应用微磁寻找油气藏的研究现状与展望
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摘要
本文探讨了应用微磁寻找油气这一领域的研究现状以及发展趋势，总结了微磁异常的形成机制。文章指出：有多种因素可导致微磁异常，如碳氢渗漏环境中产生的磁性矿物，岩石中的碎屑磁铁矿，沉积岩的热变质作用产生的燃烧渣以及其它干扰因素等。由于微磁的形成与分布存在三种不确定性：①在碳氢渗漏环境中微磁的形成与分布的固有的不确定性；②由地下水的“移流效应”导致的不确定性；③化探异常的不确定性。因此，我们在研究中应遵守一定的准则，并将微磁纳入到非地震找油法的系统中，以多方法、多参数的结合为手段来提高信息准确度。
We analyse both the present situation and development tendency of micromagnetization hydrocarbon exploration, and summarize formation mechanism of micromagnetic anomaly. There are many factors causing micromagnetic anomaly, for instance, magnetic minerals produced in hydrocarbon seepage environment, clasticmagnetite in rock beds, burnt dregs due to igneous metamorphism of sedimentaryrocks, and other disturbance factors. The generation and distribution of the micromagnetization have three uncertainties, namely, the intrinsic uncertainty in hydrocarbon seepage environment, the uncertainty due to migratory effect of underground water, and the uncertainty of chemical exploration. Thus, we must obeysome definite rules in micromagnetization research. In addition, the micromagnetization exploration should be grouped in non-seismic oil exploration methods, andcombine with other methods to improve its accuracy.
We analyse both the present situation and development tendency of micromagnetization hydrocarbon exploration, and summarize formation mechanism of micromagnetic anomaly. There are many factors causing micromagnetic anomaly, for instance, magnetic minerals produced in hydrocarbon seepage environment, clasticmagnetite in rock beds, burnt dregs due to igneous metamorphism of sedimentaryrocks, and other disturbance factors. The generation and distribution of the micromagnetization have three uncertainties, namely, the intrinsic uncertainty in hydrocarbon seepage environment, the uncertainty due to migratory effect of underground water, and the uncertainty of chemical exploration. Thus, we must obeysome definite rules in micromagnetization research. In addition, the micromagnetization exploration should be grouped in non-seismic oil exploration methods, andcombine with other methods to improve its accuracy.
引文
1Donovan T J et al. Aeromagnetic detection of diagenrtic magnetite ovel oil fields. AAPG Bulletin, 1979,63(2):245～248
2Donovan T J et al. Low-altitude aeromagnetic reconnaissance for petroleum in the Arctic National wildilfeRefuge Aaska, Geophysics, 1984, 49(10): 1338～1353
3Elmore R D et al. Evidence for a relationship between hydrocarbon and authigenic magnetite. Nature,1987,325,428～430
4Maccabe C et al. Occurrence of secondary magnetite within biodegraded crude oil. geology, 1987, 15(1):7～10
5Benthien R H and Elmore R D. Origin of magnetization in the Phosphoria formation at Sheep MOuntain,Wyoming, A possdrie refationship with hydrocarbon. Geophs, 1987, 14(3); 323～326
6Kilgore B and Elmore R D.A study of the relationshoip between hydrocarbon migration and precipitationof authigenic magnetic minerals In the Trassic Chugwater Formation, Southern Montana, Geol soc AmBull, 1989, 101, 1280～1288
7Broadma T W. Magnetic anomalies over oil field, Golden press, Colorado School of Mines, 1985, 126
8 Reynolds R L et al. Iron sulfide minerals at Cement oil field, Oklahoma-implications for the magnetic detection of oilfield, Geo Soc Bull, 1991a, 102: 368~380
9Reynolds R L et al. Magnetic forward mpdels of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic,geochemical, and petrological constraints, Geophsics, 1990b, 55 (3): 344~353
10Elmore R D. The occurance and origin of remagnetization in the sedimentary rocks of North American,Reviews of Geophysics, 1991
11Sassen R. Biodegration of crude oil and mineral deposition in a shallow Gulf coast salt dome. OrganicGeochemistry, 1980 (2): 153~155
12Machel H G and Burton E A. Causes and spatial distribution of anomalous magnetization in hydrocarbonseepage environment. Am Ass Petr Geo, 1991, (75): 1 864~ 1 876
13Ronald c, Surdam 著,覃建雄译.烃类和矿物氧化剂之间的氧化还原瓜——砂岩中有效孔隙度增加的原理,地质科学译丛, 1994, (2)
14 Goldhaber M B and Renalds R L. Relations among hydrocarbon reservoirs, epigenetic Sulfidization, androck magnetization: Examples from the south Texas coastal plain. Geophysics, 1991, 56 (6): 748~757
