地下洞室群爆破地震波传播的现场试验研究
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摘要
溪洛渡水电站右岸平行开挖3条大断面近距离的导流洞,形成了多个工作面平行和交叉作业,致使爆破开挖干扰大,安全问题突出。通过对复杂地下导流洞群爆破振动现场试验,研究了导流洞群爆破地震波在开挖主洞和邻近导流洞的传播规律。研究结果显示,在爆破作业条件相同的情况下,在其中一条导流洞进行爆破开挖时,其洞内爆破质点振动速度传播规律与相邻导流洞的振动速度传播规律存在较大差别,相邻导流洞内的爆破质点振动速度传播具有放大效应,且随爆破开挖方式、临空面和周围夹制作用的不同,其衰减规律和放大效应也有差异。在相同条件下,临空面少、围岩夹制作用大的部位进行爆破在近区产生的质点振动速度比临空面多、夹制作用小的部位产生的质点振动速度大,衰减也较快。这为复杂地下洞室群爆破施工的围岩稳定性和施工、支护的设计和安全性提供指导。
During the construction of Xiluodu hydroelectric station,three parallel training tunnels with great height and span shape are excavated in the right bank and these tunnels are close to each other.It is inevitable for many works to be operated at the same time.Thus,safety problem will be caused by blasting interference and complicated constructing conditions.Based on maintaining stabilization of rock mass and reducing the cost of support,in-site experiments of blasting vibration are carried out in the groups of tunnels.According to test data,the rules of transmission of blasting vibration wave are studied in the main and adjacent tunnels.The results show that there is some difference in the rules of transmission of blasting vibration between main and adjacent tunnels,and the vibrating velocities of particles in the adjacent tunnel hold magnifying effects.Moreover,the velocity magnifying effects and attenuation rule vary due to different excavation fashion,facing space and confining effect.The vibrating velocities of particles is bigger and attenuates faster in few facing space and more confining effect than in more facing space and few confining effect.The studying results offer the guidance to the construction and design of complicated groups of tunnels and will be useful for the similar projects.
During the construction of Xiluodu hydroelectric station,three parallel training tunnels with great height and span shape are excavated in the right bank and these tunnels are close to each other.It is inevitable for many works to be operated at the same time.Thus,safety problem will be caused by blasting interference and complicated constructing conditions.Based on maintaining stabilization of rock mass and reducing the cost of support,in-site experiments of blasting vibration are carried out in the groups of tunnels.According to test data,the rules of transmission of blasting vibration wave are studied in the main and adjacent tunnels.The results show that there is some difference in the rules of transmission of blasting vibration between main and adjacent tunnels,and the vibrating velocities of particles in the adjacent tunnel hold magnifying effects.Moreover,the velocity magnifying effects and attenuation rule vary due to different excavation fashion,facing space and confining effect.The vibrating velocities of particles is bigger and attenuates faster in few facing space and more confining effect than in more facing space and few confining effect.The studying results offer the guidance to the construction and design of complicated groups of tunnels and will be useful for the similar projects.
引文
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[2]蔡福广.光面爆破新技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994.
[3]李彬峰.预裂爆破参数设计及其在边坡工程中的应用分析[J].有色金属:金属矿山部分,2003,55(2):25-27.
[4]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2000.
[5]庙延钢,张汉兴.预裂爆破的微观分析[J].爆破,1999,16(2):12-18.
[6]刘殿中.工程爆破实用手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999.
[7]张志毅,王中黔.交通土建工程爆破工程师手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722—86爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1986.
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[13]易长平,卢文波.开挖爆破对邻近隧道的震动影响研究[J].工程爆破,2004,21(3):1-5.
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