胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究
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摘要
地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。
Significant progresses have been made in understanding the development of liquefaction of saturated sand under shear vibration loading.But few researchers paid attention to the sand liquefaction under vertical cyclic loading.Jiaoxin railway is a high seismic intensity area after the alignment DK39+000.From the alignment DK283+550 to the alignment DK283+770,there are seismic liquefaction sand layers.It is highly possible to induce sand liquefaction by the dynamic loading of moving trains.In order to study the subgrade settlement characteristics before and after the commencement of the railway,this paper examines the concepts of sand liquefaction and the criterion of liquefaction at first.The paper further analyzes in details the settlement features of the subgrades in the sand liquefaction area.The analyses include the vertical settlement behaviors of sand layers and lateral displacement behavior.Finally,based on the test results,a constitutive model for the behavior of the sand under the condition of cyclic loading is put forward.
Significant progresses have been made in understanding the development of liquefaction of saturated sand under shear vibration loading.But few researchers paid attention to the sand liquefaction under vertical cyclic loading.Jiaoxin railway is a high seismic intensity area after the alignment DK39+000.From the alignment DK283+550 to the alignment DK283+770,there are seismic liquefaction sand layers.It is highly possible to induce sand liquefaction by the dynamic loading of moving trains.In order to study the subgrade settlement characteristics before and after the commencement of the railway,this paper examines the concepts of sand liquefaction and the criterion of liquefaction at first.The paper further analyzes in details the settlement features of the subgrades in the sand liquefaction area.The analyses include the vertical settlement behaviors of sand layers and lateral displacement behavior.Finally,based on the test results,a constitutive model for the behavior of the sand under the condition of cyclic loading is put forward.
引文
[1]祝启坤,李先福,姚运生.砂土液化内部应力变化规律与工程液化判别[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(3):126~127.Zhu Q ikun,L i X ian,Yao Yunsheng.Interior stress change ru le ofsand soil liquefaction and criteria of engineering liquefaction.TheCh inese Journal of GeologicalHazard and Control,2004,15(3):126~127.
[2]刘惠珊,等.液化引起的地面大位移对工程的影响及研究现状[J].特种结构,1997,(2):47~50.L iu Hu ishan,et al..L iquefaction induced large d isplacem ent andits influence on constructure as developm ent.Special Structure.1997,(2):47~50.
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[4]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,俞善炳,郑哲敏.垂向动载下饱和砂土液化发展的数值模拟[J],力学学报,2001,33(5):612~615.Lu X iaob ing,Dan Q ingm ing,Yu Shanb ing,Zheng Zhem in.The liq-uefaction analysis of saturated sand under vertical vibration load-ing,Acta M echan ica S in ica,2001,33(5):612~615.
[5]赵成刚,尤昌龙.饱和砂土的液化与稳态强度[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3):90~96.Zhao Chenggang,You Changlong.L iquefaction and steady statestrength.Ch ina civil engineering journal,2001,34(3):90~96.
[6]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,王淑云,张金来.饱和砂土液化研究新进展[J].力学进展,2004,34(1):87~92.Lu X iaob ing,Dan Q ingm ing,W ang Shuyun,Zhang Jin lai.The ad-vances of liquefaction researches on saturated soils.Advances inM echan ics,2004,34(1):87~92.
[7]栾茂田,邵宇,林皋.土体地震反应非线性分析方法比较研究[A].第五届全国土动力学学术会议文集[C].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998.Luan Maotian,Shao Yu,L in Mou.Non linear analysis m ethod ofseism ic response of soils.The fifth soil dynam ics academ ic confer-ence collect.Dalian:Dalian technology un iversity press,1998.
[8]吴世明,徐攸在.土动力学现状与发展[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(3):125~129.W u Sh im ing,Xu Youzai.The status and advances of soil dynam ics.Ch inese journal of the Geotechn ical Engineering,1998,20(3):125~129.