15Saunders D F and Terry S A. Onshore exploration using the new geochemical and geomorphology. Oiland Gas, 1985, Sept, 16
16Machel H G and Borton E A. Chemal and microboal process causing anomalous magnetization in environment affected by hydrocarbon seepage, Geophysics, 1991, 56 (5): 598~60517阎桂林等. 河南双河油田第四纪沉积物(土壤)中赵磁细菌的发现。地球科学,1995,(3)
18Vali H et al. Observations of magnetosome organization, surface structure and iron biomineralization ofundescried magnetic bacteria: evolution speculations, in Frankel K B and BlaKemore R P (eds ), IronBiominerals, Plenum Press, 199e, 97~115
19Fishman N S et al. Source of anomalous magnetization in area of hydrocarbon potential: petrologic evidence from Turrassic Pruss Sandstone, Wyoming-Idaho Thrust belt. AAPG Bulletin, 1989, (73): 182~ 194
20 Cisowki S M et al. The generation of magnetic anomalies by combution metamorphism of sedimentaryrock, and its significance to hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 1987,(99): 21~29
21 Reed Tompkins 著,扬长清译.氧化还原鉴定技术——直接找油方法,油气地质译丛,1994, (1)
22 Czando Baag and Deok Kyo Lee 著,陈云译,油气渗漏的“磁电效应“不产生磁异常,石油物探
23 Renolds R L. Post-deposition alteration of titanomagnetite in a Miocene sandstone, South Texas (U SA), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1982, (61): 381~391
24 Oehler D Z et al. Seepage-induced anomalies “falsen” anomalies and implication for electrical prospecting.Am Ass Petro Geo Bull, 1984, 68 (9): 1 121~1 145
25 Foote R S. Signthcance of Near-surface Magnetic Anomalies, in M J Davidson and B M Gottlieh, eds,UnconVentional methords in exploration for petroleum and natural gas: Southern Methodist UniversityInstitute for the study of Earth and Man, 1984, 12~24
26Donovan T J et al. Near-surface Epigenetic Magnetic Indicators of burried hydrocarbons and seepage ofspurious signals. AAPG Bulletin, 1986, 70
27 Eliason P T et al. Integration of geologic, Seochemical and geophysical data of the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, using spatial array processing. Geophysics, 1983, 48 (10): 1305~1317
28姜效典等.与油气相关磁异常的模糊识别法,石油物探,1l993,32(1):68~73
29张玉君,用图像处理技术研究油气的航磁航放异常,地球物理学报, 1994,37(1)
30王懋基等,特殊磁场区的航磁解释,物探与化探,1991,(2)
31 卢升高,土壤磁学以及其应用研究进展,土壤学进展, 1991, (5)
32Saunders D F et al. Integrated petroleum exploration improves wildcat success, Partl. Word Oil,1987a, 205 (3): 42~46
33 Saunders D F et al- Integrated pretroleum exploration improves wildcat success, Part2. WOrd Oil,1987b, 205(5): 50~54
34 Saunders D F. Observed relation of soil magnetic susceptibility and soil gas hydrocarbon analyses to subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. Am Ass Petro Geo Bull, 1991, 75 (3): 398~408
35 朱日祥等.中国黄土磁学性质与古气候意义,中国科学,1994, (9)
36Tooth J. Ground water and hydrocarbon migration. The Geology of Noth America,02,hydrogelogy,1988
37林存山.略谈油气物化探中的不确定性与评价.物探与化探,1991,(1)
38阮天健等编.石油天然气化学勘探,中国地质大学出版社,1991
39李盛汉等.重磁力及土壤地球化学测量在柴达木盆地东部地区的应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊2):200～208
40袁业培等.高精度重力测量油气藏的可能性.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(1):200～208
41贾国相.土壤电导率方法寻找油气田的应用效果.石油实验地质,1994,(4)
42Ronald W Kinsman著,张德厚译.生物地球化学在探测油气微渗漏中的潜在应用, 1993
2Donovan T J et al. Low-altitude aeromagnetic reconnaissance for petroleum in the Arctic National wildilfeRefuge Aaska, Geophysics, 1984, 49(10): 1338～1353
3Elmore R D et al. Evidence for a relationship between hydrocarbon and authigenic magnetite. Nature,1987,325,428～430
4Maccabe C et al. Occurrence of secondary magnetite within biodegraded crude oil. geology, 1987, 15(1):7～10
5Benthien R H and Elmore R D. Origin of magnetization in the Phosphoria formation at Sheep MOuntain,Wyoming, A possdrie refationship with hydrocarbon. Geophs, 1987, 14(3); 323～326
6Kilgore B and Elmore R D.A study of the relationshoip between hydrocarbon migration and precipitationof authigenic magnetic minerals In the Trassic Chugwater Formation, Southern Montana, Geol soc AmBull, 1989, 101, 1280～1288
7Broadma T W. Magnetic anomalies over oil field, Golden press, Colorado School of Mines, 1985, 126
8 Reynolds R L et al. Iron sulfide minerals at Cement oil field, Oklahoma-implications for the magnetic detection of oilfield, Geo Soc Bull, 1991a, 102: 368~380
