受盐层影响的前陆褶皱-冲断带构造特征——以库车秋立塔克构造带为例
摘要
褶皱-冲断带和盐相关构造均十分发育的秋立塔克地区构造极其复杂,该地区新生界内部存在两套起滑脱层作用的膏盐层。受滑脱层位置变化影响,垂向上和平面上的构造变形特征均具有很大差别。地震剖面识别出的构造样式主要有盐焊接、断层滑脱褶皱、断层传播褶皱、断层转折褶皱、三角带及其混生构造样式和基底卷入型断层相关褶皱等。秋立塔克地区盐相关构造形成的主要动力是挤压应力,其形成过程主要经历了楔状地层、滑脱背斜、滑脱断层和对冲断裂形成4个阶段。
Fold-thrust belts and salt-related structures are very prevalent in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt of Tarim Basin in Northwest China. The seismic data interpretation and field observation on the structural features of Qiulitake structural belt in the leading edge of Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt show that there are two layers of halite acting as detachment levels in the Cenozoic of this area. The structural features in perpendicular and horizontal domains are very different as the result of the variety of the halite-detachment levels. The interpretation of seismic profiles indicates that the structural styles mainly include salt welddings, fault-detachment folds, fault-propagation folds, fault-bend folds, triangle zones and their composites, as well as basement-involved fault-related folds. Influenced by the north-south compressive stress, the evolution of salt-related structures in Qiulitake region experienced four stages of wedged-bed formation, detachment fold, detachment fault and opposite-thrusting faults.
Fold-thrust belts and salt-related structures are very prevalent in the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt of Tarim Basin in Northwest China. The seismic data interpretation and field observation on the structural features of Qiulitake structural belt in the leading edge of Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt show that there are two layers of halite acting as detachment levels in the Cenozoic of this area. The structural features in perpendicular and horizontal domains are very different as the result of the variety of the halite-detachment levels. The interpretation of seismic profiles indicates that the structural styles mainly include salt welddings, fault-detachment folds, fault-propagation folds, fault-bend folds, triangle zones and their composites, as well as basement-involved fault-related folds. Influenced by the north-south compressive stress, the evolution of salt-related structures in Qiulitake region experienced four stages of wedged-bed formation, detachment fold, detachment fault and opposite-thrusting faults.
引文
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[17]管树巍,汪新,杨树峰,等.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):464-473.
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[23]卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,等.库车新生代构造性质与变形时间[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):215-221.
[24]Jackson M P A,Talbot C J.External shapes,strain rates and dynamicsof salt structures[J].GSA Bulletin,1986,97(3):305-323.
[2]贾承造,何登发,雷振宇,等.前陆冲断带油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:1-351.
[3]张朝军,田在艺.塔里木盆地库车坳陷第三系盐构造与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):6-10.
[4]卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):18-24.
[5]刘志宏,卢华复,李西建,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造演化[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):482-492.
[6]卢华复,贾承造,贾东,等.库车再生前陆盆地冲断构造楔特征[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(3):257-271.
[7]雷刚林.库车前陆逆冲带生长地层及其在油气勘探中的意义[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(2):107-110.
[8]汪新,贾承造,杨树锋.南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造几何学和运动学[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):372-384.
[9]邬光辉,刘玉魁,罗俊成,等.库车坳陷盐构造特征及其对油气成藏的作用[J].地球学报,2003,24(3):249-254.
[10]汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式[J].中国科学(D辑),2003,33(1):38-46.
[11]汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地库车前陆褶皱带中段盐相关构造特征与油气聚集[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):501-506.
[12]汤良杰,贾承造,金之钧,等.库车前陆褶皱带中段第三系盐枕构造[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):281-290.
[13]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造.前陆区盐层对盐上盐下层构造高点的控制及石油地质意义[J].地球科学,2003,28(3):297-300.
[14]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):17-25.
[15]陈书平,汤良杰,贾承造,等.库车坳陷西段盐构造及其与油气的关系[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):30-34.
[16]管树巍,陈宁华,徐峰,等.库车地区秋里塔格褶皱带几何学和运动学特征与油气圈闭[J].石油学报,2003,24(5):30-34.
[17]管树巍,汪新,杨树峰,等.南天山库车秋里塔格褶皱带三维构造分析[J].地质论评,2003,49(5):464-473.
[18]Jamison W R.Geometric analyses of fold development in over-thrust terranes[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1987,9(2):207-219.
[19]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault bend folding[J].American Journal of Science,1983,283(7):684-721.
[20]Mitra S.Fault propagation folds:geometry,kinematic evolutionand hydrocarbon traps[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(6):921-945.
[21]Mosar J,Suppe J.Role of shear in fault propagation folding[A].In:McClay K R.Thrust Tectonics[C].London:Chapman andHall,1992:123-132.
[22]Suppe J,Medwedeff D A.Geometry and kinematics of fault prop-agation folding[J].Ecologae Geol.Helv.,1990,83(3):409-454.
[23]卢华复,贾东,陈楚铭,等.库车新生代构造性质与变形时间[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):215-221.
[24]Jackson M P A,Talbot C J.External shapes,strain rates and dynamicsof salt structures[J].GSA Bulletin,1986,97(3):305-323.
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