塔里木盆地库车坳陷烃源灶特征和天然气成藏过程
摘要
根据模拟实验数据,建立了库车坳陷典型源岩天然气产率和碳同位素的化学动力学参数。基于探井和人工井(13条地震剖面共230个人工井点)地质数据和今、古地温数据,采用BasinMod软件,分析了各井点成熟度和天然气产率随时间的变化规律,查明了三叠、侏罗系源岩的生烃历史和烃源灶的演化特征,指出,库车坳陷中生界源岩自新近纪以来快速埋藏和成熟,特别是5×106a以来,上新统库车组快速沉积,引起成熟度急剧增高,进入干气阶段,表现为5×106a以来气源灶极高的生气速率,这是库车坳陷形成高效天然气藏的重要原因。库车坳陷的前缘隆起带和克依构造带捕获了同一腐殖型气源灶(T-J)不同阶段生成的天然气;前缘隆起带的牙哈凝析气田主要捕获了生油窗阶段近源生成的天然气,表现为天然气甲烷碳同位素相对较轻;克拉2气藏主要是晚期(5×106a以来)捕获了镜质体反射率在1.0%～2.5%阶段生成的天然气,表现为天然气甲烷碳同位素相对较重。
Based on the simulated test data, the chemical kinetics parameters of natural gas generation rate and carbon isotope from the typical source rocks in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin are established. In view of the geologic data and the presentand paleogeothermal data from exploration wells and artificial wells, the changes of maturity and gas generation rate with time for each well are analyzed with BasinMod software. And the hydrocarbon generating history and source kitchen evolution of Jurassic-Triassic source rocks are recognized. It is suggested that the late and fast burial and mature of source rocks in Kuqa depression since the Neogene, in particular, the rapid deposition of Kuqa formation since the Pliocene (5×106 a BP) lead to sudden increase of the maturity of source rocks, entering into dry gas stage with extremely high gas generation rate. This is a significant reason for formation of highly active natural gas pool in this depression. As shown by the chemical and stable carbon isotope compositions of the discovered gases, the formation of the giant gas pool in Kela-2, Yaha underwent very different geological processes due to the differences in their gas source kitchens. Gases in Yaha condensate gas field in the frontal uplift zone appear to represent gases generated within early to middle oil window with relatively isotopic light gas, whereas the isotopic heavy gases in Kela-2 gas field in Kelasu-Yigikelike Yi structural belt are most likely high maturity gases (Ro:1.0%～2.5%) generated since 5×106 a BP.
Based on the simulated test data, the chemical kinetics parameters of natural gas generation rate and carbon isotope from the typical source rocks in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin are established. In view of the geologic data and the presentand paleogeothermal data from exploration wells and artificial wells, the changes of maturity and gas generation rate with time for each well are analyzed with BasinMod software. And the hydrocarbon generating history and source kitchen evolution of Jurassic-Triassic source rocks are recognized. It is suggested that the late and fast burial and mature of source rocks in Kuqa depression since the Neogene, in particular, the rapid deposition of Kuqa formation since the Pliocene (5×106 a BP) lead to sudden increase of the maturity of source rocks, entering into dry gas stage with extremely high gas generation rate. This is a significant reason for formation of highly active natural gas pool in this depression. As shown by the chemical and stable carbon isotope compositions of the discovered gases, the formation of the giant gas pool in Kela-2, Yaha underwent very different geological processes due to the differences in their gas source kitchens. Gases in Yaha condensate gas field in the frontal uplift zone appear to represent gases generated within early to middle oil window with relatively isotopic light gas, whereas the isotopic heavy gases in Kela-2 gas field in Kelasu-Yigikelike Yi structural belt are most likely high maturity gases (Ro:1.0%～2.5%) generated since 5×106 a BP.
引文
1)杨斌.塔里木盆地生油岩评价和油源对比,研究报告,1988.
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3)戴金星,秦胜飞.库车坳陷天然气成因地球化学研究,研究报告,2001.
4)张宝民,陈建平.塔里木盆地盆地烃源岩有机相和生烃潜力,研究报告,2001.
1)塔里木油田公司研究院.塔里木盆地地层统层研究,研究报告,1998.
2)石油物探局研究院地质研究中心,塔里木盆地格架和地层层序,研究报告,1999.
1)顾家裕.库车前陆盆地演化与油气资源评价,研究报告,1999.
2)李启明.克依构造带圈闭评价,研究报告,1999.
3)吕修祥.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克依构造带油气成藏动力学,研究报告,2000.
1)刘文汇.库车坳陷天然气稀有气体地球化学,研究报告,2003.
[1]贾承造,何登发.前陆冲断带油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[2]贾承造,胡云杨.塔里木盆地库车坳陷大气田勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
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[5]王飞宇,张水昌,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界源岩有机成熟度[J].新疆石油地质,1999,15(4):301-306.
[6]梁狄刚,陈建平,王飞宇,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷陆相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[7]王飞宇,杜治利,李谦,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界油源岩有机成熟度和生烃历史[J].地球化学,2005,34(2):136-146.
[8]杜治利,王飞宇,张水昌,等.库车坳陷中生界气源灶生气强度演化特征[J].地球化学,2006,35(4):333-345.
