叠置薄储层的沉积微相解释研究
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摘要
中国陆相沉积盆地腹部油气勘探所面临的问题是:盆地面积小,断裂发育,沉积相变化快,储层薄,当地震勘探分辨率小于1／4波长时,在地震剖面上难以分辨出这些薄储层。针对这一问题,开展了探索和研究,建立了一套针对薄储层的地震勘探技术思路。提出对于叠置薄储层(单层厚度小于3 m,埋深2 100m,5～7层)的勘探,最终目标是求解叠置薄储层沉积微相的思想。讨论了相对保持振幅和波形的提高分辨率处理的基本原理,即在有效消除近地表影响的条件下,获得相对保持振幅和波形的提高分辨率成像数据;给出了基于层序地层学的储层演化解释方法,即沿参考标准层提取等时地震属性切片,通过动态演化解释方法研究在一个沉积旋回中的薄储层的形成过程和空间展布特征。利用该方法对松辽盆地腹部下白垩系一套叠置砂体进行了沉积微相解释,划分了油气有利运移区和有利储集区,进行了油气富集区的预测。经多口开发控制井验证,预测的准确率在60％以上,说明地震对于薄储层勘探仍是行之有效的方法。
The petroleum exploration difficulties in the hinterland of a continental deposit basin in China lie in the small basin area, developed fractures, rapidly changing sedimentary facies and thin reservoirs. It is by no means easy to distinguish the thin reservoirs on seismic sections if the reservoir thickness is less than 1/4 of a wavelength. This paper presents a set of new seismic methods to deal with the above-mentioned difficulties, which includes the methods to identify the superposed thin reservoirs with the single layer less than 3 meters, buried depth 2,100 meters, and 5 to 7 layers composed by computing their sedimentary microfacies. The migrated data with high-resolution and preserved relative amplitude and waveform is obtained by effectively eliminating the near-surface impact. A reservoir evolution interpretation method based on sequence stratigraphy is proposed, seismic attribute slices are extracted along the reference layer, dynamic evolution interpretation method is applied to research thin reservoir development process and its spatial exhibition features in a cycle of sedimentation. We conduct a sedimentary micro facies interpretation on a group of superposed sand bodies of the Lower Cretaceous in the hinterland of Songliao Basin using this of methods; favorable petroleum migration and reservoir areas are differentiated and predicted. Several development wells indicate that the prediction accuracy is over 60% , these new seismic methods are proved to be effective and efficient in predicting thin reservoirs.
The petroleum exploration difficulties in the hinterland of a continental deposit basin in China lie in the small basin area, developed fractures, rapidly changing sedimentary facies and thin reservoirs. It is by no means easy to distinguish the thin reservoirs on seismic sections if the reservoir thickness is less than 1/4 of a wavelength. This paper presents a set of new seismic methods to deal with the above-mentioned difficulties, which includes the methods to identify the superposed thin reservoirs with the single layer less than 3 meters, buried depth 2,100 meters, and 5 to 7 layers composed by computing their sedimentary microfacies. The migrated data with high-resolution and preserved relative amplitude and waveform is obtained by effectively eliminating the near-surface impact. A reservoir evolution interpretation method based on sequence stratigraphy is proposed, seismic attribute slices are extracted along the reference layer, dynamic evolution interpretation method is applied to research thin reservoir development process and its spatial exhibition features in a cycle of sedimentation. We conduct a sedimentary micro facies interpretation on a group of superposed sand bodies of the Lower Cretaceous in the hinterland of Songliao Basin using this of methods; favorable petroleum migration and reservoir areas are differentiated and predicted. Several development wells indicate that the prediction accuracy is over 60% , these new seismic methods are proved to be effective and efficient in predicting thin reservoirs.
