塔里木盆地东北缘盖层不整合序列及其构造演化
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摘要
塔里木盆地东北缘新元古界-新生界中分布多期不整合界面。它们是不同地球动力学背景的产物,也是研究塔里木盆地东北缘乃至整个盆地构造演化的重要依据。通过野外地质调查和盆地内地震资料的综合研究,进一步阐述Nh2/Nh1、∈/Z、O3/O2、S/O3、C/AnC、T/AnT、J/AnJ、E/AnE和N2/N1重要的不整合面特征及其形成的地球动力学背景,建立了研究区完整的盖层不整合演化序列。根据不整合面特征,结合地层、沉积和构造特征将塔里木盆地东北缘盖层构造演化划分为3个旋回、6个阶段:(1)南华纪泥盆纪克拉通内裂解和闭合旋回,(2)石炭纪三叠纪克拉通边缘裂解-闭合旋回,(3)侏罗纪第四纪拉张-挤压旋回;①南华纪奥陶纪克拉通内坳拉槽阶段,②志留纪泥盆纪挤压隆升阶段,③石炭纪早二叠世克拉通内坳陷盆地阶段,④早二叠世末期冲断走滑三叠纪前陆盆地阶段,⑤侏罗纪古近纪断陷-坳陷盆地阶段,⑥新近纪第四纪再生前陆盆地阶段。
Numerous unconformities occur in the Neoproterozoic-Cenozoic cover sequence at the northeast margin of the Tarim Basin.They are the products formed under different geodynamic settings and provide important clues to the study on the tectonic evolution both at the northeast margin of and of the whole Tarim basin as well.Based on field geological survey and comprehensive study of the seismic materials of the basin,the authors further elaborate the features of the important unconformity interfaces of Nh2/Nh1,∈/Z,O3/O2,S/O3,C/AnC,T/AnT,J/AnJ,E/AnE,N2/N1 and their geodynamic background and try to set up a complete evolution sequence of unconformities in the area.According to the features of the unconformities,strata,deposit and structure,the tectonic evolution of the covers at the northeast margin of Tarim basin can be divided into three cycles and six stages.The three circles are: the Nahuaian-Devonian intra-craton disintegration and closure,the Carboniferous-Triassic circum-craton disintegration and closure and the Jurassic-Quaternary pull-apart and compression.The six stages are: Nahuaian-Ordovician intra-craton aulacogen,Silurian-Devonian compression and uplifting,Carboniferous-Permian intra-craton subsidence basin,thrust-strike-slip of the last stage of Lower Permian-Triassic foreland basin,Jurassic-Paleogene fault depression and down-warped basin and Neogene-Quaternary regenerated foreland basin stages.
Numerous unconformities occur in the Neoproterozoic-Cenozoic cover sequence at the northeast margin of the Tarim Basin.They are the products formed under different geodynamic settings and provide important clues to the study on the tectonic evolution both at the northeast margin of and of the whole Tarim basin as well.Based on field geological survey and comprehensive study of the seismic materials of the basin,the authors further elaborate the features of the important unconformity interfaces of Nh2/Nh1,∈/Z,O3/O2,S/O3,C/AnC,T/AnT,J/AnJ,E/AnE,N2/N1 and their geodynamic background and try to set up a complete evolution sequence of unconformities in the area.According to the features of the unconformities,strata,deposit and structure,the tectonic evolution of the covers at the northeast margin of Tarim basin can be divided into three cycles and six stages.The three circles are: the Nahuaian-Devonian intra-craton disintegration and closure,the Carboniferous-Triassic circum-craton disintegration and closure and the Jurassic-Quaternary pull-apart and compression.The six stages are: Nahuaian-Ordovician intra-craton aulacogen,Silurian-Devonian compression and uplifting,Carboniferous-Permian intra-craton subsidence basin,thrust-strike-slip of the last stage of Lower Permian-Triassic foreland basin,Jurassic-Paleogene fault depression and down-warped basin and Neogene-Quaternary regenerated foreland basin stages.
引文
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[3]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:183-261.JIA Cheng-zao.Structural characteristics and oil/gasin Tarim Basin of China[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,1997:183-261.
[4]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.HE Deng-fa,JIA Cheng-zao,LI De-sheng,et al.For-mation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed TarimBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[5]贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚积规律[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177-183.JIA Cheng-zao.Structural characteristics and oil/gasaccumulative regularity in Tarim Basin[J].XinjiangPetroleum Geology,1999,20(3):177-183.
[6]张光亚.塔里木古生代克拉通盆地形成演化与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:22-41.ZHANG Guang-ya.Formation and evolution and oil/gas in Tarim Basin of Paleozioic craton[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2000:22-41.
[7]葛肖虹,刘俊来.被肢解的“西域克拉通”[J].岩石学报,2000,16(1):59-66.GE Xiao-hong,LIU Jun-lai.Broken“Western ChinaCraton”[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2000,16(1):59-66.
[8]康玉柱,康志宏.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气[J].地球学报,1994,15(3/4):180-191.KANG Yu-zhu,KANG Zhi-hong.Tectonic evolutionand oil and gas of Tarim Basin[J].Acta GeoscientiaSinica,1994,15(3/4):180-191.
[9]段吉业,夏德馨,安素兰.新疆库鲁克塔格新元古代早古生代裂陷槽深水沉积与沉积-构造古地理[J].地质学报,2005,79(1):7-14.DUAN Ji-ye,XIA De-xin,AN Su-lan.Deep-watersedimentation and sedimento-tectonopaleogeography ofthe Neoproterozoic-Early Palaezoic aulacogen in Ku-ruktag,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2005,79(1):7-14.
[10]边千滔,赵大升,叶正仁,等.初论昆祁秦缝合系[J].地球学报,2002,23(6):501-508.BIAN Qian-tao,ZHAO Da-sheng,YE Zheng-ren,etal.A preliminary study of the Kunlun-Qilian-Qin-ling suture system[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(6):501-508.
[11]姜春发,施希德,胡金庆.昆仑开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:10-76.JIANG Chun-fa,SHI Xi-de,HU Jin-qing.Openingand closing structure of Kunlun Mountain[M].Bei-jing:Geological Publishing House,1992:10-76.
[12]汤耀庆,高俊,赵民,等.西南天山蛇绿岩和蓝片岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:1-96.TANG Yao-qing,GAO Jun,ZHAO Min,et al.Ophiolite and blueschist in southwest of Tianshan[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1995:1-96.
[13]高俊,何国琦,李茂松.西天山造山带的古生代造山过程[J].地球科学中国地质大学学报,1997,22(1):27-32.GAO Jun,HE Guo-qi,LI Mao-song.Paleozoicprocesses of western Tianshan orogen[J].Earth Sci-ence-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1997,22(1):27-32.
[14]潘裕生.西昆仑山构造特征与演化[J].地质科学,1990(3):225-231.PAN Yu-sheng.Tectonic feature and evolution ofwest Kunlun Mountains[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1990(3):225-231.
[15]肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民,等.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992:1-123.XIAO Xu-chang,TANG Yao-qing,FENG Yi-min,et al.Tectonics of northern Xinjiang and the adjacentregion[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992:1-123.
[16]葛肖虹,任收麦,刘永江,等.青藏高原末次快速隆升与“亚澳”陨击事件[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(1):67-73.GE Xiao-hong,REN Shou-mai,LIU Yong-jiang,etal.Last rapid uplift of Qinghai-Xizhang plateau andthe Australasian event of meteorites[J].QuaternarySciences,2004,24(1):67-73.
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