中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定
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摘要
利用大陆科学钻探取得的岩芯岩性、构造编录和波速、中子密度测井资料,可以比较准确地标定大陆科学钻探主孔两侧三维地震发现的反射体.二维地震剖面上的反射体可能与二维测线方向有关,三维地震提供了与方向无关的反射体信号,为结晶岩区地壳反射波的标定提供了更加准确可信的基础数据.只有在建立准确的波速模型、由测井资料合成的地震道与三维地震剖面之间达到完美拟合之后,反射体标定才有意义.地震剖面、测井和岩芯资料的柱状对比图由于未考虑非线性时深转换和钻孔的弯曲,只能供初步分析用;反射体的详细标定还要考虑到时深转换的非线性及钻孔的弯曲,逐一制作标定分解图.引起结晶岩中反射体的机制是多方面的,文中逐一分析了过主孔的10个主要地震反射体的特点及成因,总结了结晶岩地区反射体分为三大类:(Ⅰ)与韧性剪切作用有关的反射体;(Ⅱ)与侵入岩或正变质岩岩体有关的反射体;(Ⅲ)与围岩岩性构造不均匀性有关的反射体.
Three-dimensional seismic survey has been carried out for the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling(CCSD) project,showing that many reflectors occurr in the upper crust beneath the drilling area.Calibration of the reflectors by using cores and well-logging data can significantly enhance reliability of their interpretation.As 2-D seismic reflectors might be related to direction of the 2-D lines,3-D surveys present reflectors unrelated to the line direction,therefore provide more reliable reflectors for the calibration.Only after obtaining a correct velocity model that gives perfect fit between the 3-D seismic profile and the synthetic seismic trace derived from well-logging data,the calibration of reflectors can become meaningful.Simple comparison of the core log,well-logging curves and reflection sections is not enough for the calibration,because non-linear time-depth conversion and deviation of the well are not considered in the procedure.The calibration should proceed from one reflector to another considering both the non-linear time-depth conversion and deviation of the well.The calibration at the CCSD site via the main hole finds many causes that can generate reflectors in the crystallized crust.They include mainly three types as follows:(a) ductile-shearing-origin reflectors;(b) intrusion-or-metamorphic-lens origin;and(c) origins related to inhomogeneity of country rocks,such as gneisses.
Three-dimensional seismic survey has been carried out for the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling(CCSD) project,showing that many reflectors occurr in the upper crust beneath the drilling area.Calibration of the reflectors by using cores and well-logging data can significantly enhance reliability of their interpretation.As 2-D seismic reflectors might be related to direction of the 2-D lines,3-D surveys present reflectors unrelated to the line direction,therefore provide more reliable reflectors for the calibration.Only after obtaining a correct velocity model that gives perfect fit between the 3-D seismic profile and the synthetic seismic trace derived from well-logging data,the calibration of reflectors can become meaningful.Simple comparison of the core log,well-logging curves and reflection sections is not enough for the calibration,because non-linear time-depth conversion and deviation of the well are not considered in the procedure.The calibration should proceed from one reflector to another considering both the non-linear time-depth conversion and deviation of the well.The calibration at the CCSD site via the main hole finds many causes that can generate reflectors in the crystallized crust.They include mainly three types as follows:(a) ductile-shearing-origin reflectors;(b) intrusion-or-metamorphic-lens origin;and(c) origins related to inhomogeneity of country rocks,such as gneisses.
引文
[1]杨文采,程振炎,张春贺.中国科学钻探选址地球物理调查与大别-苏鲁岩石圈.地球学报,2003,24(5):391~404Yang W C,Cheng Z Y,Zhang C H.Geophysical investigation forsite_selection of Chinese continental scientific drilling and Dabie_Sululithosphere.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2003,24(5):391~404
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[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Interpretation of 3Dseismic reflection data in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingsite.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in theDabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.IslandArc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst W G.Seeing a mountain in a grain ofgarnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst W G,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy_driven,rapidexhumation of ultrahigh_pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National Academy of Sciences,1997,94:9532~9537
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[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200米构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of 0-1200m in the main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingand its preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang W C,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysicalinvestigations from Tancheng to Lianshui,east_central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I)-深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang W C,Cheng Z Y,Chen G J,et al.Geophysical investigationsof northern Sulu UHPM belt(I):Deep seismic reflection.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):16~27
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)-非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(4):508~519Yang W C,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations ofnorthern Sulu UHPM belt(Ⅱ):Non_seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide_frequency teleseis and itsapplication to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinica(inChinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPM rocksfrom the Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for theseismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou X G,et al.Deformation features of gneiss andUHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismicvelocity anisotroph:Evidences from core samples at depth of 680-1200m of CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang W C.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPMTerrane in East_Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1-2):86~95
