中国活动构造与环境灾害研究中的若干重大问题
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摘要
活动构造与环境灾害是密切相关的。活动构造可以直接引起地质灾害,构造活动引发的地震又可以派生出一系列地质灾害,人类不恰当的工程活动还可以恶化地质构造环境而加剧地质灾害。在活动构造与环境灾害相关性研究方面,我国急待启动四大科学问题的研究工作:基于现代大陆动力学的中国大陆区域地壳稳定性分区评价研究;青藏高原隆升与地质灾害;活动断裂的工程危害及其防治;地质灾害的内外动力耦合成因机理。
The active tectonics is closely related to environmental disaster.The geological disaster can be directly provoked by active tectonics, while earthquakes generated by activity of constitutions may derive a series of geological disasters.In addition,inappropriate activities of mankind can deteriorate the geological tectonic environment and aggravate the geological disasters.As for the study on the relations between active tectonics and the environmental disaster,the following four scientific problems should be addressed immediately: the zoning evaluation on the stability of China regional crust based on the modern continental dynamics;the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and geological disasters;the engineering hazard of active tectonics and its prevention;and genetic mechanics of geological disasters by coupling the inherent and external dynamics.
The active tectonics is closely related to environmental disaster.The geological disaster can be directly provoked by active tectonics, while earthquakes generated by activity of constitutions may derive a series of geological disasters.In addition,inappropriate activities of mankind can deteriorate the geological tectonic environment and aggravate the geological disasters.As for the study on the relations between active tectonics and the environmental disaster,the following four scientific problems should be addressed immediately: the zoning evaluation on the stability of China regional crust based on the modern continental dynamics;the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and geological disasters;the engineering hazard of active tectonics and its prevention;and genetic mechanics of geological disasters by coupling the inherent and external dynamics.
引文
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[2]丁周瑜.活动构造[A].21世纪初科学发展趋势[C].北京:科学出版社,1986,267~270.D ing Zhouyu.Active tecton ics,the developm ental tendency of sci-ence in 21 st century.Beijing:Science Press,1986,267~270.
[3]Ph inney R,A,S ilverpetd.A National program for Research inContionatal Dynam ics[M].(CD/2020),1993.
[4]胡海涛,殷跃平,等.区域地壳稳定性评价“安全岛”理论及方法[J].地学前缘,1996,3(1-2),57~68.Hu Haitao,Y in Yuep ing,et al..Theory and evaluation m ethodsof regional crust stab ility“safety island.”Earth Science Frontiers,1996,3(1-2),57~68.
[5]孙叶,等.中国大陆地壳稳定性分区图(1/400)[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.Sunye,et al..The zon ing map of Ch inese crust stab ility(1/400).Beijing:Geology Press,1996.
[6]杜东菊,等.中国区域稳定工程地质区分图(1/400)[M].第三十届国际地质大会展示,1996.Du Dongju,et al..The engineering geological zon ing map of Ch i-nese regional stab ility(1/400).Exh ib it on the th irtieth interna-tional geologicalm eeting,1996.
[7]彭建兵,等.区域稳定动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.Peng Jianb ing,et al..Study on regional stab ility dynam ics.Bei-jing:Science Press,2001.
[8]Tapponn ier P,molnar.Slip———L ine field theory and large—scalecontinental tecton ics[J].Nature,1976,264(5584),319~324.
[9]李吉均,等.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度与形式的探讨[J].中国科学,1979,6,608~616.L i Jijun,et al..D iscussion on the tim e,amplitude and form ofQ inghai-X izang P lateau’s uplift.Ch inese Science,1979,6,608~616.
[10]张培震,等.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):403~441.Zhang Peizhe,et al..GPS velocity field and active crustal b locksof contemporary tecton ic deformation in continental Ch ina.EarthScience Frontiers,2002,9(2):403~441.
[11]王琪,等.中国大陆现今地质运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D),2001,31(7):529~536.W ang Q i,et al..The present geological activity and tecton ic de-formation of Ch inese continent.Science of Ch ina(D),2001,31(7),529~536.
[12]Zhang Yueq iao,et al..Cenozoic extensional stress evolution innorth ch ina[J].Geodynanm ics,2003,36,591~613.
[13]Zhang peahen,et al..Continuous deformation of the Tibetanpeizhen fon global position ing system date[J].Geology,2004,32(9):809~812.
