岩石(体)声发射特征综述
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摘要
因模型试验和数值仿真对岩体的局限性,应用岩体声发射技术监测评价岩体工程的稳定性不可缺少,有时是唯一不可替代的技术之一。岩体监测预报,曾普遍应用0～1kHz的低频声发射仪,仅用事件和能率作为预报参数,加上复杂岩体的声发射特征还认识不清,且没有很好的噪音剔除方法,使得采集频带可能过宽,信号接收的敏感性可能偏低,预报判据有时很不充分,监测很容易受环境干扰。本文简要叙述了近年发现的岩石(体)声发射的一些特征,据此提出了岩体声发射技术研发的若干建议,包括仪器改进与完善,噪音剔除新方法研究和复杂岩体AE特性研究等。
Owing to the limitation of model simulation and numerical simulation for rock-mass,Acoustic Emission(AE)techniques play an important role in monitoring and evaluating rock-mass stability.0~1 kHz AE apparatus is generally adopted and only the AE event and AE energy are used in monitoring and forecasting.Without a clear understanding of the AE characteristics of rock-mass and without an efficient way to remove noise,too broad frequency band has to be adopted to collect AE signals,with low sensitivity of signal reception.Moreover,the prediction criterion is sometimes inadequate and monitoring is very susceptible to environmental interference.In this paper,some AE characteristics of rock /rock-mass discovered in recent years are reviewed.Based on that knowledge,some suggestions on studying and developing AE techniques for rock-mass are put forward,including development of equipment to improve noise removal and study on complex characteristics of rock-mass.
Owing to the limitation of model simulation and numerical simulation for rock-mass,Acoustic Emission(AE)techniques play an important role in monitoring and evaluating rock-mass stability.0~1 kHz AE apparatus is generally adopted and only the AE event and AE energy are used in monitoring and forecasting.Without a clear understanding of the AE characteristics of rock-mass and without an efficient way to remove noise,too broad frequency band has to be adopted to collect AE signals,with low sensitivity of signal reception.Moreover,the prediction criterion is sometimes inadequate and monitoring is very susceptible to environmental interference.In this paper,some AE characteristics of rock /rock-mass discovered in recent years are reviewed.Based on that knowledge,some suggestions on studying and developing AE techniques for rock-mass are put forward,including development of equipment to improve noise removal and study on complex characteristics of rock-mass.
引文
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[15]高智勇,龚健雅,秦前清,等.支持向量机在早期癌症检测中的应用[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2005,22(5):1045-1048.Gao Zhiyong,Gong Jianya,Qin Qianqing,et al.Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2005,22(5):1045-1048.
[16]余志雄,周创兵,李俊平,等.基于v-SVR算法的边坡稳定性预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2468-2475.Yu Zhixiong,Zhou Chuangbing,Li Junping,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2468-2475.
[17]余志雄,周创兵,陈益峰,等.基于ν-SVR和GA的初始地应力场位移反分析方法研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):151-156,162.Yu Zhixiong,Zhou Chuangbing,Chen Yifeng,et al.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):151-156,162.
[2]李俊平.声发射技术在岩土工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(4):371-376.Li Junping.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(4):371-376.
[3]腾山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用[M].冯夏庭,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1996.Tang Shan Kunihisa.Application of AE techniques[M].Feng Xiating,trans.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1996.
[4]李俊平,周创兵,冯长根.矿山岩石力学——缓倾斜采空区处理的理论与实践[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社,2005.Li Junping,Zhou Chuangbing,Feng Changgen.Mining rock mechanics:Theory and practice disposing gently inclined abandoned stope[M].Harbin:Heilongjiang Education Press,2005.
[5]李俊平,周创兵.岩体声发射特征实验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):374-378.Li Junping,Zhou Chuangbing.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):374-378.
[6]李俊平,余志雄,周创兵,等.水力耦合下岩石的声发射特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):492-498.Li Junping,Yu Zhixiong,Zhou Chuangbing,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):492-498.
[7]张晖辉,颜玉定,余怀忠,等.循环载荷下大试件岩石破坏声发射实验——岩石破坏前兆的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3621-3628.Zhang Huihui,Yan Yuding,Yu Huaizhong,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3621-3628.
[8]袁子清,唐礼忠,杨小聪.有岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征试验研究[J].金属矿山,2008(7):132-135.Yuan Ziqing,Tang Lizhong,Yang Xiaocong.Metal Mining,2008(7):132-135.
[9]熊庆国.声发射信号在岩体中传播的衰减[J].工业安全与防尘,1994,20(11):38-40.25.Xiong Qingguo.Metal Mining Industry Safety and Dust,1994,20(11):38-40,25.
[10]邹银辉,文光才,胡千庭,等.岩体声发射传播衰减理论分析与试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(6):663-667.Zou Yinhui,Wen Guangcai,Hu Qianting,et al.Coal Journal,2004,29(6):663-667.
[11]李俊平,汪晓霖,程慧高.声发射技术在武山铜矿的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(增刊):577-581.Li Junping,Wang Xiaolin,Cheng Huigao.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(Suppl):577-581.
[12]廖远时.用高压射流水开采花岗石矿山[J].石材,2003(12):10-13.Liao Yuanshi.Stone,2003(12):10-13.
[13]马孝春,张大伦.岩石切削中的声发射研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(1):77-83.Mao Xiaochun,Zhang Dalun.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(1):77-83.
[14]张大伦,李世忠.声发射技术在钻探工程中的应用[J].国外地质勘探技术,1992(1):1-12.Zhang Dalun,Li Shizhong.Geological Survey of Foreign Technology,1992(1):1-12.
[15]高智勇,龚健雅,秦前清,等.支持向量机在早期癌症检测中的应用[J].生物医学工程学杂志,2005,22(5):1045-1048.Gao Zhiyong,Gong Jianya,Qin Qianqing,et al.Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2005,22(5):1045-1048.
[16]余志雄,周创兵,李俊平,等.基于v-SVR算法的边坡稳定性预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2468-2475.Yu Zhixiong,Zhou Chuangbing,Li Junping,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2468-2475.
[17]余志雄,周创兵,陈益峰,等.基于ν-SVR和GA的初始地应力场位移反分析方法研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):151-156,162.Yu Zhixiong,Zhou Chuangbing,Chen Yifeng,et al.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):151-156,162.
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