深厚软土地层地震破坏的作用机理研究
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摘要
以福州市区场地软土动力特性和地脉动频谱结构为研究对象,对福州市区进行了场地地脉动的测试及频谱分析。据此研究了地脉动频谱结构特征及场地土(包括软土)对地脉动的频率响应的特性。结果表明,场地地脉动卓越周期与场地覆盖层厚度和地基土刚度的变化密切相关;软土层对地脉动的卓越周期有一定放大作用;通过建立场地土覆盖层厚度、剪切波速与地脉动卓越周期之间的相关关系,揭示了场地卓越周期值与场地土覆盖层厚度正相关,随剪切波速增大,场地卓越周期呈现减小的趋势。同时,根据已有对市区高层建筑结构自振周期的地脉动测试结果,结合我国经验计算方法和美国加州近似方法,得到高层建筑结构自振周期的修正近似计算式。最后,研究结果初步揭示了深厚软土地层地震破坏的作用机理,并结合震害案例进一步解释此类场地某些结构物易遭地震破坏的原因。
A study of seismic failure mechanism of soft soil sites in Fuzhou is presented. The characteristics of frequency-spectrum structure and response of ground soils,including soft soils and the frequency of ground micro-tremor,were investigated. From the results,it is found that the site soft soil enlarges predominant period of ground micro-tremor to some degree,and the predominant period of ground micro-tremor has a close relationship with the stiffness of the foundation soils. The correlations among the predominant period of ground micro-tremor, the overburden thickness of soils,and the shear wave velocity of overburden,are established. These relations reveal that the predominant period of the ground micro-tremor is positively proportional to overburden thickness, but decreases with the increase of shear wave velocity. In addition,based on the completed measurements of the natural periods of the buildings in the city,using the empirical calculation methods,and approximate calculation methods applied in California,USA,the improved approximate calculation formulae are developed for natural periods of high-rise buildings. The results reveal the seismic failure mechanism in the abundant soft soil sites,and demonstrate the causes of potential seismic failures for some buildings.
A study of seismic failure mechanism of soft soil sites in Fuzhou is presented. The characteristics of frequency-spectrum structure and response of ground soils,including soft soils and the frequency of ground micro-tremor,were investigated. From the results,it is found that the site soft soil enlarges predominant period of ground micro-tremor to some degree,and the predominant period of ground micro-tremor has a close relationship with the stiffness of the foundation soils. The correlations among the predominant period of ground micro-tremor, the overburden thickness of soils,and the shear wave velocity of overburden,are established. These relations reveal that the predominant period of the ground micro-tremor is positively proportional to overburden thickness, but decreases with the increase of shear wave velocity. In addition,based on the completed measurements of the natural periods of the buildings in the city,using the empirical calculation methods,and approximate calculation methods applied in California,USA,the improved approximate calculation formulae are developed for natural periods of high-rise buildings. The results reveal the seismic failure mechanism in the abundant soft soil sites,and demonstrate the causes of potential seismic failures for some buildings.
引文
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[13]张克恭,刘松玉.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2000.(ZhangKegong,LiuSongyu.SoilMechanics[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture andBuildingPress,2000.(inChinese))
[14]刘金韬,金晓媚,武强.地震液化饱和砂土层内部超静孔压理论分析[J].工程勘察,2000,(5):6–8.(LiuJintao,JinXiaomei,WuQiang.The theory analysis on excess pore pressure in seismic liquefaction saturated-sand[J].GeotechnicalInvestigation andSurverying,2000,(5):6–8.(inChinese))
[15]朱大奎,王颖,陈方.环境地质学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.(ZhuDakui,WangYing,ChenFang.EnvironmentalGeology[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000.(inChinese))
[16]南京大学.工程地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1982.(NanjingUniversity.EngineeringGeology[M].Beijing:GeologyicalPublihingPress,1982.(inChinese))
[17]陈孝培,甘德福.上海及周边地区高耸建筑物抗震设计中卓越周期的评价与选择[J].上海地质,1997,(1):49–54.(ChenXiaopei, GanDefu.Evaluation and choice of preeminent period in an antiknock design to towering building inShanghai and its periphery area[J].ShanghaiGeology,1997,(1):49–54.(inChinese))
[18]孙小鹏,冯伯林,张战怀.深软土场地上高层住宅的地震安全性问题[J].地震学刊,1999,(3):1–5(SunXiaopeng,FengBolin,ZhangZhanhuai.Seismic safe problem of high building on deep soft site[J].Journal ofSeismology,1999,(3):1–5.(inChinese))
[19]洪时中,洪时明.神户地震及其对我们的启示[J].四川地震,1995,(3):36–48.(HongShizhong,HongSiming.Kobe earthquake and guidance for us[J].EarthquakeResearch inSichuan,1995,(3):36– 48.(inChinese))
