大坝外部变形监测技术现状与发展趋势

英文篇名：The present situation and developing trend of the dam exterior deformation monitoring technology
中文刊名：水力发电
英文刊名：Water Power
作者：袁天奇 ; 张冰
英文作者：YUAN Tianqi ; ZHANG Bing (North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power ; Zhengzhou Henan 450008)
中文关键词：大坝安全监测 ; 水平位移 ; 垂直位移 ; 三维位移 ; 极坐标法 ; 距离交会法 ; GPS法 ; 自动监测系统
英文关键词：dam safety monitoring ; horizontal displacement ; vertical displacement ; three-dimensional displacement ; the limit coordinate method ; the distance intersecting method ; GPS method ; automatic monitoring system
出版日期：2003-06-21
机构：华北水利水电学院,华北水利水电学院河南郑州　450008 ,河南郑州　450008
年：2003
期：06
出版单位：水力发电

摘要

外部变形观测是大坝安全监测系统的重要组成部分。目前常用的监测方法主要有:①水平位移监测的视准线法、引张线法、激光准直法、正倒垂线法、精密导线法和前方交会法;②垂直位移监测的几何水准法、流体静力水准法;③三维位移监测的极坐标法、距离交会法和GPS法。三维位移监测系统可实时连续观测变形点的水平位移和垂直位移。测量机器人自动监测系统在小浪底大坝成功应用,实现了大坝外部变形监测的全自动化。随着科技的不断发展,大坝安全监测自动化系统一定会更加完善。
The appearance deformation observation is an important part of the dam safety monitoring system. The present monitoring methods are as follows: 1) visual yardstick method, unfolded line method, collimation method, inverted perpendicular line method, precise wire method and intersecting ahead method. 2) the geometric vertical displacement monitoring method, static fluid object method. 3) the limit coordinate method and GPS method, in threedimensional monitoring. The threedimensional displacement monitoring system can be used to consistently observe the horizontal displacement and vertical displacement of the deformed point. The automatic robot measurement monitoring system has been successfully applied in the Xiaolangdi Dam, which realizes the complete automation of the dam exterior deformation monitoring. With the development of science technology, it will surely be improved.

引文

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