压电陶瓷传感器在岩土工程中的应用
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摘要
压电陶瓷传感器在岩土工程中有很多应用,尤其是通过测量波速来确定土的性质方面。由于材料的物理性质与波速密切相关,压电陶瓷传感器提供了一种简便可靠的无损检测方法。本文报道了压电陶瓷传感器应用于粘土、砂和砾石等不同种类土的研究成果,对应力导致土体各向异性的研究,对路基和地基土的力学特性检测,在离心模型试验中的应用,以及在微重力环境下的粒状材料中波的传播特性的研究等。研究表明,压电陶瓷传感器在岩土力学研究和工程实践中有广阔的应用前景。
Piezoelectric sensors have been widely applied in geotechnical engineering,especially in characterizing soils through measurement of wave velocities.Since mechanical properties of a material are closely associated with wave velocities,piezoelectric sensors provid a reliable and non-destructive method for the determination of soil properties.The following results of recent researches were presented on measuring stiffness of a wide range of soils such as clay,sand and gravel,characterizing anisotropic properties of soil induced by external loading,measuring stiffness of base and subgrade materials in the pavement,determining soil properties in a centrifuge model during the flight of a centrifuge,and understanding wave propagation in granular materials under micro-gravity environment with this technique.It was shown that piezoelectric sensors could be widely and effectively used in researches and practices of geotechnical engineering.
Piezoelectric sensors have been widely applied in geotechnical engineering,especially in characterizing soils through measurement of wave velocities.Since mechanical properties of a material are closely associated with wave velocities,piezoelectric sensors provid a reliable and non-destructive method for the determination of soil properties.The following results of recent researches were presented on measuring stiffness of a wide range of soils such as clay,sand and gravel,characterizing anisotropic properties of soil induced by external loading,measuring stiffness of base and subgrade materials in the pavement,determining soil properties in a centrifuge model during the flight of a centrifuge,and understanding wave propagation in granular materials under micro-gravity environment with this technique.It was shown that piezoelectric sensors could be widely and effectively used in researches and practices of geotechnical engineering.
引文
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[11]ZENG X,HASELTON J.Measuring stiffness of gravelly soil used in pavement foundation[C]//Proceedings of 16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,2003,7:16–18.
[12]FU L,ZENG X,FIGUEROA L.Shear wave velocity measurement in centrifuge using bender elements[J].International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics,2004.
[13]DRNEVICH V P.Recent developments in resonant column testing[C]//Proceedings of Richart Commemorative Lectures,An Arbor,MI,American Society of Civil Engineers,1985,79–107.
[14]HARDIN B O,RICHART F E,Jr.Elastic wave velocities in granular soils[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1936,89(SM1):33–65.
[15]HARDIN B O,DRNEVICH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1972,98(SM7):667–692.
[16]STURE S,COSTES N C,BATISTE S N,et al.Mechanics of granular materials at low effective stresses[J].ASCE Journal of Aerospace Engineering,1998,11(3):67–72.
[2]THOMANN T G,R D HRYCIW R D.Laboratory measurement of small strain shear modulus under K0 conditions[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,ASTM,1990,13(2):97–105.
[3]JOVICIC V,COOP M R,SIMIC M.Objective criteria for determining Gmax from bender blement tests[J].Geotechnique,1996,46(2):357–362.
[4]JOVICIC V,COOP M R.The measurement of stiffness of clays with bender element tests in the triaxial apparatus[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,ASTM,1998,21(1):3–10.
[5]VIGGIANI G,ATKINSON J H.Interpretation of bender element tests[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):149–154.
[6]HRYCIW R D,THOMANN T G.Stress-history-based model for Ge of cohesionless soils[J].ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(7):1073–1093.
[7]ZENG X,NI B.Stress-induced anisotropic Gmax of sands and its measurements[J].ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1999,125(9):741–749.
[8]ZENG X,FIGUEROA J L,FU L.Measurement of base and subgrade layer stiffness using bender element technique[C]//ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication 123:Recent Advances in Materials Characterization and Modeling of Pavement Systems,2003.
[9]郭迅,黄玉龙,殷建华.Bender Element在测试土样剪切波速中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(2):92–96.(GUO X,WONG Y L,YIN J H.Application of bender elements in measuring shear wave velocity of soil sample[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,20(2):92–96.)
[10]黄博,等.压电陶瓷弯曲元法测试土样弹性剪切模量[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(2):155–160.(HUANG Bo,et al.Measurements of elastic shear modulus Gmax using piezoceramic bender elements[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2001,14(2):155–160.)
[11]ZENG X,HASELTON J.Measuring stiffness of gravelly soil used in pavement foundation[C]//Proceedings of 16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference,2003,7:16–18.
[12]FU L,ZENG X,FIGUEROA L.Shear wave velocity measurement in centrifuge using bender elements[J].International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics,2004.
[13]DRNEVICH V P.Recent developments in resonant column testing[C]//Proceedings of Richart Commemorative Lectures,An Arbor,MI,American Society of Civil Engineers,1985,79–107.
[14]HARDIN B O,RICHART F E,Jr.Elastic wave velocities in granular soils[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1936,89(SM1):33–65.
[15]HARDIN B O,DRNEVICH V P.Shear modulus and damping in soils:design equations and curves[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1972,98(SM7):667–692.
[16]STURE S,COSTES N C,BATISTE S N,et al.Mechanics of granular materials at low effective stresses[J].ASCE Journal of Aerospace Engineering,1998,11(3):67–72.
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