引文
1 Ricker N. The form and nature of seismic waves and the structure of seismograms[J]. Geophysics, 1940, 5(4): 348-366
2 Widess M A. How thin is a thin bed? [J]. Geophysics, 1973,38(6), 1176-1180
3 Sheriff R E. Limitations on resolution of seismic reflections and geologic detail derivable from them, in seismic stratigraphy-Application to hydrocarbon ex-ploration[J],1977, AAPG Memoir 26, 3-14
4 Kalweit R S, Wood L C. The limits of resolution of Zero-phase wavelets[J]. Geophysics, 1982, 47(7): 1035-1046
5 Goupillaud P. An approach to inverse filtering of near-surface layer effects from seismic records [J]. Geophysics, 1961, 26(6) :754-760
6 Kjartansson E. Constant Q-wave propagation and at-tenuation[J]. J geophys, 1979,84(B7):4 737-4 748
7 Morley L, Claerbout J F. Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space [J]. Geophysics, 1983, 48 (5): 515-531
8张永刚．两步法统计子波反褶积[J]．物探科技通讯, 1988,6(2):19-28
9 Levin S A. Surface-consistent deconvolution[J]. Geophysics, 1989, 54(9) :1 123-1133
10凌云研究组．一个被开发证实的隐蔽油气藏解释实例[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):52-57
11凌云研究组．叠后相对保持振幅处理研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):501-506
12凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形处理的研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543-552
13 Robinson E A. Predictive decomposition of time series with application to seismic exploration[J]. Geophys-cis, 1967, 32(3): 418-484
14 Clarke G K C. Time - varying deconvolution filters [J]. Geophysics, 1968, 33(6): 936-944
15 Taner M T, Korhler F. Surface - consistent correc-tions[J]. Geophysics, 1981, 46(1): 17-22
16高军,凌云,周兴元等．时频域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1996,33(6):856-866
17凌云,高军,吴琳．时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):176-182
18凌云,高军,张汝杰．基于一维弹性阻尼波动理论的沙丘吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6): 795-803,841
19凌云,周熙襄．自适应可控震源地表一致性反褶积[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):306-315,356
20凌云,高军,张汝杰．应用地表一致性变步长预测反褶积消除沙丘鸣震[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1): 23-31
21凌云研究组．三维地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(5):433-440
22凌云研究组．测井与地震信息标定[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):68-74
23凌云研究组．储层演化地震分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):672-678
24凌云,孙德胜,高军等．基于三维地震数据的准层序组内沉积体的解释研究[J]．石油物探,2005,43(6):568-577
2 Widess M A. How thin is a thin bed? [J]. Geophysics, 1973,38(6), 1176-1180
3 Sheriff R E. Limitations on resolution of seismic reflections and geologic detail derivable from them, in seismic stratigraphy-Application to hydrocarbon ex-ploration[J],1977, AAPG Memoir 26, 3-14
4 Kalweit R S, Wood L C. The limits of resolution of Zero-phase wavelets[J]. Geophysics, 1982, 47(7): 1035-1046
5 Goupillaud P. An approach to inverse filtering of near-surface layer effects from seismic records [J]. Geophysics, 1961, 26(6) :754-760
6 Kjartansson E. Constant Q-wave propagation and at-tenuation[J]. J geophys, 1979,84(B7):4 737-4 748
7 Morley L, Claerbout J F. Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space [J]. Geophysics, 1983, 48 (5): 515-531
8张永刚．两步法统计子波反褶积[J]．物探科技通讯, 1988,6(2):19-28
9 Levin S A. Surface-consistent deconvolution[J]. Geophysics, 1989, 54(9) :1 123-1133
10凌云研究组．一个被开发证实的隐蔽油气藏解释实例[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(1):52-57
11凌云研究组．叠后相对保持振幅处理研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):501-506
12凌云研究组．叠前相对保持振幅、频率、相位和波形处理的研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):543-552
13 Robinson E A. Predictive decomposition of time series with application to seismic exploration[J]. Geophys-cis, 1967, 32(3): 418-484
14 Clarke G K C. Time - varying deconvolution filters [J]. Geophysics, 1968, 33(6): 936-944
15 Taner M T, Korhler F. Surface - consistent correc-tions[J]. Geophysics, 1981, 46(1): 17-22
16高军,凌云,周兴元等．时频域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1996,33(6):856-866
17凌云,高军,吴琳．时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):176-182
18凌云,高军,张汝杰．基于一维弹性阻尼波动理论的沙丘吸收补偿[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6): 795-803,841
19凌云,周熙襄．自适应可控震源地表一致性反褶积[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):306-315,356
20凌云,高军,张汝杰．应用地表一致性变步长预测反褶积消除沙丘鸣震[J]．石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1): 23-31
21凌云研究组．三维地震数据的分析与检测方法研究[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(5):433-440
22凌云研究组．测井与地震信息标定[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(1):68-74
23凌云研究组．储层演化地震分析[J]．石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):672-678
24凌云,孙德胜,高军等．基于三维地震数据的准层序组内沉积体的解释研究[J]．石油物探,2005,43(6):568-577
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