地下断裂对不同土质上覆土层的工程影响
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摘要
采用土工离心模拟技术研究4种不同土质的上覆土层在地下断裂时的性状反应,分别模拟基岩垂直位错与水平位错两种基岩断裂形式,其最大模拟位错量分别达4.5,3.0m,由此获得以下试验结果:(1)当基岩断裂位错时,张性的正断错位比水平错位对上部土层的开裂影响要大;(2)上部覆盖为单一的软–中等强度的土层比粗细相间沉积的土层影响要大;(3)当断裂位错1～3m时,土层开始出现裂缝,其破裂高度均在20m以内;当断裂位错增大到4.5m时,土层破裂向上发展,但均在30m以内。本文的分析与结论对于场地断裂工程抗震评价及有关规范的修订具有参考价值和指导意义。
By means of the geotechnical centrifuge technology,the four different overburden soils are studied by simulating vertical and horizontal faults,whose maximum bedrock offsets are 4.5 and 3.3 m,respectively. The results show that:(1) when bedrock fracture occurs,the influence range inside overburden soils produced by vertical fault (down fault) is greater than that produced by horizontal fault (strike slip fault);(2) the influence degree inside single middle strength soft soil is greater than that inside the cross bedding′s sedimentary soils composed of coarse and fine grained soil layers;and (3) under way of bedrock offset 1-3 m,the fracture inside overburden soils appears and all fracture heights are less than 20 m. When the bedrock offset becomes great enough to 4.5 m,the fracture expands inside overburden soils but the fracture heights are all within 30 m. It shows that the centrifuge test results have significant references to both the evaluation of countermeasure against faults in engineering practice and the revisions of some design regulations.
By means of the geotechnical centrifuge technology,the four different overburden soils are studied by simulating vertical and horizontal faults,whose maximum bedrock offsets are 4.5 and 3.3 m,respectively. The results show that:(1) when bedrock fracture occurs,the influence range inside overburden soils produced by vertical fault (down fault) is greater than that produced by horizontal fault (strike slip fault);(2) the influence degree inside single middle strength soft soil is greater than that inside the cross bedding′s sedimentary soils composed of coarse and fine grained soil layers;and (3) under way of bedrock offset 1-3 m,the fracture inside overburden soils appears and all fracture heights are less than 20 m. When the bedrock offset becomes great enough to 4.5 m,the fracture expands inside overburden soils but the fracture heights are all within 30 m. It shows that the centrifuge test results have significant references to both the evaluation of countermeasure against faults in engineering practice and the revisions of some design regulations.
引文
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[8]刘守华.土工离心模拟技术发展水平报告[A].见:中国土木工程学会土工测试专业专委员会编.全国土工测试新仪器新技术学术讨论会论文集[C].上海:[s.n.],1992.23–28.(Liu Shouhua.The evaluation and prospect of geotechnical centrifuge modeling[A].In:The Technical Committee on Geotechnical Tests of the China Civil Engineering Society ed.Collection Papers of the China Conference on Geotechnical Testing Technology[C].Shanghai:[s.n.],1992.23–28.(in Chinese))
[9]Liu Shouhua,Cai Zhengyin,Dong Jincheng.Influence range in overburden soils due to bedrock fracture[A].In:Proc.of the International Conference Centrifuge98[C].Japan:A.A.Balkerma Publishers,1998.907–910.
[10]Taylor R N.Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology(First Edition)[M].England:Blackie Academic and Professional,1995,1–20.
[11]刘守华.土工离心机的研制与应用[J].水利水电技术,1990,43(5):60–64.(Liu Shouhua.The development and applications of geotechnical centrifuge[J].Water Conservancy and Power Technology,1990,43(5):60–64.(in Chinese))
[12]邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].见:活动断裂研究(2)[C].北京:地震出版社,1992.(Deng Qidong,Yu Guihua,Ye Wenhua.Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surface ruptures associated with historical earthquakes[A].In:Research on Active Fault(Ⅱ)[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[13]蒋溥,梁小华.工程地震实践中若干问题[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(1):1–26.(Jiang Pu,Liang Xiaohua.Some problems and study results in engineering earthquake practice[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geology,1998,6(1):1–26.(in Chinese))
[14]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull.Seis.Soc.Am.,1994,84(4):974–1002.