9Reynolds R L et al. Magnetic forward mpdels of Cement oil field, Oklahoma, based on rock magnetic,geochemical, and petrological constraints, Geophsics, 1990b, 55 (3): 344~353
10Elmore R D. The occurance and origin of remagnetization in the sedimentary rocks of North American,Reviews of Geophysics, 1991
11Sassen R. Biodegration of crude oil and mineral deposition in a shallow Gulf coast salt dome. OrganicGeochemistry, 1980 (2): 153~155
12Machel H G and Burton E A. Causes and spatial distribution of anomalous magnetization in hydrocarbonseepage environment. Am Ass Petr Geo, 1991, (75): 1 864~ 1 876
13Ronald c, Surdam 著,覃建雄译.烃类和矿物氧化剂之间的氧化还原瓜——砂岩中有效孔隙度增加的原理,地质科学译丛, 1994, (2)
14 Goldhaber M B and Renalds R L. Relations among hydrocarbon reservoirs, epigenetic Sulfidization, androck magnetization: Examples from the south Texas coastal plain. Geophysics, 1991, 56 (6): 748~757
15Saunders D F and Terry S A. Onshore exploration using the new geochemical and geomorphology. Oiland Gas, 1985, Sept, 16
16Machel H G and Borton E A. Chemal and microboal process causing anomalous magnetization in environment affected by hydrocarbon seepage, Geophysics, 1991, 56 (5): 598~60517阎桂林等. 河南双河油田第四纪沉积物(土壤)中赵磁细菌的发现。地球科学,1995,(3)
18Vali H et al. Observations of magnetosome organization, surface structure and iron biomineralization ofundescried magnetic bacteria: evolution speculations, in Frankel K B and BlaKemore R P (eds ), IronBiominerals, Plenum Press, 199e, 97~115
19Fishman N S et al. Source of anomalous magnetization in area of hydrocarbon potential: petrologic evidence from Turrassic Pruss Sandstone, Wyoming-Idaho Thrust belt. AAPG Bulletin, 1989, (73): 182~ 194
20 Cisowki S M et al. The generation of magnetic anomalies by combution metamorphism of sedimentaryrock, and its significance to hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 1987,(99): 21~29
21 Reed Tompkins 著,扬长清译.氧化还原鉴定技术——直接找油方法,油气地质译丛,1994, (1)
22 Czando Baag and Deok Kyo Lee 著,陈云译,油气渗漏的“磁电效应“不产生磁异常,石油物探
23 Renolds R L. Post-deposition alteration of titanomagnetite in a Miocene sandstone, South Texas (U SA), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1982, (61): 381~391
24 Oehler D Z et al. Seepage-induced anomalies “falsen” anomalies and implication for electrical prospecting.Am Ass Petro Geo Bull, 1984, 68 (9): 1 121~1 145
25 Foote R S. Signthcance of Near-surface Magnetic Anomalies, in M J Davidson and B M Gottlieh, eds,UnconVentional methords in exploration for petroleum and natural gas: Southern Methodist UniversityInstitute for the study of Earth and Man, 1984, 12~24
26Donovan T J et al. Near-surface Epigenetic Magnetic Indicators of burried hydrocarbons and seepage ofspurious signals. AAPG Bulletin, 1986, 70
27 Eliason P T et al. Integration of geologic, Seochemical and geophysical data of the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, using spatial array processing. Geophysics, 1983, 48 (10): 1305~1317
28姜效典等.与油气相关磁异常的模糊识别法,石油物探,1l993,32(1):68~73
29张玉君,用图像处理技术研究油气的航磁航放异常,地球物理学报, 1994,37(1)
30王懋基等,特殊磁场区的航磁解释,物探与化探,1991,(2)
31 卢升高,土壤磁学以及其应用研究进展,土壤学进展, 1991, (5)
32Saunders D F et al. Integrated petroleum exploration improves wildcat success, Partl. Word Oil,1987a, 205 (3): 42~46
33 Saunders D F et al- Integrated pretroleum exploration improves wildcat success, Part2. WOrd Oil,1987b, 205(5): 50~54
34 Saunders D F. Observed relation of soil magnetic susceptibility and soil gas hydrocarbon analyses to subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. Am Ass Petro Geo Bull, 1991, 75 (3): 398~408
35 朱日祥等.中国黄土磁学性质与古气候意义,中国科学,1994, (9)
36Tooth J. Ground water and hydrocarbon migration. The Geology of Noth America,02,hydrogelogy,1988
37林存山.略谈油气物化探中的不确定性与评价.物探与化探,1991,(1)
38阮天健等编.石油天然气化学勘探,中国地质大学出版社,1991
39李盛汉等.重磁力及土壤地球化学测量在柴达木盆地东部地区的应用效果.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊2):200～208
40袁业培等.高精度重力测量油气藏的可能性.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(1):200～208
41贾国相.土壤电导率方法寻找油气田的应用效果.石油实验地质,1994,(4)
42Ronald W Kinsman著,张德厚译.生物地球化学在探测油气微渗漏中的潜在应用, 1993
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