[9]汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1997.W angW enshao.Dynam ic strength and liquefaction behavior.Bei-jing:Ch inese water conservancy and electric power press,1997.
[10]沈珠江.理论土力学[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1999.Shen Zhu jiang.Theoretic soil m echan ics.Beijing:Ch inese waterconservancy and electric power press,1999.
[11]D eA lba P,Seed HB,Chan CK.Sand liquefaction in large-scalesimple shear tests[J].Journal of the Geotechn ical Engi-neeringD ivision,ASCE,1976.
[12]HB.Soil liquefac tion and cyclic m ob ility evaluation for levelground during earthquakes[J].Journal of the Geotechn i-calEngineering D ivision,ASCE,1979.
[13]WDL,Lee KW,Martin GR.An efective stress model for liquefac-tion[J].ASCE Geotech Engrg D iv,1977.
[14]沈珠江.砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法[J].水利水运科学研究,1982,3,187~192.Shen Zhu jiang.Analysis m ethod of effective stress of sand dy-nam ic liquefaction deformation.Research on water conservancyand carriage science,1982,3:187~192.
[15]刘汉龙,余湘娟.土动力学与岩土地震工程研究进展[J].河海大学学报,1999,27(1):6~12.L iu Han long,Yu X iangjuan.Soil dynam ics and the advances ofGeotechn ical seism ic engineering.Journal of Hehai un iversity,1999,27(1):6~12.
[16]鲁晓兵.垂向荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化分析[D].北京:中国科学院力学研究所博士论文,1999,12.Lu X iaob ing.The liquefaction analysis of saturated sand undervertical load ing.Beijing:Institute ofM echan ics of Ch inese Acad-emy of Sciences,1999,12.
[17]Stark TD,O lson SM.L iquefaction resistance using cpt and fieldcase h istories[J].J Geotech Engrg,1995,121.
[18]Robertson PK,W ride CE.Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potentialusing the cone penetration test[J].J Can Geotech.1998,35.
[19]李文平,张志勇,蒲毅彬等.深部砂土三轴高压卸载结构变化的CT研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(3):302~303.L iW enp ing,Zhang Zh iyong,Pu Y ib in.A study on the structuralchange of a deeply-buried sandy soil in triaxial h igh pressureun load ing test by CT techn ique.Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(3):302~303.
[20]余闯,刘松玉,滕瑞振.不同加载方式下路堤沉降性状与预测模型研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(2):155~160.Yu Chuang,L iu Songyu,Teng Ru izhen.Characteristics of em-bankm ent settlem ent and its pred iction model under d ifferentload ing qequence.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(2):155~160.
[21]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.高速公路高填方路基沉降量的神经网络预测[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(4):428~429.W ang X iangq iu,Yang L inde,Gao W enhua.Neural network pre-d iction of the h igh-fill road foundation settlem ent of h ighway.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):428~429.
[2]刘惠珊,等.液化引起的地面大位移对工程的影响及研究现状[J].特种结构,1997,(2):47~50.L iu Hu ishan,et al..L iquefaction induced large d isplacem ent andits influence on constructure as developm ent.Special Structure.1997,(2):47~50.
[3]姚运生,祝启坤.高速铁道液化地基试验测试研究[R].国内外液化土地基处理成果调研报告,2003.Yao Yunsheng,Zhu Q ikun.L iquefaction ground test research ofh igh-speed railway.Report of ach ievem ent in d isposal of liquefac-tion ground in land and overseas,2003.
[4]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,俞善炳,郑哲敏.垂向动载下饱和砂土液化发展的数值模拟[J],力学学报,2001,33(5):612~615.Lu X iaob ing,Dan Q ingm ing,Yu Shanb ing,Zheng Zhem in.The liq-uefaction analysis of saturated sand under vertical vibration load-ing,Acta M echan ica S in ica,2001,33(5):612~615.
[5]赵成刚,尤昌龙.饱和砂土的液化与稳态强度[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3):90~96.Zhao Chenggang,You Changlong.L iquefaction and steady statestrength.Ch ina civil engineering journal,2001,34(3):90~96.
