博物馆文物的防震保护研究(三)——陈列文物的地震安全性分析
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摘要
通过分析博物馆馆藏文物的悬吊、固定、浮放等基本放置形式,探讨了文物的陈列特征及其可能造成的震害因素。综合考察和分析研究了国内外浮放式物体及陈列文物的运动状态,指出陈列文物在地震发生时的主要危害性运动是滑移和倾覆。根据相关浮放物在地震作用下的计算方法、上海博物馆文物的陈列特征及防震设计参数,提出简便实用的浮放式陈列文物稳定性计算模型,编制了适合上海博物馆文物安全性分析的计算程序。并以上海博物馆文物陈列的3类接触材料、4楼中国古代玉器馆的典型陈列文物为试点,计算了陈列文物在地震中遭受破坏的临界值。表明在设防水准的大震和中震情况下,目前陈列现状的绝大多数文物均存在倾覆和滑移安全隐患,但当文物所受到的地震动减小到110gal时可满足陈列安全。
By analyzing the basic setting form of the exhibiting relics' suspension, fixing, setting on the surface and so on, the exhibiting characteristics of the cultural relics and its shock harm factor have been discussed . Synthetically inspecting, analyzing and researching the movement condition about the objects setting on the surface and the exhibiting cultural relics in or out of our country, point out that for the exhibit- ing cultural relics, the main harmful movements are: slippage, shaking to capsizing when earthquake occurs . According to the relative computational methods for the objects setting on the surface under the earthquake s acting, the exhibiting characteristics of the cultural relics in the Shanghai museum and its resistance designing parameters, guide and submit a simple, practical and much more for safety computational model. The model is of a certain currency, that can be used to compute the critical value of the movement about the slippage and displacement, capsizing destroy when meeting the quake for the exhibiting cultural relics setting on the surface, including the shape size, the center of gravity, bearing surface frictional coefficients and the horizontal motion value for the exhibiting cultural relics. According to the motion response parameters at the every floor to the museum building under the resistance quake protection level s motion for the museum cultural relics, cultural relics exhibiting characteristics and so on, design a special computing program. It can be used to analyze and judge the quake safety for the cultural relics simply and quickly according to the cultural relics' characteristic and exhibiting way parameters. As a sample adopting,3 types touching materials used in Shanghai museum exhibiting cultural relics, the typical exhibiting cultural relics in the Ancient Chinese jade gallery at the fourth floor,sort,by computing and judging the cultural relics stability under 3 types of site motions, gain the critical values for the exhibiting cultural relics when meet the quake. The results show that under the large and middle quake on the fortify level, there exist capsizing and slippage safety hidden troubles for the 'almost all exhibiting cultural relics at current condition. The results also show that when the motion value at the floor from 566 gal decrease to 110 gal the overwhelming majority cultural relics are satisfied stable condition. That told us, by adopting a suitable motion isolating or reducing methods to decrease the motion value to 110 gal for exhibiting cultural relics,the exhibiting cultural relics can't be destroyed in the quake,achieve the purpose of the resistance protection. It should be point out that the results got here are achieved by some assumption conditions,for example,no consideration to the natural period, amplifying effect of the exhibiting cabinet and so on. It should be considered to pay attention to these assumption condition when design or select a suitable motion reducing or isolating method.
By analyzing the basic setting form of the exhibiting relics' suspension, fixing, setting on the surface and so on, the exhibiting characteristics of the cultural relics and its shock harm factor have been discussed . Synthetically inspecting, analyzing and researching the movement condition about the objects setting on the surface and the exhibiting cultural relics in or out of our country, point out that for the exhibit- ing cultural relics, the main harmful movements are: slippage, shaking to capsizing when earthquake occurs . According to the relative computational methods for the objects setting on the surface under the earthquake s acting, the exhibiting characteristics of the cultural relics in the Shanghai museum and its resistance designing parameters, guide and submit a simple, practical and much more for safety computational model. The model is of a certain currency, that can be used to compute the critical value of the movement about the slippage and displacement, capsizing destroy when meeting the quake for the exhibiting cultural relics setting on the surface, including the shape size, the center of gravity, bearing surface frictional coefficients and the horizontal motion value for the exhibiting cultural relics. According to the motion response parameters at the every floor to the museum building under the resistance quake protection level s motion for the museum cultural relics, cultural relics exhibiting characteristics and so on, design a special computing program. It can be used to analyze and judge the quake safety for the cultural relics simply and quickly according to the cultural relics' characteristic and exhibiting way parameters. As a sample adopting,3 types touching materials used in Shanghai museum exhibiting cultural relics, the typical exhibiting cultural relics in the Ancient Chinese jade gallery at the fourth floor,sort,by computing and judging the cultural relics stability under 3 types of site motions, gain the critical values for the exhibiting cultural relics when meet the quake. The results show that under the large and middle quake on the fortify level, there exist capsizing and slippage safety hidden troubles for the 'almost all exhibiting cultural relics at current condition. The results also show that when the motion value at the floor from 566 gal decrease to 110 gal the overwhelming majority cultural relics are satisfied stable condition. That told us, by adopting a suitable motion isolating or reducing methods to decrease the motion value to 110 gal for exhibiting cultural relics,the exhibiting cultural relics can't be destroyed in the quake,achieve the purpose of the resistance protection. It should be point out that the results got here are achieved by some assumption conditions,for example,no consideration to the natural period, amplifying effect of the exhibiting cabinet and so on. It should be considered to pay attention to these assumption condition when design or select a suitable motion reducing or isolating method.
