岩石破裂电磁辐射(EMR)现象实验研究
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摘要
岩石破裂电磁辐射现象是客观存在的物理现象.随着电磁辐射观测技术在地震研究、冲击矿压预测等领域的应用,极大地推动了岩石破裂电磁辐射的实验研究.本文对岩石破裂电磁辐射的影响因素以及相伴生的现象,以及有关的物理解释进行了概括介绍.由于不同研究者使用实验设计、实验参数、实验条件的不同,使得观测和研究结果同样难以统一认识.不同的研究者根据各自的试验提出了不同的物理机制.同时对已发现现象的重复性、证实性研究岩石试验缺乏.严重匮乏利用数值模拟以及建立模型定量研究岩石破裂的电磁辐射.此外,岩样实验系统不同于实际的地震系统,进行模拟震源环境的实验研究,发展大尺度的标本和原岩现场实验的基础上,如何建立室内室外岩石实验与地震观测事实之间的联系是问题的关键.
The phenomena of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) during fracture of rocks is a fact.With the applying in earthquake forest and monitoring rock and coal burst failure the investigation of EMR is developed greatly.The paper reviews the signal characteristics and the effect factors.The mechanism of EMR in rock friction is analyzed by far.Phenomenon observed and research results are difficult because of the distinction of experimental design,parameter and condition.Therefore various mechanisms are proposed.In the future,Experiment must be done for validating the results of the previous ones.Meanwhile we must quantify electromagnetic radiation of synthesis models.In addition,specimen experiment is different from a true earthquake.So big scale specimen or field experiment is developed greatly in order to simulating the environment of earthquake.Of course the relation of rock experiment and earthquake is the key to problem.
The phenomena of electromagnetic radiation(EMR) during fracture of rocks is a fact.With the applying in earthquake forest and monitoring rock and coal burst failure the investigation of EMR is developed greatly.The paper reviews the signal characteristics and the effect factors.The mechanism of EMR in rock friction is analyzed by far.Phenomenon observed and research results are difficult because of the distinction of experimental design,parameter and condition.Therefore various mechanisms are proposed.In the future,Experiment must be done for validating the results of the previous ones.Meanwhile we must quantify electromagnetic radiation of synthesis models.In addition,specimen experiment is different from a true earthquake.So big scale specimen or field experiment is developed greatly in order to simulating the environment of earthquake.Of course the relation of rock experiment and earthquake is the key to problem.
引文
[1]毛桐恩,钱书清,刘小伟.震前电磁波观测与实验研究文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[2]陈智勇,杜晓泉,陶如谦,等.电磁辐射与地震[C].北京:地震出报社,1998.
[3]Frid V.Calculation of electromagnetic radiation criterion forrockburst hazard forecast in coal mines[J].Pure and AppliedGeophysics,2001,158:931~944.
[4]Frid V,Vozoff K.Electromagnetic radiation induced by min-ing rock failure[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1):57~65.
[5]王恩元,等.受载岩石电磁辐射特性及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1473~1477.
[6]王恩元,何学秋,窦林,周世宁,聂百胜,刘贞堂.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):216~221.
[7]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压危险预测的电磁辐射原理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):427~431.
[8]撒占友,何学秋,王恩元,于广明.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应实验研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):379~385.
[9]撒占友,何学秋,王恩元.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合规律.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1517~1522.
[10]刘建辉,李化敏.电磁辐射法在岩爆监测中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):69~73.
[11]徐为民,童芜生,吴培稚.岩石破裂过程中电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报.1985,28(2):181~190.
[12]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报.1986,29(5):491~494.
[13]孙正江.岩石破裂过程中的低频电磁辐射.地震,1986,4:1~4.
[14]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报.1988,31(5):566~571.
[15]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩石压缩带电的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990.33(2):208~211.
[16]曹惠馨,钱书清,吕智.岩石破裂过程中超长波段的电、磁信号和声发射的实验研究[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):235~241.
[17]郭自强,刘斌.岩石破裂电磁辐射的频率特性[J].地球物理学报.1995,38(2):221~226.
[18]钱书清,吕智,任克新.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究[J].地震学报.1998.20(5):535~540.