[6]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,王淑云,张金来.饱和砂土液化研究新进展[J].力学进展,2004,34(1):87~92.Lu X iaob ing,Dan Q ingm ing,W ang Shuyun,Zhang Jin lai.The ad-vances of liquefaction researches on saturated soils.Advances inM echan ics,2004,34(1):87~92.
[7]栾茂田,邵宇,林皋.土体地震反应非线性分析方法比较研究[A].第五届全国土动力学学术会议文集[C].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998.Luan Maotian,Shao Yu,L in Mou.Non linear analysis m ethod ofseism ic response of soils.The fifth soil dynam ics academ ic confer-ence collect.Dalian:Dalian technology un iversity press,1998.
[8]吴世明,徐攸在.土动力学现状与发展[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(3):125~129.W u Sh im ing,Xu Youzai.The status and advances of soil dynam ics.Ch inese journal of the Geotechn ical Engineering,1998,20(3):125~129.
[9]汪闻韶.土的动力强度和液化特性[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1997.W angW enshao.Dynam ic strength and liquefaction behavior.Bei-jing:Ch inese water conservancy and electric power press,1997.
[10]沈珠江.理论土力学[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1999.Shen Zhu jiang.Theoretic soil m echan ics.Beijing:Ch inese waterconservancy and electric power press,1999.
[11]D eA lba P,Seed HB,Chan CK.Sand liquefaction in large-scalesimple shear tests[J].Journal of the Geotechn ical Engi-neeringD ivision,ASCE,1976.
[12]HB.Soil liquefac tion and cyclic m ob ility evaluation for levelground during earthquakes[J].Journal of the Geotechn i-calEngineering D ivision,ASCE,1979.
[13]WDL,Lee KW,Martin GR.An efective stress model for liquefac-tion[J].ASCE Geotech Engrg D iv,1977.
[14]沈珠江.砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法[J].水利水运科学研究,1982,3,187~192.Shen Zhu jiang.Analysis m ethod of effective stress of sand dy-nam ic liquefaction deformation.Research on water conservancyand carriage science,1982,3:187~192.
[15]刘汉龙,余湘娟.土动力学与岩土地震工程研究进展[J].河海大学学报,1999,27(1):6~12.L iu Han long,Yu X iangjuan.Soil dynam ics and the advances ofGeotechn ical seism ic engineering.Journal of Hehai un iversity,1999,27(1):6~12.
[16]鲁晓兵.垂向荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化分析[D].北京:中国科学院力学研究所博士论文,1999,12.Lu X iaob ing.The liquefaction analysis of saturated sand undervertical load ing.Beijing:Institute ofM echan ics of Ch inese Acad-emy of Sciences,1999,12.
[17]Stark TD,O lson SM.L iquefaction resistance using cpt and fieldcase h istories[J].J Geotech Engrg,1995,121.
[18]Robertson PK,W ride CE.Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potentialusing the cone penetration test[J].J Can Geotech.1998,35.
[19]李文平,张志勇,蒲毅彬等.深部砂土三轴高压卸载结构变化的CT研究[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(3):302~303.L iW enp ing,Zhang Zh iyong,Pu Y ib in.A study on the structuralchange of a deeply-buried sandy soil in triaxial h igh pressureun load ing test by CT techn ique.Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(3):302~303.
[20]余闯,刘松玉,滕瑞振.不同加载方式下路堤沉降性状与预测模型研究[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(2):155~160.Yu Chuang,L iu Songyu,Teng Ru izhen.Characteristics of em-bankm ent settlem ent and its pred iction model under d ifferentload ing qequence.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(2):155~160.
[21]王祥秋,杨林德,高文华.高速公路高填方路基沉降量的神经网络预测[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(4):428~429.W ang X iangq iu,Yang L inde,Gao W enhua.Neural network pre-d iction of the h igh-fill road foundation settlem ent of h ighway.Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(4):428~429.
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