基于液化后变形分析方法的地下管线上浮反应研究
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摘要
采用液化后变形分析方法模拟了饱和砂土地基地震时发生的液化流动,研究了地基中地下管线的上浮反应,讨论了管线直径、埋深、地下水位、地基土相对密度等因素对地下管线上浮位移的影响,并对地下管线抗震设计提出了一些建议。
The post-liquefaction deformation method was used to simulate the liquefaction-induced flow of sand foundations and the uplift of buried pipelines.The effects of diameter and buried depth of pipelines,groundwater level and relative density of soil on the uplift behavior were studied.Some suggestions were presented for the seismic design of buried pipeline based on the analytic results.
The post-liquefaction deformation method was used to simulate the liquefaction-induced flow of sand foundations and the uplift of buried pipelines.The effects of diameter and buried depth of pipelines,groundwater level and relative density of soil on the uplift behavior were studied.Some suggestions were presented for the seismic design of buried pipeline based on the analytic results.
引文
[1]O’ROURKE T D,GOWDY T E,STEWART H E,PEASE J W.Lifeline and geotechnical aspects of the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake[C]//Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics.University of Missouri-Rolla,1991:1601–1612.
[2]MOHRI Y,YASUNAKA M,TANI S.Damage to buried pipeline due to liquefaction induced performance at the ground by the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Earthquake in 1993[C]//Proceedings of First International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1995:31–36.
[3]MOHRI Y,KAWABATA T,LING H I.Experiments on shallowly buried pipelines using shaking table[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Earthquake Engineering Symposium,Tokyo,1998:1913–1916.
[4]MOHRI Y,KAWABATA T,LING H I.Experimental study on the effects of vertical shaking on the behavior of underground pipelines[C]//Proceedings of Second International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering,Lisbon,1999:489–494.
[5]邹德高,孔宪京,LING H I,朱彤.地震时饱和砂土地基中管线上浮机理及抗震措施试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):323–326.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing,LING H I,ZHU Tong.Experimental study on the uplift behavior of pipeline in saturated sand foundation and earthquake resistant measures during an earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(3):323–326.(in Chinese))
[6]KOSEKI J,MATSUO O,TANAKA S.Uplift of sewer pipes caused by earthquake-induced liquefaction of surrounding soil[J].Soils and Foundations,1998,38(3):75–87.
[7]SUN L X.Centrifugal testing and finite element analysis of pipeline buried in liquefiable soil[D].NewYork:Columbia University,2001.
[8]WANG L R L,SHIM J S,ISHIBASHI L,WANG Y.Dynamic response of buried pipelines during liquefaction process[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,1990,9(1):44–50.
[9]林均岐,熊建国.液化场地土中埋设管线的上浮反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(2):97–100.(LIN Jun-qi,XIONG Jian-guo.Analysis for floating response of buried pipeline in liquefied soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(2):97–100.(in Chinese))
[10]邹德高,孔宪京,娄树莲,张涛.饱和砂土地基中地下管线的振动台试验数值模拟分析[J].水利学报,2004,(12):112–119.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing,LOU Shu-lian,ZHANG Tao.Numerical simulation of shaking table test on pipelines buried in saturated sand foundation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(12):112–119.(in Chinese))
[11]艾晓秋,李杰.地下管线的有效应力地震反应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(1):1–7.(AI Xiao-qiu,LI Jie.Analysis of seismic response of underground pipelines in terms of effective stress[J].Journal of Disaster Pnevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005,25(1):1–7.(in Chinese))
[12]刘华北,宋二祥.可液化土中地铁结构的地震响应[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):381–386.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Earthquake induced liquefaction response of subway structure in liquefiable soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):381–386.(in Chinese))
[13]刘华北,宋二祥.埋深对地下结构地震液化响应的影响[J].清华大学学报,2005,45(3):301–305.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Effects of burial depth on the liquefaction response of underground structures during an earthquake excitation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2005,45(3):301–305.(in Chinese))
[14]刘华北,宋二祥.截断墙法降低地下结构地震液化上浮[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1049–1055.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Reducing uplift of underground structures using cutoff walls[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1049–1055.(in Chinese))
[15]YASUDA S,YOSHIDA N,MASUDA T,et al.Stress-strain relationships of liquefied sands[C]//Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1995:811–816.