[2]温瑞智,周正华,孙平善,等.断层场地地震动分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):21–27.(Wen Ruizhi,Zhou Zhenghua,Sun Pingshan,et al.Ground motion analysis for near-fault site[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(1):21–27.(in Chinese))
[3]场地断裂课题研究小组.场地断裂工程抗震评价研究报告[R].北京:建设部抗震办公室,1988.(The Research Group of Near-fault Site.Evaluation for seismic design of near-fault site[R].Beijing:Office of Earthquake-proof,Ministry of Construction,1988.(in Chinese))
[4]薄景山,李秀领,刘红帅.土层结构对地表加速度峰值的影响[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):36–40.(Bo Jingshan,Li Xiuling,Liu Hongshuai.Effects of soil layer construction on peak accelerations of ground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2003,23(3):36–40.(in Chinese))
[5]李小军,彭青.不同类别场地地震动力参数的计算分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):29–36.(Li Xiaojun,Peng Qing.Calculation and analysis of earthquake ground motion parameters for different site categories[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(1):29–36.(in Chinese))
[6]王文剑,楼梦麟,马恒春,等.上部结构对桩基础地震应力影响的模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):109–206.(Wang Wenjian,Lou Menglin,Ma Hengchun,et al.Study on effects of superstructure on pile foundation seismic stresses by model test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(2):109–206.(in Chinese))
[7]刘守华.土工离心模拟技术在工程中的应用[J].江苏水利科技,1989,33(3):6–12.(Liu Shouhua.The applications of geotechnical centrifuge modeling in engineering[J].Jiangsu Science and Technology of Water Conservancy,1989,33(3):6–12.(in Chinese))
[8]刘守华.土工离心模拟技术发展水平报告[A].见:中国土木工程学会土工测试专业专委员会编.全国土工测试新仪器新技术学术讨论会论文集[C].上海:[s.n.],1992.23–28.(Liu Shouhua.The evaluation and prospect of geotechnical centrifuge modeling[A].In:The Technical Committee on Geotechnical Tests of the China Civil Engineering Society ed.Collection Papers of the China Conference on Geotechnical Testing Technology[C].Shanghai:[s.n.],1992.23–28.(in Chinese))
[9]Liu Shouhua,Cai Zhengyin,Dong Jincheng.Influence range in overburden soils due to bedrock fracture[A].In:Proc.of the International Conference Centrifuge98[C].Japan:A.A.Balkerma Publishers,1998.907–910.
[10]Taylor R N.Geotechnical Centrifuge Technology(First Edition)[M].England:Blackie Academic and Professional,1995,1–20.
[11]刘守华.土工离心机的研制与应用[J].水利水电技术,1990,43(5):60–64.(Liu Shouhua.The development and applications of geotechnical centrifuge[J].Water Conservancy and Power Technology,1990,43(5):60–64.(in Chinese))
[12]邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究[A].见:活动断裂研究(2)[C].北京:地震出版社,1992.(Deng Qidong,Yu Guihua,Ye Wenhua.Relationship between earthquake magnitude and parameters of surface ruptures associated with historical earthquakes[A].In:Research on Active Fault(Ⅱ)[C].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[13]蒋溥,梁小华.工程地震实践中若干问题[J].工程地质学报,1998,6(1):1–26.(Jiang Pu,Liang Xiaohua.Some problems and study results in engineering earthquake practice[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geology,1998,6(1):1–26.(in Chinese))
[14]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull.Seis.Soc.Am.,1994,84(4):974–1002.
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