晋祠圣母殿勘测收获——圣母殿创建年代析
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摘要
<正> 1993年至1995年,山西省古建筑保护研究所对晋祠圣母殿落架大修,同时进行了全面的勘察测量,取得了大量准确的数据,并发现了一批重要的题记和文物,从而使我们对这一著名古建筑的始建年代和建筑结构、特点有了新的认识和收获。
In 1993—95 experts from the Institute for Research of Preservation of Monuments conducted a complete survey of the Shengmu Hall which was undergoing renovation. Beside a lot of statistics, the survey also brought to light some important inscriptions and relics. Special mention should be made of three pillar bases coded 1, 32 and 48 respectively. A total of 83 coins found in them include kaiyuan tongbao,zhouyuan tongbao and tangguo tongbao. As the latest of these coins was minted in the 6th year of the Xiande reign (956), at least these three pillars have remained as same as they were put there for the first time in the period of the taiping xingguo reign, never disturbed by later renovations. This, in cooperation with related literary data,locates the building date somewhere between the 4th and ninth years of the taiping xingguo reign of the Song dynasty,rather than the period of the tiansheng reign(1023—1031)as some previously believed.
In 1993—95 experts from the Institute for Research of Preservation of Monuments conducted a complete survey of the Shengmu Hall which was undergoing renovation. Beside a lot of statistics, the survey also brought to light some important inscriptions and relics. Special mention should be made of three pillar bases coded 1, 32 and 48 respectively. A total of 83 coins found in them include kaiyuan tongbao,zhouyuan tongbao and tangguo tongbao. As the latest of these coins was minted in the 6th year of the Xiande reign (956), at least these three pillars have remained as same as they were put there for the first time in the period of the taiping xingguo reign, never disturbed by later renovations. This, in cooperation with related literary data,locates the building date somewhere between the 4th and ninth years of the taiping xingguo reign of the Song dynasty,rather than the period of the tiansheng reign(1023—1031)as some previously believed.
引文
③ 《周廉访太原晋祠记》。
④ 《重修汾东王庙记》。
⑤ 雍正《太原县志》载,“景祐四年十二月甲申地震,死一千八百九十人.”“建中靖国元年十二月辛亥地震,弥旬不止,坏城壁屋宇,人畜多死。”
⑥ 雍正《太原县志》:“嘉靖元年八月二十三日地屡震至次年正月乃止。”“嘉靖三十六年,二月初七日酉时地震.”
⑧ 过去曾有学者认为圣母殿铺作分布远近不匀。这一结论,实由计算疏忽所致。即把明次间相邻铺作中到中的递减差由实际的45厘米错计为95厘米.以我们测量的结果,圣母殿相邻铺作中到中的递减差分别为47、 16和31厘米,铺作分布明间以外在法式“每补间铺作一朵不得过一尺”的范围内.至于明次间铺作中到中递减差为47厘米,是因为明间用一朵补间铺作之故,与法式规定“当心间需用补间铺作两朵”不符,为一特例。而且,明间补间铺作在泥道慢栱以上的正心枋上又施散斗。实际上扩大了铺作的横向范围.所以,直观上看,铺作分布比较均匀。详见《营造法式大木作制度小议》,《科技史文集》第11期.
⑨ 梁思成《<营造法式>注释》卷上,中国建筑工业出版社1983年.
⑩ 祁英涛《晋祠圣母殿研究》,《文物季刊》1992年第1期.
④ 《重修汾东王庙记》。
⑤ 雍正《太原县志》载,“景祐四年十二月甲申地震,死一千八百九十人.”“建中靖国元年十二月辛亥地震,弥旬不止,坏城壁屋宇,人畜多死。”
⑥ 雍正《太原县志》:“嘉靖元年八月二十三日地屡震至次年正月乃止。”“嘉靖三十六年,二月初七日酉时地震.”
⑧ 过去曾有学者认为圣母殿铺作分布远近不匀。这一结论,实由计算疏忽所致。即把明次间相邻铺作中到中的递减差由实际的45厘米错计为95厘米.以我们测量的结果,圣母殿相邻铺作中到中的递减差分别为47、 16和31厘米,铺作分布明间以外在法式“每补间铺作一朵不得过一尺”的范围内.至于明次间铺作中到中递减差为47厘米,是因为明间用一朵补间铺作之故,与法式规定“当心间需用补间铺作两朵”不符,为一特例。而且,明间补间铺作在泥道慢栱以上的正心枋上又施散斗。实际上扩大了铺作的横向范围.所以,直观上看,铺作分布比较均匀。详见《营造法式大木作制度小议》,《科技史文集》第11期.
⑨ 梁思成《<营造法式>注释》卷上,中国建筑工业出版社1983年.
⑩ 祁英涛《晋祠圣母殿研究》,《文物季刊》1992年第1期.
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