[16]YASUDA S,YOSHIDA N,KIKU H,et al.A simplified method to evaluate liquefaction-induced deformation[C]//Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1999:555–560.
[17]刘汉龙,周云东,高玉峰.砂土地震液化后大变形特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):142–146.(LIU Han-long,ZHOU Yun-dong,GAO Yu-feng.Study on the behavior of large ground displacement of sand due to seismic liquefaction[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):142–146.(in Chinese))
[18]张建民,王刚.评价饱和砂土液化过程中小应变到大应变的本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):546–552.(ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.A constitutive model for evaluating small to large cyclic strains of saturated s and during liquefaction process[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):546–552.(in Chinese))
[19]张建民,王刚.砂土液化后大变形的机理[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(7):835–840.(ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.Mechanism of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated sand[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(7):835–840.(in Chinese))
[20]YASUDA S,IDENO T,SAKURAI Y.Analyses for liquefaction-induced settlement of river levees by ALID[C]//Proceeding of the 12th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mecanics&Geotechnical Engineering.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing.2003:347–350.
[21]安田進,安達健司,吉田望,規矩大義.2次元液狀化流動解析プログラムALID/Win[R].東京:地盤ソフト工房株式会社.(YASUDA S,ADACHI K,YOSHIDA N,KIKU H.Analysis for liquefaction-induced deformation ALID/Win[R].Tokyo:Jiban Soft Factory.(in Japanese))
[22]邹德高,孔宪京.Geotechnical dynamic nonlinear analysis-GEODYNA使用说明[R].大连:大连理工大学.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing.Geotechnical dynamic nonlinear analysis-GEODYNA Manual[R].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology.(in Chinese))
[23]KOSEKI J,MATSUO O,SASAKI T,et al.Damage to sewer pipes during the 1993 Kushiro-Oki and the 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki earthquakes[J].Soils and Foundations,2000,40(1):99–111.
[24]YASUDA S,MORIMOTO I,KIKU H,TANAKA T.Reconnaissance report on the damage caused by three Japanese earthquakes in 2003[R].Tokyo:Tokyo Denki University,2003.
[2]MOHRI Y,YASUNAKA M,TANI S.Damage to buried pipeline due to liquefaction induced performance at the ground by the Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki Earthquake in 1993[C]//Proceedings of First International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1995:31–36.
[3]MOHRI Y,KAWABATA T,LING H I.Experiments on shallowly buried pipelines using shaking table[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Earthquake Engineering Symposium,Tokyo,1998:1913–1916.
[4]MOHRI Y,KAWABATA T,LING H I.Experimental study on the effects of vertical shaking on the behavior of underground pipelines[C]//Proceedings of Second International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering,Lisbon,1999:489–494.
[5]邹德高,孔宪京,LING H I,朱彤.地震时饱和砂土地基中管线上浮机理及抗震措施试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):323–326.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing,LING H I,ZHU Tong.Experimental study on the uplift behavior of pipeline in saturated sand foundation and earthquake resistant measures during an earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(3):323–326.(in Chinese))
[6]KOSEKI J,MATSUO O,TANAKA S.Uplift of sewer pipes caused by earthquake-induced liquefaction of surrounding soil[J].Soils and Foundations,1998,38(3):75–87.
[7]SUN L X.Centrifugal testing and finite element analysis of pipeline buried in liquefiable soil[D].NewYork:Columbia University,2001.
[8]WANG L R L,SHIM J S,ISHIBASHI L,WANG Y.Dynamic response of buried pipelines during liquefaction process[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,1990,9(1):44–50.