[16]Yang W C.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang W C.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra_high_pressuremetamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang W C.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possible evidenceof lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学,2004,34(4):307~319Yang W C,Yang W Y,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabricsof Sulu ultrahigh_pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China,200548(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang W C,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmaticunderplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,张春贺,黄秋平等.线形区域的主辅线反射地震调查方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1325~1335Yang W C,Zhang C H,Huang Q P,et al.Additional_observationseismic reflection method for investigation of linear areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1325~1335
[22]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model for theChinese continental scientific drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[23]杨文采,刘光林,杨锴等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang W C,Liu G L,Yang K,et al.All_laid_out three_dimensionalseismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
[2]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370~384Yang W C,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismic reflectorsinferred from observations at the Chinese continental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):386~392
[3]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区三维地震资料的初步解释.岩石学报,2004,20(1):127~138Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Interpretation of 3Dseismic reflection data in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingsite.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):127~138
[4]Cong B,Wang Q,Zhai M,et al.UHP metamorphic rocks in theDabie-Sulu region,China:their formation and exhumation.IslandArc,1994,3:135~150
[5]Liou J G,Maruyama S,Ernst W G.Seeing a mountain in a grain ofgarnet.Science,1997,27(4):48~49
[6]Ernst W G,Maruyama S,Wallis S.Buoyancy_driven,rapidexhumation of ultrahigh_pressure metamorphosed continental crust.Proc.National Academy of Sciences,1997,94:9532~9537
[7]Hacker B R,Sharp T,Zhang R Y,et al.Determining the origin ofultra_high pressure lherzolites.Science,1997,278(10):702~704
[8]许志琴,张泽民,刘福来等.中国大陆科学钻探主孔1200米构造柱及变形构造初步解析.岩石学报,2004,20(1):53~72Xu Z Q,Zhang Z M,Liu F L,et al.The structure profile of 0-1200m in the main borehole,Chinese Continental Scientific Drillingand its preliminary deformation analysis.Acta Petrologica Sinica(inChinese),2004,20(1):53~72
[9]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206~217Yang W C,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et al.Long profile of geophysicalinvestigations from Tancheng to Lianshui,east_central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(2):206~217
[10]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I)-深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):16~27Yang W C,Cheng Z Y,Chen G J,et al.Geophysical investigationsof northern Sulu UHPM belt(I):Deep seismic reflection.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):16~27
[11]杨文采,方慧,程振炎等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(Ⅱ)-非地震方法.地球物理学报,1999,42(4):508~519Yang W C,Fang H,Cheng Z Y,et al.Geophysical investigations ofnorthern Sulu UHPM belt(Ⅱ):Non_seismic methods.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):508~519
[12]姜枚,王有学,宿和平.宽频地震方法技术在地震探测工作中的应用.地质学报,2003,22(7):536~539Jiang M,Wang Y X,Su H P.Wide_frequency teleseis and itsapplication to seismic exploration.Acta Geologica Sinica(inChinese),2003,22(7):536~539
[13]Kern H,Jin Z,Gao S,et al.Physical properties of UHPM rocksfrom the Sulu terrain,eastern central China:implications for theseismic structure at Donghai(CCSD)drilling site.Tectonophysics,2002,354:315~330
[14]陈意,金振民,欧新功等.韧性剪切带中片麻岩和超高压榴辉岩变形特征及其与地震波速各向异性的关系.岩石学报,2004,20(1):97~108Chen Y,Jin Z M,Ou X G,et al.Deformation features of gneiss andUHP eclogite from ductile shear zone and its relation with seismicvelocity anisotroph:Evidences from core samples at depth of 680-1200m of CCSD.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):97~108
[15]Yang W C.Crustal structure and development of Dabie UHPMTerrane in East_Central China.Continental Dynamics,1998,3(1-2):86~95
[16]Yang W C.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20~24
[17]Yang W C.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra_high_pressuremetamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277~288
[18]Yang W C.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possible evidenceof lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219~230
[19]杨文采,杨午阳,金振民等.苏鲁超高压变质带岩石圈地震组构.中国科学,2004,34(4):307~319Yang W C,Yang W Y,Jin Z M,et al.Lithospheric seismic fabricsof Sulu ultrahigh_pressure metamorphic belt.Science in China,200548(5):585~600
[20]杨文采,汪集.苏鲁地区地壳岩浆底侵的地球物理判识.地质学报,2002,76(2):173~179Yang W C,Wang J Y.Geophysical evidences for crustal magmaticunderplating in Sulu area.Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,76(2):173~179
[21]杨文采,张春贺,黄秋平等.线形区域的主辅线反射地震调查方法.地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1325~1335Yang W C,Zhang C H,Huang Q P,et al.Additional_observationseismic reflection method for investigation of linear areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(6):1325~1335
[22]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477~489Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model for theChinese continental scientific drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(2):477~489
[23]杨文采,刘光林,杨锴等.中国大陆科学钻探孔区全观式三维地震采集.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):735~744Yang W C,Liu G L,Yang K,et al.All_laid_out three_dimensionalseismic survey at the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):735~744
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