5·12汶川地震绵阳市区房屋震害统计与分析
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摘要
历次大地震的经验总结是推动建筑抗震技术发展的重要途径。通过绵阳市区房屋在汶川大地震后的震害应急评估和调查,对市区各类房屋结构的震害进行了统计,总结分析各类房屋的震害特征和经验教训。得到一些启示和建议:绵阳市区按现行抗震规范设计的房屋基本经受住了地震考验;不同的结构体系表现出的抗震性能差别较大;老旧房屋始终是抗震薄弱环节,应有选择地进行抗震鉴定加固,开展砖混结构墙体抗震防裂措施研究,采取措施有效减轻框架结构中填充墙等非结构构件的震害,开展楼梯抗震设计计算与构造措施的研究。
Summarizing building damage in all previous large earthquakes is an important approach to promote the development of structural seismic design.We conducted a statistical analysis of the earthquake damage to various buildings in Mianyang city,Sichuan province,P.R.China.This analysis was based on the emergency assessment and investigation of building damage in Mianyang city caused by the large earthquake that occurred on May 12,2008 in Wenchuan.We also summarize the damage characteristics of different buildings and the lessons learned.We present the following findings and suggestions for structural seismic design:(1)Buildings in Mianyang designed according to current seismic code withstood the rare earthquake.(2)Different structural systems have obviously varied seismic behaviors.(3)Old buildings always have been the weak links in earthquakes,and should be evaluated and strengthened selectively after an earthquake.(4)Studies of anti-cracking measures for masonry walls should be conducted.(5)Effective measures should be taken to reduce earthquake damage to non-structural components,for example,infill walls in frames.(6)Seismic design methods and construction measures for stairs should be studied.
Summarizing building damage in all previous large earthquakes is an important approach to promote the development of structural seismic design.We conducted a statistical analysis of the earthquake damage to various buildings in Mianyang city,Sichuan province,P.R.China.This analysis was based on the emergency assessment and investigation of building damage in Mianyang city caused by the large earthquake that occurred on May 12,2008 in Wenchuan.We also summarize the damage characteristics of different buildings and the lessons learned.We present the following findings and suggestions for structural seismic design:(1)Buildings in Mianyang designed according to current seismic code withstood the rare earthquake.(2)Different structural systems have obviously varied seismic behaviors.(3)Old buildings always have been the weak links in earthquakes,and should be evaluated and strengthened selectively after an earthquake.(4)Studies of anti-cracking measures for masonry walls should be conducted.(5)Effective measures should be taken to reduce earthquake damage to non-structural components,for example,infill walls in frames.(6)Seismic design methods and construction measures for stairs should be studied.
引文
[1]高孟潭,许力生,郭文生,等.2003年8月16日内蒙古Ms5.9地震震害分布特征及其成因分析[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):205-212.GAO Meng-tan,XU Li-sheng,GUO Wen-sheng,et al.Spatial damage distribution of August 16,2003,InnerMongolia,China,MS=5.9 earthquake and analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(2):205-212.
[2]施伟华,周光全,赵永庆,等.2003年大姚6.2级地震房屋震害特征及分析[J].地震研究,2004,27(4):374-378.SHI Wei-hua,ZHOU Guang-quan,ZHAO Yong-qing,etal.Characteristics and analysis of earthquake disasters forbuildings to the Dayao MS6.2 earthquake in 2003[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2004,27(4):374-378.
[3]李裕澈,秋教,石川有三.1975年海城7.3级地震在朝鲜半岛的震害及对日本九州地区的影响[J].地震学报,2007,29(2):214-221.LI Yu-che,CHU KYO-SUNG,ISHIKAWA YUZO.Damage of 1975 HaiCheng M7.3 earthquake in theKorean Peninsula and its effect on Kyushu,Japan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(2):214-221.
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[7]蔡之瑞,孙柏涛.唐山地震震害与重建唐山[J].世界地震工程,1996(4):48-50.CAI Zhi-rui,SUN Bai-tao.Tangshan earthquake damagesand reconstruction of Tangshan city[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,1996(4):48-50.
[8]高孟潭,许力生,郭文生,等.2003年8月16日内蒙古MS5.9地震震害分布特征及其成因分析[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):205-212.GAO Meng-tan,XU Li-sheng,GUO Wen-sheng,et al.Spatial damage distribution of August 16,2003,InnerMongolia,China,Ms=5.9 earthquake and analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(2):205-212.
[9]APOSTOLAKIS GEORGIOS,QU BING,ECEMIS,etal.NurhanField reconnaissance of the 2007 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2007,6(4):317-330.
[10]IRTERN ERDAL,TURKER KAAN,HASGULUMUT.Causes of collapse and damage to low-rise RCbuildings in recent Turkish earthquakes[J].Journal ofPerformance of Constructed Facilities,2007,21(5):351-360.
[11]JAIN A,SIMSIR C C,DUMORTIER A P,et al.Investigation of damage to a masonry condominiumbuilding from the 1994 Northridge Earthquake[J].Proceedings of the Fourth Forensic EngineeringCongress,2007:183-194.