[9]林均岐,熊建国.液化场地土中埋设管线的上浮反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(2):97–100.(LIN Jun-qi,XIONG Jian-guo.Analysis for floating response of buried pipeline in liquefied soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(2):97–100.(in Chinese))
[10]邹德高,孔宪京,娄树莲,张涛.饱和砂土地基中地下管线的振动台试验数值模拟分析[J].水利学报,2004,(12):112–119.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing,LOU Shu-lian,ZHANG Tao.Numerical simulation of shaking table test on pipelines buried in saturated sand foundation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,(12):112–119.(in Chinese))
[11]艾晓秋,李杰.地下管线的有效应力地震反应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2005,25(1):1–7.(AI Xiao-qiu,LI Jie.Analysis of seismic response of underground pipelines in terms of effective stress[J].Journal of Disaster Pnevention and Mitigation Engineering,2005,25(1):1–7.(in Chinese))
[12]刘华北,宋二祥.可液化土中地铁结构的地震响应[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):381–386.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Earthquake induced liquefaction response of subway structure in liquefiable soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):381–386.(in Chinese))
[13]刘华北,宋二祥.埋深对地下结构地震液化响应的影响[J].清华大学学报,2005,45(3):301–305.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Effects of burial depth on the liquefaction response of underground structures during an earthquake excitation[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2005,45(3):301–305.(in Chinese))
[14]刘华北,宋二祥.截断墙法降低地下结构地震液化上浮[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1049–1055.(LIU Hua-bei,SONG Er-xiang.Reducing uplift of underground structures using cutoff walls[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1049–1055.(in Chinese))
[15]YASUDA S,YOSHIDA N,MASUDA T,et al.Stress-strain relationships of liquefied sands[C]//Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1995:811–816.
[16]YASUDA S,YOSHIDA N,KIKU H,et al.A simplified method to evaluate liquefaction-induced deformation[C]//Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering.Rotterdam:Balkema,1999:555–560.
[17]刘汉龙,周云东,高玉峰.砂土地震液化后大变形特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):142–146.(LIU Han-long,ZHOU Yun-dong,GAO Yu-feng.Study on the behavior of large ground displacement of sand due to seismic liquefaction[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):142–146.(in Chinese))
[18]张建民,王刚.评价饱和砂土液化过程中小应变到大应变的本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):546–552.(ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.A constitutive model for evaluating small to large cyclic strains of saturated s and during liquefaction process[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):546–552.(in Chinese))
[19]张建民,王刚.砂土液化后大变形的机理[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(7):835–840.(ZHANG Jian-min,WANG Gang.Mechanism of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated sand[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(7):835–840.(in Chinese))
[20]YASUDA S,IDENO T,SAKURAI Y.Analyses for liquefaction-induced settlement of river levees by ALID[C]//Proceeding of the 12th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mecanics&Geotechnical Engineering.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing.2003:347–350.
[21]安田進,安達健司,吉田望,規矩大義.2次元液狀化流動解析プログラムALID/Win[R].東京:地盤ソフト工房株式会社.(YASUDA S,ADACHI K,YOSHIDA N,KIKU H.Analysis for liquefaction-induced deformation ALID/Win[R].Tokyo:Jiban Soft Factory.(in Japanese))
[22]邹德高,孔宪京.Geotechnical dynamic nonlinear analysis-GEODYNA使用说明[R].大连:大连理工大学.(ZOU De-gao,KONG Xian-jing.Geotechnical dynamic nonlinear analysis-GEODYNA Manual[R].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology.(in Chinese))
[23]KOSEKI J,MATSUO O,SASAKI T,et al.Damage to sewer pipes during the 1993 Kushiro-Oki and the 1994 Hokkaido-Toho-Oki earthquakes[J].Soils and Foundations,2000,40(1):99–111.
[24]YASUDA S,MORIMOTO I,KIKU H,TANAKA T.Reconnaissance report on the damage caused by three Japanese earthquakes in 2003[R].Tokyo:Tokyo Denki University,2003.
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