[19]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF,MF,HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):346~351.
[20]钱书清,郝锦绮,周建国,等.岩石受压破裂的ULF和LF电磁前兆信号[J].中国地震.2003,19(2):109~116.
[21]郝锦绮,钱书清.高金田,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102~111.
[22]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Electromagnetic radiationassociated with induced triaxial fracture in granite[J].Philo-sophical magazine letters,1999,79(2):79~86.
[23]Brady B T,Rowell G A.Laboratory investigation of the elec-trodynamics of rock fracture[J].Nature,1986,321:488~492.
[24]钱书清,郝锦绮,邓明德,等.混凝土样品受压破裂过程中的电磁信号[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):797~800.
[25]刘煜洲,刘因,王寅生,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的影响因素和机理[J].地震学报,1997,19(4):418~425.
[26]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Fracture induced electro-magnetic radiation[J].Appl.Phys.2003,36:1620~1628.
[27]钱书清,张以勤,曹惠馨,等.岩石破裂时产生电磁脉冲的观测与研究[J].地震学报.1986,8(3):301~3O7.
[28]Tomizawa M.Hayakawa T.Yoshino K.ohta,T.Okada,H.Sakai.Observation of ELF/VLF Electromagnetic varia-tions assosiatied with a seismic experimental explosion[C].In:M.Hayakawa and Y.Fujinawa.Electromagnetic Phe-nomena related to Eaththquake Prediction[C].Terra Seien-tific Publishing Company.1994:337~347.
[29]金安中,赵强,姜枚,等.小尺度岩石爆破引起电磁辐射野外实验观测结果[J].地震学报,1997,19(1):45~5O.
[30]萨多夫斯基,等.地震的电磁前兆[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.34~45.
[31]郭自强,尤峻汉,李高,等.破裂岩石的电子发射与压缩原子模型[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(2):173~177.
[32]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594~601.
[33]郭子祺,郭自强.岩石破裂中多裂纹辐射模型[J].地球物理学报.1999,42(增刊.):172~177.
[34]Rabinovitch A.Parametrization of electromagnetic radiationpulses obtained by triaxial fracture of granite samples[J].Philosophical Magazine Letters,1998,77:289~293.
[35]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Fracture induced electro-magnetic radiation[J].Phys.D:Appl.Phys.2003(36):1620~1628.
[36]Frid V,Bahat D,Goldbaum J,Rabinovitch A.Experimentaland theoretical investigation of Electromagnetic radiation in-duced by rock fracture[J].Israel Journal of Earth Sciences,2000,49:9~19.
[37]陈忠辉,蔡永生,于光明.岩石破裂过程中电磁脉冲规律的研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版)1998,17(3):244~24.
[38]董玉芬,王来贵.地震前电磁异常现象与实验进展.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1999,18(5):524~544.
[39]钱书清.郝锦绮,周建国,等.1999年9月21日台湾集集Ms7.4地震前ULF电磁信号及其与模拟试验结果的比较[J].地震学报,2001,23(3):322~327.
[40]郭自强,郭子祺,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的电声效应[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):74~83.
[41]郭自强.地震低频电磁辐射研究[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):261~268.
[2]陈智勇,杜晓泉,陶如谦,等.电磁辐射与地震[C].北京:地震出报社,1998.
[3]Frid V.Calculation of electromagnetic radiation criterion forrockburst hazard forecast in coal mines[J].Pure and AppliedGeophysics,2001,158:931~944.
[4]Frid V,Vozoff K.Electromagnetic radiation induced by min-ing rock failure[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1):57~65.
[5]王恩元,等.受载岩石电磁辐射特性及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10):1473~1477.
[6]王恩元,何学秋,窦林,周世宁,聂百胜,刘贞堂.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):216~221.
[7]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压危险预测的电磁辐射原理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):427~431.
[8]撒占友,何学秋,王恩元,于广明.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应实验研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(2):379~385.
[9]撒占友,何学秋,王恩元.煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的力电耦合规律.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1517~1522.
[10]刘建辉,李化敏.电磁辐射法在岩爆监测中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2006,26(1):69~73.
