苏丹福拉凹陷陡坡带构造地质特征及勘探
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摘要
福拉凹陷区域地质上属于在中非剪切带应力场背景下拉张形成的被动裂谷凹陷,整体呈西断东超的箕状凹陷,西部陡坡带为一个受长期活动的边界断层控制的一个狭长区域,面积约400 km2。该构造带具有构造复杂,地层产状陡,沉积相变化快等特点,因而在地震采集和处理技术、石油地质综合评价和钻井作业技术方面面临一系列挑战。综合地质研究及勘探实践证实,对于复杂断块油气田,及早部署三维地震采集以落实复杂构造并采用滚动勘探开发的思路,可以快速、有效地探明储量规模,减少失误,提高勘探效益;针对不同的地下及地表条件,优化采集参数和接收组合,并在构造主体部位采用加密炮线增加局部覆盖次数,有利于改善地震资料品质;适时调整钻井工程技术,可有效地提高钻探效率和井身质量,有利于油层的发现和储集层保护。图9参11
Fula sub-basin is a passive rift sag formed by the extensional stress resulted from Central Africa Shear Zone.It is an asymmetric half-graben,which develops fault steps to the west and is overlapped to the east.The western escarpment is a long and narrow structure of about 400 km2,controlled by a long-lived boundary fault.Due to complicated structure,steep stratum and varied sedimentary facies,there are many challenges for exploration in the escarpment,such as the seismic data acquisition and processing,integrated G&G study,drilling technology,etc.The integrated G&G study and exploration practice proved that the strategy of early deployment of 3D seismic acquisition and applying progressive exploration and development can efficiently decide reserves,reduce risks and enhance exploration benefits.Optimizing the seismic acquisition parameters and infilling shot points to improve the local fold times in the main part of the structure according to the conditions of subsurface and surface is beneficial to enhancing the seismic data quality.Timely adjusting the drilling technology can improve the drilling efficiency and the quality of borehole condition,which is helpful to discover pay zones and protect reservoirs.
Fula sub-basin is a passive rift sag formed by the extensional stress resulted from Central Africa Shear Zone.It is an asymmetric half-graben,which develops fault steps to the west and is overlapped to the east.The western escarpment is a long and narrow structure of about 400 km2,controlled by a long-lived boundary fault.Due to complicated structure,steep stratum and varied sedimentary facies,there are many challenges for exploration in the escarpment,such as the seismic data acquisition and processing,integrated G&G study,drilling technology,etc.The integrated G&G study and exploration practice proved that the strategy of early deployment of 3D seismic acquisition and applying progressive exploration and development can efficiently decide reserves,reduce risks and enhance exploration benefits.Optimizing the seismic acquisition parameters and infilling shot points to improve the local fold times in the main part of the structure according to the conditions of subsurface and surface is beneficial to enhancing the seismic data quality.Timely adjusting the drilling technology can improve the drilling efficiency and the quality of borehole condition,which is helpful to discover pay zones and protect reservoirs.
引文
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[8]于潮,白洋,于中洋,等.苏丹Fula油田成藏规律与油气分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):633-639.Yu Chao,Bai Yang,Yu Zhongyang,et al.Reservoir formationand oil and gas distribution of Fula Oilfield,Sudan[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2007,34(5):633-639.
[9]李方明,计智锋,赵国良,等.地质统计反演之随机地震反演方法——以苏丹M盆地P油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):451-455.Li Fangming,Ji Zhifeng,Zhao Guoliang,et al.Methodology andapplication of stochastic seismic inversion:A case from P Oilfield,M Basin,Sudan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):451-455.
[10]张亚敏.中非Muglad盆地北区构造特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):502-507.Zhang Yamin.Structural geometry of Muglad Basin,CentralAfrica[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):502-507.
[11]赵文智,邹才能,汪泽成,等.富油气凹陷“满凹含油”论——内涵与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):5-13.Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,Wang Zecheng,et al.The intensionand signification of“Sag-wide Oil-Bearing Theory”in thehydrocarbon-rich depression with terrestrial origin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(2):5-13.
[2]范迎风,苌衡,龙翔,等.转换型Muglad盆地的走滑特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(3):107-110.Fan Yingfeng,Chang Heng,Long Xiang,et al.Sliding feature ofthe transforming Muglad basin[J].Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment,2002,29(3):107-110.
[3]汪望泉,窦立荣,张志伟,等.苏丹福拉凹陷转换带特征及其与油气的关系[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(1):124-126,127.Wang Wangquan,Dou Lirong,Zhang Zhiwei,et al.Transferzone character and its relationship to hydrocarbon in Fula Sag,Sudan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(1):124-126,127.
[4]汪望泉,窦立荣,樊太亮,等.中非穆格莱德盆地福拉凹陷构造特征与油气聚集[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(3):387-390.Wang Wangquan,Dou Lirong,Fan Tailiang,et al.Structures andhydrocarbon accumulation in Fula Sag of Muglad Basin in CentralAfrica[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(3):387-390.
[5]窦立荣,潘校华,田作基,等.苏丹裂谷盆地油气藏的形成与分布——兼与中国东部裂谷盆地对比分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):255-261.Dou Lirong,Pan Xiaohua,Tian Zuoji,et al.Hydrocarbonformation and distribution of rift basins in Sudan—A comparativeanalysis of them with rift basins in East China[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2006,33(3):255-261.
[6]赵国良,穆龙新,计智锋,等.苏丹M盆地P油田退积型辫状三角洲沉积体系储集层综合预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(6):125-128.Zhao Guoliang,Mu Longxin,Ji Zhifeng,et al.Reservoirprediction of the retrogradation braided delta depositionai systemof P Oiifieid in the M Basin,Sudan[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2005,32(6):125-128.
[7]窦立荣,程顶胜,张志伟.利用油藏地质地球化学特征综合划分含油气系统[J].地质科学,2002,37(4):495-501.Dou Lirong,Cheng Dingsheng,Zhang Zhiwei.Division ofpetroleum system by using integrated geological and geochemicalanalyses[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(4):495-501.
[8]于潮,白洋,于中洋,等.苏丹Fula油田成藏规律与油气分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(5):633-639.Yu Chao,Bai Yang,Yu Zhongyang,et al.Reservoir formationand oil and gas distribution of Fula Oilfield,Sudan[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2007,34(5):633-639.
[9]李方明,计智锋,赵国良,等.地质统计反演之随机地震反演方法——以苏丹M盆地P油田为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):451-455.Li Fangming,Ji Zhifeng,Zhao Guoliang,et al.Methodology andapplication of stochastic seismic inversion:A case from P Oilfield,M Basin,Sudan[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):451-455.
[10]张亚敏.中非Muglad盆地北区构造特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):502-507.Zhang Yamin.Structural geometry of Muglad Basin,CentralAfrica[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):502-507.
[11]赵文智,邹才能,汪泽成,等.富油气凹陷“满凹含油”论——内涵与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(2):5-13.Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,Wang Zecheng,et al.The intensionand signification of“Sag-wide Oil-Bearing Theory”in thehydrocarbon-rich depression with terrestrial origin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2004,31(2):5-13.
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