[9]汤良杰,贾承造.库车前陆褶皱带盆地构造样式[J].中国科学,2003,33(1):38-46.
[10]Brewer J.Thermal effects of thrust faulting[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1981,56:233-244.
[11]Edman J D,Surdam R C.Influence of overthrusting on mat-uration of hydrocarbon in Phosphoria formation,Wyoming-Idaho-Utah overthrust bel[tJ].AAPG Bull.,1984,8(11):1803-1817.
[12]Deming D,Chapman D S.Thermal histories and hydrocar-bon generation:example from Utah-Wyoming thrust belt[J].AAPG Bull.,1989,73(12):1455-1471.
[13]Platte River Association,Inc.BasinMod1-D for Windows.Denver,CO,USA,2001.
[14]戴金星.中国天然气地质学(卷一)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[15]戴金星.中国大气田及气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[16]Cramer B,Krooss B M,Littke R.Modelling isotope frac-tionation during primary cracking of natural gas:a reaction kinetic approach[J].Chemical Geology,1998,149:235-250.
[17]Cramer B,Faber E,Gerling P,et al.Reaction kinetics of stable carbon isotopes in natural gas:Insights from dry,open system pyrolysis experiments[J].Energy&Fuels,2001,15:517-532.
[18]Zhao W Z,Zhang S C,Wang F Y,et al.Gas systems in the Kuche depression of the Tarim basin:source rock distributi-ons,generation kinetics and gas accumulation history[J].Org.Geochem.,2005,36(12):1583-1601.
[19]赵孟军,卢双舫.克拉2气田地球化学和成藏过程[J].科学通报,2002,(增刊):111-115.
2)朱扬明.塔里木盆地中生界陆相盆地生油层和原油的地球化学研究,研究报告,1994.
3)戴金星,秦胜飞.库车坳陷天然气成因地球化学研究,研究报告,2001.
4)张宝民,陈建平.塔里木盆地盆地烃源岩有机相和生烃潜力,研究报告,2001.
1)塔里木油田公司研究院.塔里木盆地地层统层研究,研究报告,1998.
2)石油物探局研究院地质研究中心,塔里木盆地格架和地层层序,研究报告,1999.
1)顾家裕.库车前陆盆地演化与油气资源评价,研究报告,1999.
2)李启明.克依构造带圈闭评价,研究报告,1999.
3)吕修祥.塔里木盆地库车坳陷克依构造带油气成藏动力学,研究报告,2000.
1)刘文汇.库车坳陷天然气稀有气体地球化学,研究报告,2003.
[1]贾承造,何登发.前陆冲断带油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.
[2]贾承造,胡云杨.塔里木盆地库车坳陷大气田勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[3]Thomas B M,Moller-Pedersen P,Whitaker M F,et al.Organic facies and hydrocarbon distributions in the Nor-wegian North Sea[A].In:Petroleum Geochemistry in Ex-ploration of the Norwegian Shelf,Graham and Trotman[C].London,1985:3-26.
[4]Demaison G J.Genetic classification of petroleum system[J].AAPG Bull.,1994,75:1626-1643.
[5]王飞宇,张水昌,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界源岩有机成熟度[J].新疆石油地质,1999,15(4):301-306.
[6]梁狄刚,陈建平,王飞宇,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷陆相油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[7]王飞宇,杜治利,李谦,等.塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界油源岩有机成熟度和生烃历史[J].地球化学,2005,34(2):136-146.
[8]杜治利,王飞宇,张水昌,等.库车坳陷中生界气源灶生气强度演化特征[J].地球化学,2006,35(4):333-345.
[9]汤良杰,贾承造.库车前陆褶皱带盆地构造样式[J].中国科学,2003,33(1):38-46.
[10]Brewer J.Thermal effects of thrust faulting[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1981,56:233-244.
[11]Edman J D,Surdam R C.Influence of overthrusting on mat-uration of hydrocarbon in Phosphoria formation,Wyoming-Idaho-Utah overthrust bel[tJ].AAPG Bull.,1984,8(11):1803-1817.
[12]Deming D,Chapman D S.Thermal histories and hydrocar-bon generation:example from Utah-Wyoming thrust belt[J].AAPG Bull.,1989,73(12):1455-1471.
[13]Platte River Association,Inc.BasinMod1-D for Windows.Denver,CO,USA,2001.
[14]戴金星.中国天然气地质学(卷一)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1992.
[15]戴金星.中国大气田及气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[16]Cramer B,Krooss B M,Littke R.Modelling isotope frac-tionation during primary cracking of natural gas:a reaction kinetic approach[J].Chemical Geology,1998,149:235-250.
[17]Cramer B,Faber E,Gerling P,et al.Reaction kinetics of stable carbon isotopes in natural gas:Insights from dry,open system pyrolysis experiments[J].Energy&Fuels,2001,15:517-532.
[18]Zhao W Z,Zhang S C,Wang F Y,et al.Gas systems in the Kuche depression of the Tarim basin:source rock distributi-ons,generation kinetics and gas accumulation history[J].Org.Geochem.,2005,36(12):1583-1601.
[19]赵孟军,卢双舫.克拉2气田地球化学和成藏过程[J].科学通报,2002,(增刊):111-115.
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