[12]YASHIRO KAZUHIDE,KOJIMA YOSHIYUKI,SHIMIZU MITSURU.Historical earthquake damage totunnels in Japan and case studies of railway tunnels inthe 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu earthquake[R].QuarterlyReport of RTRI(Railway Technical Research Institute)(Japan),2007,48(3):136-141.
[13]INEL MEHMET,OZMEN HAYRI BAYTAN,BILGIN HUSEYIN.Re-evaluation of building damageduring recent earthquakes in Turkey[J].EngineeringStructures,2008,30(2):412-427.
[14]中华人民共和国建设部.建设部建筑地震破坏等级划分标准[S].1990建抗字第377号.
[15]钱培凤.对日本神户地震震害严重原因之分析[J].建筑结构,1996,10(10):44-46.QIAN Pei-feng.Cause analysis of heavy earthquakedisaster in kobe earthquake,Japan[J].BuildingStructure,1996,10(10):44-46.
[2]施伟华,周光全,赵永庆,等.2003年大姚6.2级地震房屋震害特征及分析[J].地震研究,2004,27(4):374-378.SHI Wei-hua,ZHOU Guang-quan,ZHAO Yong-qing,etal.Characteristics and analysis of earthquake disasters forbuildings to the Dayao MS6.2 earthquake in 2003[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2004,27(4):374-378.
[3]李裕澈,秋教,石川有三.1975年海城7.3级地震在朝鲜半岛的震害及对日本九州地区的影响[J].地震学报,2007,29(2):214-221.LI Yu-che,CHU KYO-SUNG,ISHIKAWA YUZO.Damage of 1975 HaiCheng M7.3 earthquake in theKorean Peninsula and its effect on Kyushu,Japan[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(2):214-221.
[4]王可,黄志广.2005年江西九江地震建筑震害与分析[J].建筑结构,2006,36(6):21-24.WANG Ke,HUANG Zhi-guang.Analysis of buildingWreckage caused by 2005 earthquake in Jiujiang[J].Building Structure,2006,36(6):21-24.
[5]非明伦,周光全,卢永坤,等.2007年宁洱6.4级地震宁洱县城现代建筑典型震害分析[J].地震研究,2007,30(4):359-363.FEI Ming-lun,ZHOU Guang-quan,LU Yong-kun,et al.Typical disasters of recent buildings in Ning’er countytown caused by the 2007 Ning’er,Yunnan,MS6.4earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2007,30(4):359-363.
[6]李宏男,赵衍刚.日本新泻县中越大地震震害调查及分析[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14[1]:165-174.LI Hong-nan,ZHAO Yan-gang.Investigation and analysisof Chuetsu earthquake damages[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2005,14(1):165-174.
[7]蔡之瑞,孙柏涛.唐山地震震害与重建唐山[J].世界地震工程,1996(4):48-50.CAI Zhi-rui,SUN Bai-tao.Tangshan earthquake damagesand reconstruction of Tangshan city[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,1996(4):48-50.
[8]高孟潭,许力生,郭文生,等.2003年8月16日内蒙古MS5.9地震震害分布特征及其成因分析[J].地震学报,2005,27(2):205-212.GAO Meng-tan,XU Li-sheng,GUO Wen-sheng,et al.Spatial damage distribution of August 16,2003,InnerMongolia,China,Ms=5.9 earthquake and analysis[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(2):205-212.
[9]APOSTOLAKIS GEORGIOS,QU BING,ECEMIS,etal.NurhanField reconnaissance of the 2007 Niigata-Chuetsu Oki earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2007,6(4):317-330.
[10]IRTERN ERDAL,TURKER KAAN,HASGULUMUT.Causes of collapse and damage to low-rise RCbuildings in recent Turkish earthquakes[J].Journal ofPerformance of Constructed Facilities,2007,21(5):351-360.
[11]JAIN A,SIMSIR C C,DUMORTIER A P,et al.Investigation of damage to a masonry condominiumbuilding from the 1994 Northridge Earthquake[J].Proceedings of the Fourth Forensic EngineeringCongress,2007:183-194.
[12]YASHIRO KAZUHIDE,KOJIMA YOSHIYUKI,SHIMIZU MITSURU.Historical earthquake damage totunnels in Japan and case studies of railway tunnels inthe 2004 Niigataken-Chuetsu earthquake[R].QuarterlyReport of RTRI(Railway Technical Research Institute)(Japan),2007,48(3):136-141.
[13]INEL MEHMET,OZMEN HAYRI BAYTAN,BILGIN HUSEYIN.Re-evaluation of building damageduring recent earthquakes in Turkey[J].EngineeringStructures,2008,30(2):412-427.
[14]中华人民共和国建设部.建设部建筑地震破坏等级划分标准[S].1990建抗字第377号.
[15]钱培凤.对日本神户地震震害严重原因之分析[J].建筑结构,1996,10(10):44-46.QIAN Pei-feng.Cause analysis of heavy earthquakedisaster in kobe earthquake,Japan[J].BuildingStructure,1996,10(10):44-46.
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