[11]徐为民,童芜生,吴培稚.岩石破裂过程中电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报.1985,28(2):181~190.
[12]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报.1986,29(5):491~494.
[13]孙正江.岩石破裂过程中的低频电磁辐射.地震,1986,4:1~4.
[14]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报.1988,31(5):566~571.
[15]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩石压缩带电的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990.33(2):208~211.
[16]曹惠馨,钱书清,吕智.岩石破裂过程中超长波段的电、磁信号和声发射的实验研究[J].地震学报,1994,16(2):235~241.
[17]郭自强,刘斌.岩石破裂电磁辐射的频率特性[J].地球物理学报.1995,38(2):221~226.
[18]钱书清,吕智,任克新.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究[J].地震学报.1998.20(5):535~540.
[19]钱书清,任克新,吕智.伴随岩石破裂的VLF,MF,HF和VHF电磁辐射特性的实验研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):346~351.
[20]钱书清,郝锦绮,周建国,等.岩石受压破裂的ULF和LF电磁前兆信号[J].中国地震.2003,19(2):109~116.
[21]郝锦绮,钱书清.高金田,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102~111.
[22]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Electromagnetic radiationassociated with induced triaxial fracture in granite[J].Philo-sophical magazine letters,1999,79(2):79~86.
[23]Brady B T,Rowell G A.Laboratory investigation of the elec-trodynamics of rock fracture[J].Nature,1986,321:488~492.
[24]钱书清,郝锦绮,邓明德,等.混凝土样品受压破裂过程中的电磁信号[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):797~800.
[25]刘煜洲,刘因,王寅生,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的影响因素和机理[J].地震学报,1997,19(4):418~425.
[26]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Fracture induced electro-magnetic radiation[J].Appl.Phys.2003,36:1620~1628.
[27]钱书清,张以勤,曹惠馨,等.岩石破裂时产生电磁脉冲的观测与研究[J].地震学报.1986,8(3):301~3O7.
[28]Tomizawa M.Hayakawa T.Yoshino K.ohta,T.Okada,H.Sakai.Observation of ELF/VLF Electromagnetic varia-tions assosiatied with a seismic experimental explosion[C].In:M.Hayakawa and Y.Fujinawa.Electromagnetic Phe-nomena related to Eaththquake Prediction[C].Terra Seien-tific Publishing Company.1994:337~347.
[29]金安中,赵强,姜枚,等.小尺度岩石爆破引起电磁辐射野外实验观测结果[J].地震学报,1997,19(1):45~5O.
[30]萨多夫斯基,等.地震的电磁前兆[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.34~45.
[31]郭自强,尤峻汉,李高,等.破裂岩石的电子发射与压缩原子模型[J].地球物理学报,1989,32(2):173~177.
[32]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594~601.
[33]郭子祺,郭自强.岩石破裂中多裂纹辐射模型[J].地球物理学报.1999,42(增刊.):172~177.
[34]Rabinovitch A.Parametrization of electromagnetic radiationpulses obtained by triaxial fracture of granite samples[J].Philosophical Magazine Letters,1998,77:289~293.
[35]Frid V,Rabinovitch A,Bahat D.Fracture induced electro-magnetic radiation[J].Phys.D:Appl.Phys.2003(36):1620~1628.
[36]Frid V,Bahat D,Goldbaum J,Rabinovitch A.Experimentaland theoretical investigation of Electromagnetic radiation in-duced by rock fracture[J].Israel Journal of Earth Sciences,2000,49:9~19.
[37]陈忠辉,蔡永生,于光明.岩石破裂过程中电磁脉冲规律的研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版)1998,17(3):244~24.
[38]董玉芬,王来贵.地震前电磁异常现象与实验进展.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1999,18(5):524~544.
[39]钱书清.郝锦绮,周建国,等.1999年9月21日台湾集集Ms7.4地震前ULF电磁信号及其与模拟试验结果的比较[J].地震学报,2001,23(3):322~327.
[40]郭自强,郭子祺,钱书清,等.岩石破裂中的电声效应[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(1):74~83.
[41]郭自强.地震低频电磁辐射研究[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(1):261~268.
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