引文
1 吴来明,王忠良,高华平等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(二)--设防地震动输入及结构地震动反应.文物保护与考古科学,2002,14(增刊):119
2 吴来明,王忠良,高华平等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(一)--传统抗震措施与现代隔震技术.文物保护与考古科学,2001,13(2) :46-53
3 刘生培等.秦涌抗震研究报告(资料).西安:西北工业大学,1991
4 李丽芳.台湾博物馆文物防震防灾工作的省思.博物馆学季刊,2000,14(4) :89-104
5 奥村末仪.奈良国立博物馆、东新馆耐震免震对策.博物馆研究,1998,33(8) :8-13
6 中国石油天然气集团抗震办公室,江苏省地震局主编,中国石油天然气集团公司批准.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准--浮放设备隔震技术标准.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
7 王云剑.浮放物地震反应分析.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:726-731
8 陆钦年,熊立红.浮放设备的抗震设计.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:745-751
9 黄永林.地震作用下浮放设备的滑动.地震学刊.1994,(3) :1-4
10 [日本」读卖新闻,1995-8-25． 转引自:国际地震动态,1996,(4) :40
11 高木博彦.博物馆展示地震对策.博物馆研究,1989,33(6) :24-29
12 Jerry Podany.博物馆典藏文化遗产对地震灾害之防护.见:陈国宁主编.文物保存维护研讨会专辑(1995) .台湾:行政院文化建设委员会印行,1996:68-109,图10
13 三浦定俊.收纳展示机器地震对策.文化财保存修复会志,2001,45:128-140,图2
14 钮泽蓁.陈列文物抗震措施实验研究.工程抗震,1992,(2) :27-31
15 刘生培,高建民.关于秦俑抗震.考古与文物,1995,(6) :20-21
16 徐忠根,吴来明,王忠良等.上海博物馆文物减震台减震性能试验报告.广州大学工程抗震研究中心,2001年1月
17 上海材料研究所测试中心.上海博物馆陈列用材料静摩擦系数测试报告.上海:上海材料研究所,2002
2 吴来明,王忠良,高华平等.博物馆文物的防震保护研究(一)--传统抗震措施与现代隔震技术.文物保护与考古科学,2001,13(2) :46-53
3 刘生培等.秦涌抗震研究报告(资料).西安:西北工业大学,1991
4 李丽芳.台湾博物馆文物防震防灾工作的省思.博物馆学季刊,2000,14(4) :89-104
5 奥村末仪.奈良国立博物馆、东新馆耐震免震对策.博物馆研究,1998,33(8) :8-13
6 中国石油天然气集团抗震办公室,江苏省地震局主编,中国石油天然气集团公司批准.中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准--浮放设备隔震技术标准.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
7 王云剑.浮放物地震反应分析.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:726-731
8 陆钦年,熊立红.浮放设备的抗震设计.见:中国建筑协会抗震防灾研究会.第五届全国地震工程会议论文集(2) .北京,1998:745-751
9 黄永林.地震作用下浮放设备的滑动.地震学刊.1994,(3) :1-4
10 [日本」读卖新闻,1995-8-25． 转引自:国际地震动态,1996,(4) :40
11 高木博彦.博物馆展示地震对策.博物馆研究,1989,33(6) :24-29
12 Jerry Podany.博物馆典藏文化遗产对地震灾害之防护.见:陈国宁主编.文物保存维护研讨会专辑(1995) .台湾:行政院文化建设委员会印行,1996:68-109,图10
13 三浦定俊.收纳展示机器地震对策.文化财保存修复会志,2001,45:128-140,图2
14 钮泽蓁.陈列文物抗震措施实验研究.工程抗震,1992,(2) :27-31
15 刘生培,高建民.关于秦俑抗震.考古与文物,1995,(6) :20-21
16 徐忠根,吴来明,王忠良等.上海博物馆文物减震台减震性能试验报告.广州大学工程抗震研究中心,2001年1月
17 上海材料研究所测试中心.上海博物馆陈列用材料静摩擦系数测试报告.上海:上海材料研究所,2002
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