深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用
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摘要
目前地应力测量方法有很多种,可分为力学法、地球物理法及地质构造信息法等。在分析各种测量方法特点的基础上,介绍适用于深部煤矿巷道的地应力快速测量方法——小孔径水压致裂地应力测量法,包括小孔径水压致裂地应力测量原理、测量装置的组成部分和技术特征。在我国煤矿典型的深部矿区——新汶矿区井下巷道中,完成9个测点的地应力测量。其中5个测点的埋深超过1000m,最深达1220m。测量结果表明,7个测点的最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力;最大水平主应力高达42.1 MPa;最大水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值为1.004～1.550;新汶矿区超过1 000 m深井地应力以水平应力为主,最大水平主应力方向主要集中在N3°E～N43.5°W。通过井下实测,确定出所测区域地应力状态及其分布规律。同时证明,小孔径水压致裂地应力测量法可为深部矿井提供有效、快速的地应力测量手段,为深部巷道布置和支护设计优化提供可靠的基础参数。
There are many kinds of in-situ stress measurement methods at present,which can be classified into mechanical,geophysical and geological structure information methods.Based on the analysis of the features of various stress measurement methods,a new method—hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement with small borehole,which is suitable for rapid in-situ stress measurement in deep coal mine roadways,is introduced.The in-situ stress measurement principle,device and technical properties are introduced.Nine points of in-situ stress measurement have been completed in underground roadways in typical deep coal mining area,Xinwen coal mining area in China.There are 5 measurement points with buried depth more than 1 000 m,and the maximum is 1 220 m.The measurement results indicate that:(1) there are 7 measurement points with the maximum horizontal principal in-situ stress more than the vertical principal stress;(2) the value of the maximum horizontal principal stress amounts to 42.1 MPa;(3) the ratios of the maximum horizontal principal stresses to the vertical principal stress are 1.004–1.550;and(4) the in-situ stress field in Xinwen coal mining with buried depth more than 1 000 m is dominated by horizontal stress;and the orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses mainly concentrate on N3°E–N43.5°W.The in-situ stress states and the distribution law in the measured area have been determined through the measurement results.It is also proved that the hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement with small borehole can provide an effective and rapid stress method for deep mines and can offere reliable basic parameters for roadway layout and support design.
There are many kinds of in-situ stress measurement methods at present,which can be classified into mechanical,geophysical and geological structure information methods.Based on the analysis of the features of various stress measurement methods,a new method—hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement with small borehole,which is suitable for rapid in-situ stress measurement in deep coal mine roadways,is introduced.The in-situ stress measurement principle,device and technical properties are introduced.Nine points of in-situ stress measurement have been completed in underground roadways in typical deep coal mining area,Xinwen coal mining area in China.There are 5 measurement points with buried depth more than 1 000 m,and the maximum is 1 220 m.The measurement results indicate that:(1) there are 7 measurement points with the maximum horizontal principal in-situ stress more than the vertical principal stress;(2) the value of the maximum horizontal principal stress amounts to 42.1 MPa;(3) the ratios of the maximum horizontal principal stresses to the vertical principal stress are 1.004–1.550;and(4) the in-situ stress field in Xinwen coal mining with buried depth more than 1 000 m is dominated by horizontal stress;and the orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses mainly concentrate on N3°E–N43.5°W.The in-situ stress states and the distribution law in the measured area have been determined through the measurement results.It is also proved that the hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement with small borehole can provide an effective and rapid stress method for deep mines and can offere reliable basic parameters for roadway layout and support design.
引文
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[8]马秀敏,彭华,李金锁.新疆西部地应力测量在隧道工程中的应用[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(4):386–393.(MA Xiumin,PENG Hua,LI Jinsuo.Application of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements to tunnelling in Western Xinjiang[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(4):386–393.(in Chinese))
[9]李金锁,彭华,马秀敏,等.水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理—丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用[J].地质通报,2006,25(5):644–648.(LI Jinsuo,PENG Hua,MA Xiumin,et al.Application of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements to tunneling along the Dali—Lijiang Railway,Yunnan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(5):644–648.(in Chinese))
[10]蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华,等.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(CAI Meifeng,CHEN Changzhen,PENG Hua,et al.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(in Chinese))
[11]刘允芳.在单钻孔中水压致裂法的三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):192–196.(LIU Yunfang.Three-dimensional geostress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in one borehole[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):192–196.(in Chinese))
[12]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study on three-dimensional geostress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[13]康红普,林健.我国巷道围岩地质力学测试技术新进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):27–30.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.New development in geomechanics measurement and test technology of mine roadway surrounding rock[J].Coal Science and Technology,2001,29(7):27–30.(in Chinese))
[2]CHISTIANSSON R.The latest development for in-situ rock stress measuring techniques[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress.Trondheim,Norway:[s.n.],2006:3–10.
[3]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[4]刘允芳,肖本职.西部地区地震活动与地应力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4 502–4 508.(LIU Yunfang,XIAO Benzhi.Study on seismic activity and geostress in West China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4 502–4 508.(in Chinese))
[5]陈强,朱宝龙,胡厚田.岩石Kaiser效应测定地应力场的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1 370–1 376.(CHEN Qiang,ZHU Baolong,HU Houtian.Experimental research on measurement of in-situ stress field by Kaiser effect[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1 370–1 376.(in Chinese))
[6]蒲文龙,张宏伟,郭守泉.深部地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(1):49–51.(PU Wenlong,ZHANG Hongwei,GUO Shouquan.Crustal stress measurement and stability of the tunnel to survey[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(1):49–51.(in Chinese))
[7]李满洲,余强,郭啟良,等.地应力测量在矿床突水防治中的应用[J].地球学报,2006,27(4):373–378.(LI Manzhou,YU Qiang,GUO Qiliang,et al.The application of in-situ stress measurement to the prevention of mine water burst[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2006,27(4):373–378.(in Chinese))
[8]马秀敏,彭华,李金锁.新疆西部地应力测量在隧道工程中的应用[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(4):386–393.(MA Xiumin,PENG Hua,LI Jinsuo.Application of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements to tunnelling in Western Xinjiang[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(4):386–393.(in Chinese))
[9]李金锁,彭华,马秀敏,等.水压致裂地应力测试方法在云南大理—丽江铁路隧道工程中的应用[J].地质通报,2006,25(5):644–648.(LI Jinsuo,PENG Hua,MA Xiumin,et al.Application of hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurements to tunneling along the Dali—Lijiang Railway,Yunnan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2006,25(5):644–648.(in Chinese))
[10]蔡美峰,陈长臻,彭华,等.万福煤矿深部水压致裂地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(CAI Meifeng,CHEN Changzhen,PENG Hua,et al.In-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in deep position of Wanfu coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):1 069–1 074.(in Chinese))
[11]刘允芳.在单钻孔中水压致裂法的三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(2):192–196.(LIU Yunfang.Three-dimensional geostress measurement by hydraulic fracturing technique in one borehole[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(2):192–196.(in Chinese))
[12]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study on three-dimensional geostress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[13]康红普,林健.我国巷道围岩地质力学测试技术新进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):27–30.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.New development in geomechanics measurement and test technology of mine roadway surrounding rock[J].Coal Science and Technology,2001,29(7):27–30.(in Chinese))
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