[14]张国伟,等..关于中国大陆动力学与造山带研究思考[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):7~13.Zhang Guowei,et al..Som e thoughts on the study of continentaldynam ics and orogen ic belt.Geology in Ch ina,2002,29(1):7~13.
[15]黄润秋,等.中国西南地壳浅表层动力学过程及其工程环境效应研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社,2001.Huang Runq iu,et al..Study on the dynam ic course of earthcrust’s superficial layer in southwest of Ch ina and its engineeringand environm ental effect.Chengdu:S ichuan Un iversity Press,2001.
[16]彭建兵,等.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):457~465.Peng Jianb ing,et al..The geological d isaster effect of uplift forQ inghai-X iang P lateau in Late era and Kainozoic era.D evelop-m ent of earth science,2004,19(3):457~465.
[17]施雅风,等.青藏高原晚新生代隆升与环境变化[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998.Sh i Fengya,et al..Uplift ofQ inghai-X izang P lateau in Late eraand Kainozoic era and change of environm ent.Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Press,1998.
[18]郑度,等.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Zhengdu,et al..Uplift ofQ inghai-X izang P lateau and environ-m ental effect.Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[19]郑度,等.青藏高原形成环境与发展[M].北京:河北科学技术出版社,2003,37~100.Zhengdu,et al..Form ing environm ent ofQ inghai-X izang P lat-eau and its developm ent.Beijing:Hebei Science and TechnologyPress,2003,37~100.
[20]李吉均,等.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,1998,43(15):1569~1574.L i Jijun,et al..Study on uplift of Q inghai-X iang P lateau andchange of environm ent.Science Report,1998,43(15):1569~1574.
[21]李吉均,等.新生代晚期青藏高原强烈隆起及其对周边环境的影响[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(5):381~391.L i Jijun,et al..Late Cenozoic intensive uplift of Q inghai ofQ inghai-X izhang plateau and its impacts on environm ents insurround ing area,Quaternary Sciences,2002,21(5):381~391.
[22]殷跃平.全国地质灾害趋势预测及预测图编制[J].第四纪研究,1996,16(2):123~130.Y in Yuep ing,et al..Nation-w ide main geologic hazard forecastand mapp ing.Quaternary Sciences,1996,16(2):123~130.
[23]王思敬.地球内外动力耦合作用与重大地质灾害的成因初探[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):115~117.W ang sijing.Coupling of earth’s endogen ic and exogen ic geolog-ical processes and origins on serious geological d isasters.Journalof Engineering Geology,2002,10(2):115~117.
[24]王建力,等.青藏高原东北边缘泥石流发生与沉积环境[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学出版),2002,27(5):762~770.W ang Jian li,et al..A brief review on the debris flow occurrenceanddeposition at the Northeastern fringe ofQ inghai-X izang plat-eau,Journal of SouthwestCh ina NormalUn iversity(Natural Sci-ence),2002,27(5):762~770.
[25]崔之久,等.浅论中国第四纪泥石流历史与沉积环境,中国第四纪冰川与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1994,254~263.Cu i Zh ijiu,et al..D iscussion on h istory and sed im entation envi-ronm ent of Ch inese Quaternary mudflow,Ch inese Quaternaryglaciation;and environm ent.Beijing:Science Press,1994,254~263.
[26]孟晖,等.青藏高原东缘中段地质灾害空间分布特征分析[J].中国地质,2004,31(2):218~224.M eng Hu i,et al..Analysis of the spatial d istribution of geo-hazards along the m idd le segm ent of the eastern margin of theQ inghai-Tibet P lateau.Geology in Ch ina,2004,31(2):218~224.
[27]李永化,等.青藏高原东缘和邻区晚新生代泥石流活动规律及其成因[J].地理研究,2002,21(5):562~568.L iYonghua,et al..The study of debris flow’smovem ent regu la-tion and reasons in late Cenozoic Era in the eastern fringe of Ti-betan P lateau and the nearby regions,Geograph ical research,2002,21(5):562~568.
[28]张春山,等.黄河上游地区地质灾害分布规律与区划[J].地球学报,2003,24(2):155~160.Zhang Chunshan,et al..D istribution Regu larity and Regionalization of GeologicalHazards in the Upper Yellow R iver Valley.Acta Geoscientia S in ica,,2003,24(2):155~160.
[29]汪一鹏.西部大开发中的活断层灾害问题,新构造与环境[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.W ang Y ipeng.Prob lem on active fau lt d isaster in developm ent ofwestern regions,neotecton ics and environm ent.Beijing:GeologyPress,2002.
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