结构抗震试验方法的发展
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摘要
地震荷载极大的破坏性,使得结构抗震性能的研究成为一个被广泛关注的热点问题。为了提高结构抗震研究的试验能力和试验水平,近年来在传统结构抗震试验方法的基础上,出现了一些新的试验方式和方法。本文总结介绍了目前结构抗震试验方法的一些发展趋势,包括:(1)地震模拟振动台的大型化和多台化,以进行大比例模型甚至足尺模型试验或考虑大跨度结构地震动的非均匀性;(2)进行子结构试验的实时化,以实现数值子结构模型和试验子结构模型的实时结合;(3)进行试验设备的网络化,以提高试验设备的利用率,实现资源共享等,供有关研究者参考。
The tremendous destruction of the earthquake load makes the seismic research of structures become a subject extensively concerned. To improve the ability and the accuracy of the dynamic test of structures, some new dynamic test means were developed on the basis of the traditional test methods in the recent years. In the paper, the advances was introduced in the full-scaled shaking table, the multiple shaking tables, the real-time substructure testing, and the network for the seismic testing equipments. Moreover, several tendencies of the dynamic testing development of structures are suggested. The paper can be a reference for the seismic investigation of structures.
The tremendous destruction of the earthquake load makes the seismic research of structures become a subject extensively concerned. To improve the ability and the accuracy of the dynamic test of structures, some new dynamic test means were developed on the basis of the traditional test methods in the recent years. In the paper, the advances was introduced in the full-scaled shaking table, the multiple shaking tables, the real-time substructure testing, and the network for the seismic testing equipments. Moreover, several tendencies of the dynamic testing development of structures are suggested. The paper can be a reference for the seismic investigation of structures.
引文
[1]W illiam sMS,B lakeborough A.Laboratory testing of structures under dynam ic loads:an introductory review[J].Ph ilos TRoy Soc A 2001;359(1786):1651~1669.
[2]W illiam sMS.Dynam ic testing of structures[A].Newsletter,The Society for Earthquake and C ivil Engineering Dynam ics 2001[C].15(3):5~10.
[3]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震试验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[4]韩传峰,李春祥,张群慧.基础和屋顶隔震混凝土结构的地震振动台实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(1):141~147.
[5]瞿伟廉,陈静,徐幼麟,等.带裙房高层建筑地震反应控制振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(3):64~72.
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[8]Bairrao R,Vaz CT.Shak ing tab le testing of civil engineering structures-the LNEC 3D simu lator experience[A].Paper 2129,12thW orld Confer-ence on Earthquake Engineering[C].E lsevier Science,2000.
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[10]Ogawa N,Ohtan i K,Katayama T,et al.Construction of a three-d im ensional,large-scale shak ing tab le and developm ent of core technology[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A 2001;359(1786):1725~1751.
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[12]HakunoM,Sh idawaraM,Hara T.Dynam ic destructive test of a cantilever beam,controlled by an analog-computer,controlled by an analog-com-puter[J].Transactions of Japan Society of C ivil Engineering,1969,171:1~9.
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[15]Mah in SA,Sh ing PSB,Thewalt CR,et al.Psudodynam ic testing m ethod-current status and future d irections[J].Journal of Structural Engineer-ing,1989,115(8):2113~2128.
[16]ChungW J,Yun CB,K im NS,et al.Shak ing tab le and pseudodynam ic tests for the evaluation of the seism ic performance of base-isolated struc-tures[J].Engineering Structures,1999,21(4):365~379.
[17]Nakash ima M,Kato H,Takaoka E.D evelopm ent of real-tim e pseudo dynam ic testing[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynam ics,1992,21:79~92.
[18]Horiuch i T,Nakagawa M,SuganoM,et al.D evelopm ent of a real-tim e hybrid experim ental system w ith actuator delay compensation[A].Paper660,11thW orld Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].E lsevier Science,1996.
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[20]Darby AP,B lakeborough A,W illiam s MS.Real-tim e substructure tests using hydrau lic actuator[J].Journal of Engineering M echan ics ASCE1999,125(10):1133~1139.
[21]Nakash ima M,Masaoka N.Real-tim e on-line test forMDOF system s[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynam ics,1999,28(4):393~420.
[22]Horiuch i T,InoueM,Konno T,et al.D evelopm ent of a real-tim eHybrid experim ental system using a shak ing tab le[A].Paper 0843,12thW orldConference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Auckland,New Zealand,2000.
[23]Igarash i A,Iemura H,Suwa T.D evelopm ent of substructured shak ing tab le testm ethod[A].Paper 1775,12thW orld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering[C].Auckland,New Zealand,2000.
[24]Kobayash iH,Tamura K,Tan imoto S.Hybrid vibration experim ents w ith a bridge foundation system model[J].Soil Dynam ics and EarthquakeEngineering,2002,22(9~12):1135~1141.
[25]B lakeborough A,W illiam sMS,Darby AP,et al.The developm ent of real-tim e substructure testing[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1869~1891.
[26]Nakash imaM.D evelopm ent,potential,and lim itations of real-tim e on line(pseudo-dynam ic)testing[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1851~1867.
[27]茹继平,肖岩.美国地震工程模拟网系统NEES计划及在我国实现远程协同结构试验的设想[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(6):91~94.
[28]Zeng X iangwu.Earthquake simu lation in geotechn ical engineering[A].中国土木工程学会第九届土力学与岩土工程学术会议论文集[C].北京,清华大学,1993.228~233.
[29]B leiweis P,Holm esW,Isenberg J,et a.l Network for earthquake engineering simu lation[Z].