[20]黄玉龙,郭迅,袁一凡等.软弱夹层对香港软土场地地震反应的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):109–116.(WongYulong,GuoXun,YuanYifan,et al.Influence of soft sandwich layer on seismic response inHongKong[J].Journal ofNaturalDisasters,2000,9(1):109–116.(inChinese))
[2]刘惠珊,张在明.地震区的场地与地基基础[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.(LiuHuishan,ZhangZaiming.TheSite andFoundation inSeismicArea[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and BuildingPress,1994.(inChinese))
[3]章在墉,李文艺,陶能付.长周期地面脉动在地震小区划中的应用[J].同济大学学报,1994,22(4):421–426.(ZhangZaiyong,LiWenyi,TaoNengfu.The application of long period microtremor to seismic microzonation[J].Journal ofTongjiUniversity,1994,22(4):421–426.(inChinese))
[4]吴世明.土介质中的波[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.(WuShiming.Wave inSoil[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1997.(inChinese))
[5]简文彬,李哲生,黄真萍等.福建沿海地区地微动的谱结构特征[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(2):216–219.(JianWenbin,LiZhesheng,HuangZhenping,et al.On the spectral characteristics of ground microtremor in coastal area ofFujian[J].Journal ofEngineeringGeology,2002,10(2):216–219.(inChinese))
[6]胡钧,杜坚.上海场地土的脉动特性及剪切波速特征[J].物探与化探,1997,21(4):305–307.(HuJun,DuJian.Pulsation and shear wave velocity characteristics of soils in a certain field ofShanghai[J].Geophysical andGeochemicalExploration,1997,21(4):305–307.(inChinese))
[7]许建聪,简文彬,尚岳全等.地脉动在福州市区地基土层场地评价中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(17):3014–3020.(XuJiancong,JianWenbin,ShangYuequan,et al.Application of microtremor to site evaluation inFuzhou[J].ChineseJournal ofRockMechanics andEngineering,2004,23(17):3014–3020.(inChinese))
[8]Nakamura.A method for dynamic character estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface[J].QR ofRTRI,1999,30(1):25–33.
[9]建设部综合勘察研究院.场地微振动测量技术规程(CECS 74:95)[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.(ChinaInstitute ofGeotechnicalInvestigation andSurveying ofMinistry ofConstruction.The measuring technological specification of site microseism(CECS 74:95)[S].Beijing:ChinaPlanningPress,1996.(inChinese))
[10]庄楚强,吴亚森.应用数理统计基础[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1999.(ZhuangChuqiang,WuYasen.AppliedMathematicStatisticalFoundation[M].Guangzhou:SouthChinaUniversity ofTechnologyPress,1999.(inChinese))
[11]吕元光.关于高层结构自振周期的分析[J].兰州科技情报,1994,23(5):3–5.(LvYuanguang.Analysis on the nature periods of high-rise structure[J].LanzhouScientific andTechnologicalInformation,1994,23(5):3–5.(inChinese))
[12]中国建筑科学研究院工程抗震研究所.福州市宏扬新城动态测试报告[R].北京:中国建筑科学研究院工程抗震研究所,1995.(EngineeringAnti-SeismicInstitute ofChinaAcademy ofBuildingResearch.Dynamic test report onHongyangXincheng ofFuzhou[R].Beijing:Institute ofEarthquakeEngineering ofChinaAcademy ofBuildingResearch,1995.(inChinese))
[13]张克恭,刘松玉.土力学[M].北京:中国建筑出版社,2000.(ZhangKegong,LiuSongyu.SoilMechanics[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture andBuildingPress,2000.(inChinese))
[14]刘金韬,金晓媚,武强.地震液化饱和砂土层内部超静孔压理论分析[J].工程勘察,2000,(5):6–8.(LiuJintao,JinXiaomei,WuQiang.The theory analysis on excess pore pressure in seismic liquefaction saturated-sand[J].GeotechnicalInvestigation andSurverying,2000,(5):6–8.(inChinese))
[15]朱大奎,王颖,陈方.环境地质学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.(ZhuDakui,WangYing,ChenFang.EnvironmentalGeology[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000.(inChinese))
[16]南京大学.工程地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1982.(NanjingUniversity.EngineeringGeology[M].Beijing:GeologyicalPublihingPress,1982.(inChinese))
[17]陈孝培,甘德福.上海及周边地区高耸建筑物抗震设计中卓越周期的评价与选择[J].上海地质,1997,(1):49–54.(ChenXiaopei, GanDefu.Evaluation and choice of preeminent period in an antiknock design to towering building inShanghai and its periphery area[J].ShanghaiGeology,1997,(1):49–54.(inChinese))
[18]孙小鹏,冯伯林,张战怀.深软土场地上高层住宅的地震安全性问题[J].地震学刊,1999,(3):1–5(SunXiaopeng,FengBolin,ZhangZhanhuai.Seismic safe problem of high building on deep soft site[J].Journal ofSeismology,1999,(3):1–5.(inChinese))
[19]洪时中,洪时明.神户地震及其对我们的启示[J].四川地震,1995,(3):36–48.(HongShizhong,HongSiming.Kobe earthquake and guidance for us[J].EarthquakeResearch inSichuan,1995,(3):36– 48.(inChinese))
[20]黄玉龙,郭迅,袁一凡等.软弱夹层对香港软土场地地震反应的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2000,9(1):109–116.(WongYulong,GuoXun,YuanYifan,et al.Influence of soft sandwich layer on seismic response inHongKong[J].Journal ofNaturalDisasters,2000,9(1):109–116.(inChinese))
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