浅埋大跨隧道施工爆破监测与减震技术
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摘要
以沪—蓉线庙垭分岔隧道工程为背景,研究了其浅埋大跨段掘进爆破的地表震动效应及大断面开挖减震控制技术,并结合爆破监测数据的回归分析,确立了地震波垂向衰减规律的数学模型。综合分析地表及洞内地震波的震动特性发现,地表质点振动主振频率主要集中在低频段;由于表土的滤波作用,主振频率随距离的增加而减小的趋势并不明显;洞内混凝土衬砌减弱了爆破对围岩的冲击,高频地震波衰减极快;开挖区上部的地表振速通常大于未开挖区的振速,浅埋大跨隧道爆破安全控制应以已开挖区顶部的地表振速为准。
Based on the engineering background of the Miaoya forked tunnel,the study of vibration characteristic of the ground at the large-span shallow part and blasting vibration reduction technology for large-span excavation has been done,according to the regression analysis for the results of monitoring on blasting vibration,the mathematical model for vertical propagation of blasting vibration has been established.Some conclusions are obtained by analyzing the vibration characteristic of the ground and the tunnel,the dominating vibration frequency at surface mass point mostly focuses on low frequency,the decreasing tendency of dominating vibration frequency at surface mass point is not obvious when distance increases,because some blasting earthquake waves are absorbed by the earth surface covered with soil of certain thickness;the high frequency is mostly absorbed by the concrete of the tunnel lining,so the blasting vibration impacting on the rock becomes weaker,the ground blasting vibration velocity of the excavation region is higher than that of the rock region;the ground blasting vibration velocity at the top of excavation region should be less than that of blasting security control in the large-span shallow tunnel.
Based on the engineering background of the Miaoya forked tunnel,the study of vibration characteristic of the ground at the large-span shallow part and blasting vibration reduction technology for large-span excavation has been done,according to the regression analysis for the results of monitoring on blasting vibration,the mathematical model for vertical propagation of blasting vibration has been established.Some conclusions are obtained by analyzing the vibration characteristic of the ground and the tunnel,the dominating vibration frequency at surface mass point mostly focuses on low frequency,the decreasing tendency of dominating vibration frequency at surface mass point is not obvious when distance increases,because some blasting earthquake waves are absorbed by the earth surface covered with soil of certain thickness;the high frequency is mostly absorbed by the concrete of the tunnel lining,so the blasting vibration impacting on the rock becomes weaker,the ground blasting vibration velocity of the excavation region is higher than that of the rock region;the ground blasting vibration velocity at the top of excavation region should be less than that of blasting security control in the large-span shallow tunnel.
引文
[1]分岔隧道设计施工关键技术研究阶段工作报告[R].武汉:湖北沪―蓉西高速公路建设指挥部,2005.
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[3]朱传云,喻胜春,易长平.爆炸荷载作用下中隔墩应力场的影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(1):21-25.ZHU Chuan-yun,YU Sheng-chun,YI Chang-ping.Analysis on factors affecting stress distribution in rock wall under blasting loads[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(1):21-25.
[4]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281-285.TAN Zhong-sheng,YANG Xiao-lin,WANG Meng-shu.Effect on blasting double line tunnel an existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281-285.
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[7]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274-278.LI Yu-min,NI Zhi-fang.Ground vibration characteristics of excavation blasting for underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274-278.
[8]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hong-tu,HU Guo-zhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blasting vibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[9]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 929-1 930.XIE Jin-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study of blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan hydropower stating[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 929-1 930.
[10]言志信,吴德伦,王漪,等.地震效应及安全研究[J].岩土力学,2004,23(2):201-203.YAN Zhi-xin,WU De-lun,WANG Yi,et al.Study of blast vibration effect and safety[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,23(2):201-203.
[11]孟吉复,惠鸿斌.爆破测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.
[12]赵锦桥,李廷春,崔积弘.隧道掘进爆破地震频谱特性分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):110-115.ZHAO Jin-qiao,LI Ting-chun,CUI Ji-hong.Seimic sprectra characteristics of tunnel excavation balsting[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):110-115.
[13]SHARMA J.Blasting induced vibration monitoring[J].The Indian Mining&Engineering Journal,1998,37(11):36-36.
[14]SISKIND E D.Frequency analysis and use of response spectra for blast vibration assessments in mining[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique(Volume II)Orlando.USA:International Society of Explosive、Engineering.1996:176-183.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB6722―2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[2]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道施工性态监测与稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增):4 158-4 163.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song,et al.Rock stability analysis and site monitoring of mechanical behavior for excavation of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):4 158-4 163.
[3]朱传云,喻胜春,易长平.爆炸荷载作用下中隔墩应力场的影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2001,22(1):21-25.ZHU Chuan-yun,YU Sheng-chun,YI Chang-ping.Analysis on factors affecting stress distribution in rock wall under blasting loads[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(1):21-25.
[4]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281-285.TAN Zhong-sheng,YANG Xiao-lin,WANG Meng-shu.Effect on blasting double line tunnel an existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281-285.
[5]吴浩艺,刘慧,史雅如,等.邻近侧向爆破作用下既有隧道减震问题分析[J].爆破,2002,19(2):74-76.WU Hao-yi,LIU Hui,SHI Ya-ru,et al.Analysis of the vibration reduction in tunnel contour induced by adjacent side blasting[J].Blasting,2002,19(2):74-76.
[6]张继春,曹孝君,郑爽英,等.浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.ZHANG Ji-chung,CAO Xiao-jun,ZHENG Shuang-ying,et al.Experimental study of vibration effects of ground due to shallow tunnel blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4 158-4 163.
[7]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274-278.LI Yu-min,NI Zhi-fang.Ground vibration characteristics of excavation blasting for underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274-278.
[8]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠,等.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hong-tu,HU Guo-zhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blasting vibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[9]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 929-1 930.XIE Jin-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study of blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan hydropower stating[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 929-1 930.
[10]言志信,吴德伦,王漪,等.地震效应及安全研究[J].岩土力学,2004,23(2):201-203.YAN Zhi-xin,WU De-lun,WANG Yi,et al.Study of blast vibration effect and safety[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,23(2):201-203.
[11]孟吉复,惠鸿斌.爆破测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.
[12]赵锦桥,李廷春,崔积弘.隧道掘进爆破地震频谱特性分析[J].爆破,2005,22(2):110-115.ZHAO Jin-qiao,LI Ting-chun,CUI Ji-hong.Seimic sprectra characteristics of tunnel excavation balsting[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):110-115.
[13]SHARMA J.Blasting induced vibration monitoring[J].The Indian Mining&Engineering Journal,1998,37(11):36-36.
[14]SISKIND E D.Frequency analysis and use of response spectra for blast vibration assessments in mining[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique(Volume II)Orlando.USA:International Society of Explosive、Engineering.1996:176-183.
[15]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB6722―2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
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