[30]Dyke SJ,Caicedo JM.The un iversity consortium on instructional shake tab les[A].Proceed ings of the ICANCEER Conference[C].Harb in,Ch i-na,2002.15~20.
[31]C rewe AJ,Severn RT.The European collaborative programm e on evaluating the performance of shak ing tab les[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1671~1696.
[2]W illiam sMS.Dynam ic testing of structures[A].Newsletter,The Society for Earthquake and C ivil Engineering Dynam ics 2001[C].15(3):5~10.
[3]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震试验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[4]韩传峰,李春祥,张群慧.基础和屋顶隔震混凝土结构的地震振动台实验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(1):141~147.
[5]瞿伟廉,陈静,徐幼麟,等.带裙房高层建筑地震反应控制振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(3):64~72.
[6]吕西林,邹昀,卢文胜,等.上海环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004:24(3):57~63.
[7]沈聚敏,周锡元,高小旺,等.抗震工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[8]Bairrao R,Vaz CT.Shak ing tab le testing of civil engineering structures-the LNEC 3D simu lator experience[A].Paper 2129,12thW orld Confer-ence on Earthquake Engineering[C].E lsevier Science,2000.
[9]Ogawa N,Ohtan i K,Nakamura I,et al.D evelopm ent of core technology for 3-d 1200 tonne large shak ing tab le[A].Paper 2156,12thW orldConference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Auckland,New Zealand 2000.
[10]Ogawa N,Ohtan i K,Katayama T,et al.Construction of a three-d im ensional,large-scale shak ing tab le and developm ent of core technology[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A 2001;359(1786):1725~1751.
[11]B runeau M,Reinhorn A,Constantinou M,et a.l The UB-Node oftheNEES network[Z].
[12]HakunoM,Sh idawaraM,Hara T.Dynam ic destructive test of a cantilever beam,controlled by an analog-computer,controlled by an analog-com-puter[J].Transactions of Japan Society of C ivil Engineering,1969,171:1~9.
[13]Takanash i K.Seism ic failure analysis of structures by computer-pu lsator on-line system[J].J.Inst.O f Industrial Sci,1974,26(11):13~25.
[14]Takanash i K,Nakash ima M.Japanese activities on on-line testing[J].Journal of EngineeringM echan ics,1987,113(7):1014~1032.
[15]Mah in SA,Sh ing PSB,Thewalt CR,et al.Psudodynam ic testing m ethod-current status and future d irections[J].Journal of Structural Engineer-ing,1989,115(8):2113~2128.
[16]ChungW J,Yun CB,K im NS,et al.Shak ing tab le and pseudodynam ic tests for the evaluation of the seism ic performance of base-isolated struc-tures[J].Engineering Structures,1999,21(4):365~379.
[17]Nakash ima M,Kato H,Takaoka E.D evelopm ent of real-tim e pseudo dynam ic testing[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynam ics,1992,21:79~92.
[18]Horiuch i T,Nakagawa M,SuganoM,et al.D evelopm ent of a real-tim e hybrid experim ental system w ith actuator delay compensation[A].Paper660,11thW orld Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].E lsevier Science,1996.
[19]Horiuch i T,Inoue M,Konno T,et al.Real-tim e hybrid experim ental system w ith actuator delay compensation and its application to a p ip ing sys-tem w ith energy absorber[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynam ics,1999;28(10):1121~1141.
[20]Darby AP,B lakeborough A,W illiam s MS.Real-tim e substructure tests using hydrau lic actuator[J].Journal of Engineering M echan ics ASCE1999,125(10):1133~1139.
[21]Nakash ima M,Masaoka N.Real-tim e on-line test forMDOF system s[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynam ics,1999,28(4):393~420.
[22]Horiuch i T,InoueM,Konno T,et al.D evelopm ent of a real-tim eHybrid experim ental system using a shak ing tab le[A].Paper 0843,12thW orldConference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Auckland,New Zealand,2000.
[23]Igarash i A,Iemura H,Suwa T.D evelopm ent of substructured shak ing tab le testm ethod[A].Paper 1775,12thW orld Conference on EarthquakeEngineering[C].Auckland,New Zealand,2000.
[24]Kobayash iH,Tamura K,Tan imoto S.Hybrid vibration experim ents w ith a bridge foundation system model[J].Soil Dynam ics and EarthquakeEngineering,2002,22(9~12):1135~1141.
[25]B lakeborough A,W illiam sMS,Darby AP,et al.The developm ent of real-tim e substructure testing[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1869~1891.
[26]Nakash imaM.D evelopm ent,potential,and lim itations of real-tim e on line(pseudo-dynam ic)testing[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1851~1867.
[27]茹继平,肖岩.美国地震工程模拟网系统NEES计划及在我国实现远程协同结构试验的设想[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(6):91~94.
[28]Zeng X iangwu.Earthquake simu lation in geotechn ical engineering[A].中国土木工程学会第九届土力学与岩土工程学术会议论文集[C].北京,清华大学,1993.228~233.
[29]B leiweis P,Holm esW,Isenberg J,et a.l Network for earthquake engineering simu lation[Z].
[30]Dyke SJ,Caicedo JM.The un iversity consortium on instructional shake tab les[A].Proceed ings of the ICANCEER Conference[C].Harb in,Ch i-na,2002.15~20.
[31]C rewe AJ,Severn RT.The European collaborative programm e on evaluating the performance of shak ing tab les[J].Ph ilos T Roy Soc A,2001,359(1786):1671~1696.
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