yuan Zhongxia,Wang Lan-min,Susumu Yasuda,et al,Further study on mecha-nism and discrimination criterion of loess liquefaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering vibra-tion,2004,24(4)::164-169.(in Chinese))
[17]孙海妹,王兰民,王平,等.饱和兰州黄土液化过程中孔压和应变发展的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,21(11):3 464-3 468.(Sun Haimei,Wang Lan-ming,Wang Ping,et al.Experimental study of devel-opment of strain and pore water pressure during lique-faction of saturated Lanzhou loess[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,21(11):3 464-3 468.(in Chi-nese))
[18]金艳丽,戴福初.饱和黄土的静态液化特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(12):3 293-3 297.(JinYanli;Dai Fuchu.Experimental investigation of staticliquefaction of saturated loess[J].Rock and Soil Me-chanics,2008,29(12):3 293-3 297.(in Chinese))
[19]孙海妹,王兰民,刘红玫,等.原状黄土的反压饱和法试验研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(1):98-102.(Sun Haimei,Wang Lanmin,Liu Hong-mei,et al.Experimental study on the back pressuresaturation method of undisturbed loess[J].Journal ofDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,30(1):98-102.(in Chinese))
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